RED CROSS (Adult, Child and Baby First Aid/CPR/AED)

Risk of catching a disease when giving first aid is very (low, med, high)?

Low

When giving abdominal thrusts, how should you position your hands?

Make a fist with your first hand and place the thumb side against the womans stomach just above her navel; cover her fist with her second hand

When using an AED, what is very important to do while the AED is analyzing

Make sure everyone stands clear

What is important to determine before giving sugar by mouth to the person experiencing a diabetic emergency? Select 3 answers.

Make sure the person is awake. Make sure the person can follow simple commands. Make sure the person can chew and swallow.

When placing pediatric AED pads on an infant, you should use which of the following pad placements?

One pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back, between the shoulder blades

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of a heart attack?

Persistent chest pain

Acronym for S.A.M

Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications and medical problems

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care?

Wash your hands after taking off your gloves, Avoid touching other surfaces.

Define febrile seizure

With the onset of a fever, children and infants can have a sudden rise in temperature.

How can you lower your risk for infection when giving breaths?

a breathing barrier

A first aid responder is applying direct pressure to a person with life-threatening bleeding on the lower leg. A bystander has returned with a bleeding control kit. What should the responder do next?

a tourniquet should be applied as soon as one is available.

Define a childs age category

age of 1 to the onset of puberty

What are you legally required to do before you touch a person when responding to an emergency?

ask for consent

What are the emergency action steps?

check, call, care

Which of the following are components of high-quality CPR?

compression rate: 100-120 per minute compression depth: 2 inches Chest position between compressions: returns to normal minimize interruptions to: 10 seconds breaths: last about 1 second, chest begins to rise

Define an adolescents age category

defined as someone from the onset of puberty through adulthood

When you check a responsive person who does not have a life-threatening emergency, what should you do after asking them questions about their signs and symptoms, allergies and medications/medical conditions?

do a focus check

During your interview of the person using SAM, they told you that they have a lot of pain in their left arm and that it is throbbing. What should you do next?

do a focused check of their left arm to look for signs of an injury.

What is a fever?

elevated body temperature above the normal range of 100.4° F (38° C).

If a person is responsive and fully awake, you should place them in a recovery position while you wait for EMS to arrive and begin their care of the person? True or false?

false - Place a person who is responsive and fully awake in a position of comfort.

recovery position

for a person who experiences a sudden illness. should be used for a person who is unresponsive but breathing or who responds but is not fully awake.

position of comfort

for a person who is responsive and fully awake

Which of the following are examples of life-threatening sudden illnesses? Select 2 answers.

heart attack, asthma attack, anaphylaxis, diabetic emergency, seizures, shock, opioid overdose and stroke.

During an emergency, what should you check first?

if the scene is safe

PPE

personal protective equipment

what amount of flow is considered life threatening in bleeding?

spurting and/or flowing continuously are signs of life-threatening bleeding.

You are using an AED on an older adult in cardiac arrest. They are wearing a sweatshirt. You need to remove the sweatshirt before you place the pads on the chest. True or False?

true -Remove all clothing covering the chest as needed to place the AED pads. The shock should be delivered from the pads directly to the person's skin.

Which of the following would indicate cardiac arrest?

unresponsiveness, no breathing or only gasping

What is the best approach to lowering the risk for infection when giving first aid care?

wash your hands after care

To assist the person with their medication:

- Explain to the person or family member what you are going to do. - Offer to get their medication. - Ask them to confirm that you have the right medication. - Assemble the medication device, if necessary. - Give them the medication to self-administer.

Signs and symptoms of stroke include:

- Facial weakness on one side of the body - Arm or grip weakness on one side of the body - Speech disturbances

Care for the person in shock:

- Have them assume a position of comfort or lie flat on their back. - Maintain body temperature. - Do not give them anything to eat or drink. - Provide reassurance. - Continue to monitor the person's condition.

If more than one responder is available and trained in CPR, when should the responders switch? Select 3 answers.

- When the original responder is tiring - About every 2 minutes - After every five cycles of CPR

After the shock is delivered (if advised), you should continue giving CPR until which of the following? Select 6 answers.

- You notice an obvious sign of life, like breathing. - The AED prompts you to analyze again. - Another trained responder is available to take over compressions. - EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person. - You are alone and too tired to continue. - The scene becomes unsafe.

Life-threatening signs and symptoms of poison exposure include:

- trouble breathing, breathing too fast, breathing too slow - - fast or slow heart rate; and unresponsiveness, - changes in level of responsiveness, seizures, headache, dizziness, weakness.

When giving chest compressions to an adult, what is the correct compression depth to use?

At least 2 inches

If your check of the person leads you to suspect that they are in cardiac arrest, which of the following actions are the correct actions you should take in the correct order of taking them

Call or send someone to call 9-1-1 and get an AED and first aid kit, Begin CPR; Use an AED

When drowning is the suspected cause of cardiac arrest, what should the responder do first?

Give 2 breaths

Items that reduce your risk of catching diease

Hand washing and PPE

When giving chest thrusts, where on the choking infant's chest should the responder give thrusts?

In the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line.

If the initial back blows did not remove the object. the woman is still choking. What should you do next?

Give abdominal thrusts

If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to give breaths during CPR, what is the best action to take?

