reading quiz ch 3-4
what kind of government did john winthrop create?
congressional church (freemen/puritans), town/provincinal govs (male property holders), believed purpose of the gov was to enforce god's laws, congregation can hire/fire clergymen and set their salary (1st ideas of separation of church and state)
what was the atlantic slave trade?
the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas
what was grown on chesapeake?
tobacco, awful conditions cause disease and lots of death
what was john winthrop's famous saying?
"we shall be as a city upon a hill" (humanity)
how much of the population were slaves in south carolina in 1700s?
1/3
what was the peqout war?
1630s- Pequot tribe was wiped out by New England colonies, puritans try to convert indians to christian and created 'praying towns' for the indians
who were apart of the new england confederation?
4 puritan colonies: massachussets bay, plymouth, new haven, and connecticut
who was sir edmund andros?
An English colonial administrator in North America; governor of the Dominion of New England (blow to massachussets bay co by king charles ii)
What was Bacon's Rebellion?
Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. this caused america to start looking to africa for servants
Who was chief of the Wampanoag?
Chief Massasoit
what were the navigation laws?
England's Parliament attempt to tighten control of colonial trade; restricted trade to only English or colonial ships
What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
English colony in Massachusetts settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom, 11 ships, 11,000 immigrants
who was king philip?
Massasoit's son - Metacom and leader of the wampanoag tribe, named king philip by the english
what was salutary neglect?
Period of time between 1607-1763 when England ignored their colonies
what was the royal african company?
Set up in 1672 by Charles II, they were a group of merchants that traded with communities in Africa, lost its crown-granted monopoly on carrying slaves to colonies in 1698, americans (especially rhode island) wanted in on the slave trade
who was john winthrop?
The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
what was the middle passage?
The transatlantic journey that brought slaves to the Americas, death rate = 20%
who was william berkely?
Virginia governor with friendly policies towards Indians, hated poor people
who was squanto?
a native belonging to the wampanoag tribe that had been to England and could speak English and helped the pilgrims
what are quakers?
a pacifist christian group, called the society of friends, dissent authority of puritan clergy
what did chief massasoit sign?
a treaty with the pilgrims in 1621 and helped them do the 1st thanksgiving
what was the mayflower compact?
agreement to form a crude government and submit to the will of the majority (step towards self-gov, although not a constitution)
what were the beliefs of quakers?
all children in eyes of god, all equal, don't take oaths, don't allow for military/war
what kind of society did rhode island have?
baptist church, sheltered the quakers, freedom of religion, no tax supports the church, church attendance isn't mandatory = liberal and advanced and sanctuary for the exiles
what laws suppressed the protestant ethic?
blue law state (blue law paper repressive laws were printed on)
what were the west indian planters?
brought rice/indigo to the carolinas and cause large demands for labor (white planter owners were scared their servants would rebel due to bacon's rebellion)
What was New Amsterdam?
built by Dutch built aristocratic settlement and commercial center in 1626, became new york city, not as strong as english colonies
what did the glorious revolution cause?
caused cominion of england to fall, massachussets became a royal colony, inspired revolts all over america, salutary neglect
How did New York get its name?
charles ii gave the land to his brother the duke of york --> new york
who did william penn buy land from?
chief tammany (indians)
where did most slaves come from?
coast of west africa
what was the protestant ethic?
commit to engage/work in worldly pursuits, but still drank, ate, and had sex
who was john calvin?
created calivinism (similar ideas to martin luther)
who was king henry vii?
cut ties with roman catholic church and created the ANGLICAN CHURCH (church of england)
what was the purpose of the new england confederation?
defense against indians, dutch, and french
what was the head right system?
encouraged importation of indentured servants: whoever paid passage of a laborer got 50 acres of land
what happened to the soil of chesapeake?
exhausted the soil and high demand for new land
who was roger williams?
founded rhode island, extreme separatist, angry that land was taken illegally from indians
what did winthrop's skills allow massachussets to prosper in?
fur, fish, shipbuilding, trade
who was martin luther?
german monk who denounced authority of the priest/pope and created protestantism/sparked protestant reformation
what are calvinist beliefs?
god is the most powerful, humans are sins, PREDESTINATION (God decides who goes to heaven/hell at birth), harsher than protestant ideas
what was the 17th century for the dutch?
