Reading And Writing Skills

Kinds Of project proposal

1. Introduction - Rational - Objectives - Benefits 2.Project Description - Methodology - Schedule - budget

Results

In longer research papers, the results section contains the data and perhaps a short introduction.

pastiche

It is a text developed in a way that it copies the style or other properties of another text without making fun of it unlike in a parody.

Introduction

It provides the key question that the researcher is attempting to answer and a review of any literature that is relevant.

Ted Nelson

The term hypertext was coined by ______ in 1963.

methodology

This is arguably the most important section for two reasons: (1) it allows readers to evaluate the quality of the research, and (2) it provides the details by which another researcher may replicate and validate the findings.

Introduction

This part provides the background necessary for understanding the project, which is done by telling your reader the following:

Project Description

This section gives specific information about the project itself. It indicates how the project will address the identified problem through the following parts:

discussion

This section is where the results of the study are interpreted and evaluated against the existing body or literature.

THE COMPONENTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT ARE:

Title Abstract Introduction methodology result discussion references

Office Correspondence, or business correspondence

You write this to ______ is a written interchange of internal (communication between company departments) and external communication (communication between a company to another firm) to assist the flow of business processes.

counterclaims

are claims made to rebut a previous claim.

Assertions

are declarative sentences that give one's belief about something else as if it is true though it may not be.

Reasoning

as defined by Merriam Webster dictionary is an act of giving statements for justification and explanation.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.

book review

describes and evaluates a work of fiction or nonfiction and offers the book's overall purpose, structure, and style of narration to the unknown readers.

Position Paper

is a composition that highlights an opinion of an author or specified entity about an issue.

Project Proposal

is a document that is written for problem solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment selling.

World Wide Web (WWW)

is a global hypertext system of information residing on servers linked across the internet.

research report

is a long, formal essay, usually five to fifteen pages in length, which presents the writer's views and findings on a chosen subject.

Hypertext

is a non-linear way to present information and is usually accomplished using "links".

Opinion

is a statement based on facts but is difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.

claim

is a statement that asserts facts based on one's understanding about a particular topic or issue.

Fact

is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research.

literature review

is a type of academic essay that examines what has already been written about a topic.

Convention

is a way in which something is done similar to traditions and norms.

College Admission Letter

is also known as the "letter of intent". It is a brief discussion of your intention to be admitted in a specific course in college.

Business E-mail

is an office correspondence that either be internal can or external.

textual evidence

is defined as the details given by the author in order to support his/her claims.

Critical Reading

is engaging in analytic activity which involves the reader by asking questions about the text and the author's claim.

counterclaim

is just the opposite of claim. It is a statement that contradicts one's claim and is usually proven and supported by both reasons and evidences.

Intertextuality or intertext

is one method of text development that enables the author to make another text based on another text.

intertext or intextuality

is technically defined as a process of text development that merges two more processes such as imitation and creation in doing a text.

reason

is the part of an argument where a statement offers an explanation behind a party's claim.

evidence

is the statement that proves the truth of a claim and generally leads to the conclusion of an argument.

Business Letter

is the traditional way of communicating information from one company to another or used in external correspondence. The format can either be full block, modified block, and semi-block. Various types of letters are sales letter, order letter.

resume

is usually an enclosure to an application or cover letter so it is recommended that you prepare the resume first since the information that you include there will be the basis of your letter.

Employment Application Letter

is widely known as a "cover letter". It is used to introduce yourself to a prospective employer.

Evaluative statement

it is a statement that states one's sound judgement about something through writing which is supported by reasons and evidences.

abstract

it is an overview of the research study and is typically two to four paragraphs in length containing 200-300 words.

title

it reflects the content and emphasis of the project described in the report.

Business Memorandum

or memo is a written. communication strictly between the company's offices to another or used in internal correspondence.

Preference

states a personal choice in which the writer is under no obligation to support or prove the truthfulness of the statement.

objectives

these reveal what the project intends to achieve in terms of results. It also gives the reader an idea of the intended solution. Good objectives are SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Results-oriented, and bound within a realistic Time frame).

Benefits

these show what the reader or the target audience can gain from the proposal, which may be improvements in processes or systems, an increase in revenue, or a change in behavior of the beneficiaries of the proposal.

schedule

this discusses the task duration and expected start and end dates of each activity in the project.

methodology

this entails the different activities; the project will take on, including the manpower (i.e., the people involved and their duties), resources to be utilized and the expanded output.

rationale

this identifies the problem to be addressed and shows the need to solve it

budget

this presents an analysis of all the costs anticipated in the project, which can be itemized or shown as a whole, depending on the needs of the project.

References

this section provides a list of each author and paper cited in the research report. Any fact, idea, or direct quotation used in the report should be cited and referenced.