golden age, had dutch east and west indian companies
what did charles I do in 1629 and what was the result of this?
got rid of parliament and created anti-puritan persecution, so non-separatist puritans got a royal charter from the massachussets bay colony to create a settlement in massachussets
what was the social ladder of the south?
great planters (lots of slaves, monopolize politics), small farmers (largest group, only a few slaves), landless whites (former indentured servants), indentured servants, black slaves
what were the new netherlands and who established them?
henry hudson/dutch west indies and they bought manhattan island from the indians
Where did the Separatists go before coming to America?
holland but left because they were upset with the "dutchification of their children" (netherlands)
what town were africans brought to?
jamestown in 1619, white colonists couldn't afford to buy slaves who die upon arrival/high mortality rates
what did bacon and rebels do to indians?
killed them and forced berkely out of jamestown: caused chaos
who was william bradford?
leader of the pilgrims and came to america on the mayflower, chosen 30 times to be the governor, was afraid non-puritans would corrupt his government
who was nathaniel bacon?
led rebellion for men forced in work in untamed backcountries to search for new land, hated william berkely's friendly policy towards indians
who was benjamin franklin?
lived in the middle colonies, born in puritan (yankee) boston but moved to philly when 17
who was william penn?
loved quaker ideals (which upset his dad and was forced to serve in the military), he came back and founded pennsylvania (means brotherly love) in america as an asylum for his people and to experiment with liberal gov for profit
what were the slave codes?
made black people and their kids property of their white master: illegal to teach slaves to read/write, they can't gain freedom by converting to christianity
what was the issue with the head right system?
masters become greedy and create great merchant planters and don't give indentured servants their freedom dues, even after freedom servants had no where to go
where did the separatists end up?
missed virginia and landed in plymouth, MA
what happened to the south's social structure as slavery expanded?
more gaps
what did charles ii do to the colonies?
more involved than charles i, chartered rhode island and connecticut, took away massachusset Bay's charter
who were apart of the middle colonies?
new york, new jersey, delaware, pennsylvania
what was the gov like in pennsylvania?
no tax paid to church, freedom of religion for all, death penalty only for treason/murder, no military, no immigration restriction, no black slavery, very accepting, civil liberty/economic opportunity, use of blue laws (repress ungodly behavior)
what was the quaker-indian policy?
non-quaker english migrated here and disregarded the indian policy, especially the scots irish
what did english violence towards the pequot cause?
peqout war
who was anne hutchinson?
provided logaical reasoning to disprove puritan belief of predestination (holy life doesn't equal salvation), she was charged with antinomianism (high heresy charge) because she claimed her beliefs were based on things god had told her, banished and helped found rhode island
who was thomas hooker?
puritan who founded connecticut river colony and created the fundamental orders (constitution for democracy)
what are king henry's followers called?
puritans: total purification of english christianity and want to de-catholicize the church of england
how did race shape society?
racial discrimination overruled the economic portion of the slave trade, slavery shaped relations and freedom or unfreedom was determined on your skin color
what did the english do to the peqout tribe as english spread into connecticut areas?
set fire to pequot village
What did Sir Edmund Andros do?
stopped town meetings, heavy court, press, and school restrictions, tax illegally, revoked all land titles, enforced navigation laws --> CAUSED REVOLTS
what happened to bacon?
suddenly died of disease and berkely came back and took control again
what are the beliefs of protestants?
the bible is the only source of god's word
What was the Glorious Revolution?
the bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William iii and Mary ii and signed the english bill of rights (james' daughter)
What was King Philip's War?
the last major attempt by the natives to clear the settlers out, natives lost and killed
what did the middle colonies have in common?
their govs were a mix of new england and the south, known as the bread colonies, more ethnically mixed, religious tolerance, democracy
how did separatists get to america?
they negotiated with the Virginia Company and took the Mayflower to America
What made Pennsylvania different from other colonies?
truthful politicians, accept people of all classes and religion, liberal gov, lots of immigrants, indians and quakers coexist/do lots of things together here
what was the great english migration?
turmoil in england cause puritans to leave for massachussets (70,000 left)
how were separatists/pilgrims different from other puritans?
wanted to separate completely from the church of england
who worked on the lands in chesapeake?
white english people who were looking for work --> called INDENTURED SERVANTS
what were indentured servants promised?
work for 4-7 years and then get land and freedom (called FREEDOM DUES)