Give continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute

Examples of life-threatening sudden illnesses include

Heart attack Asthma attack Anaphylaxis Diabetic emergency Seizures Shock Opioid overdose Stroke High fever in young children and infants Vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration in young children and infants

Which of the following is best to use when applying direct pressure to control life-threatening bleeding?

Hemostatic dressing

Which of the following are components of high-quality CPR for children? Select 3 answers.

Chest returns to normal position between each compression Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds Each breath lasts about 1 second; chest begins to rise

You are using an AED on an 82-year-old woman in cardiac arrest. She is frail and only weighs about 105 pounds, so you should use pediatric AED pads. True or False?

False - NEVER use pediatric AED pads on anyone older than 8 years of age or weighing more than 55 pounds (25 kg) because the shock delivered will not be sufficient.

Common causes of shock include:

Life-threatening bleeding Infection Anaphylaxis Any serious injury or illness

You are working a shift at the local farmer's market when you recognize that a 10-year-old shopping with their parent is choking. You check the scene for safety and approach the child. What do you need to do at this point?

Obtain consent from the parent (who is present) because the person is a minor.

When giving breaths to an adult, use the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to open the airway to which of the following positions?

Past-neutral

Vomiting and diarrhea in young children and infants can lead to which of the following? Select 2 answers.

Shock, Dehydration

f the person with a suspected opioid overdose is unresponsive and not breathing (cardiac arrest), which care step should you do first?

Immediately begin CPR!

A person who just completed a marathon on a windy, 54ºF day is at risk for hypothermia. True or False?

True - Hypothermia can occur when the weather is not cold, but the person experiences prolonged exposure to a wet or windy environment, wet clothes or sweating.

Define PPE and name 2 examples.

Personal protective equipment, Ex). latex free gloves, CPR breathing barriers, face shield, pocket mask

If you see an object in the infant's mouth, which finger(s) should you use to do a finger sweep?

Pinky finger

The three important steps when applying a windlass rod tourniquet are which of the following?

Pull, Twist, Clip

When giving chest compressions, the goal is to do which of the following?

Push hard and fast

You have a first aid kit and are about to give care to a co-worker who is unresponsive and not breathing. After calling 9-1-1 and getting equipment, what should you do before giving care, if possible?

Put on latex-free disposable gloves.

You are using a tourniquet to control life-threatening bleeding when the injured person cries out in pain. What should you do?

Reassure the person but continue to tighten the tourniquet until the bleeding stops or you cannot tighten it anymore.

How would you care for the person experiencing an asthma attack by assisting with administering quick-relief medication via an inhaler?

Shake the inhaler. Remove the mouthpiece cover and attach a spacing device if necessary. Give the device to the person. Encourage the person to use it as directed by their healthcare provider.

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include:

Signs of an allergic reaction (e.g., hives, nausea, vomiting) Swelling of the face, neck, tongue or lips Trouble breathing Shock A change in responsiveness

After recognizing that a person is in cardiac arrest (unresponsive and not breathing), you call 9-1-1 and send someone to get an AED. What is your next step?

Start CPR by giving chest compressions and breaths

signs and symptoms of poison exposure are not life-threatening?

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal skin color and sweating.

As part of general care for a person with an injury, it is important to keep the person from getting chilled or overheated. True or False?

true

When giving CPR to a person and waiting for EMS personnel to arrive, a bystander tells you to stop, saying, "it's no use and that looks hard." You continue because you know that is not a reason to stop CPR. True or False?

true

High Fever in a Young Child or an Infant Consult a healthcare provider if:

- The infant is younger than 3 months and has a fever of 100.4° F (38° C) or greater. - The child is younger than 2 years and has a fever of 102.5° F (39.2° C) or greater. - The child or infant has a febrile seizure. - The fever is associated with change in behavior or activity, (neck pain, poor feeding, decreased urination, trouble breathing, abdominal pain, pain with urination or back pain or a rash).

When giving high-quality CPR to an adult, you should give compressions at a depth of which of the following?

At least 2 inches

How long should you wash your hands

At least 20 seconds

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care?

Avoid touching other surfaces and wash your hands after taking off your gloves

Care for a responsive choking infant consists of giving

5 back blows 5 chest thrusts

When giving chest compressions to an infant, the rate is the same as for a child and an adult. However, what is the correct compression depth to use?

About 1 ½ inches

Which of the following images shows life-threatening bleeding? Select 2 answers.

Blood spurting from the wound Blood flowing continuously from the wound

You obtain consent, call 9-1-1 and continue checking a responsive person who is having trouble breathing. The person's lips are swelling, and they are scratching a bee sting on their arm. You notice a medical alert bracelet and they nod their head when you ask if they have an allergy. What do you suspect is wrong with the person and what care should you give?

The person is experiencing anaphylaxis. Assist them with administering epinephrine via an auto-injector.

A person who is responsive and breathing but not fully awake should be placed in a recovery position for which of the following reasons?

To lower their risk for choking and aspiration

Signs and symptoms of a diabetic emergency include:

Trouble breathing Fast and/or deep breathing Feeling weak or different or unresponsive Sweating Fast heartbeat

You are caring for a person experiencing an asthma attack. You have helped them administer their quick-relief medication via an inhaler. Ten minutes later, they are still having trouble breathing and EMS has not yet arrived. You should help the person administer a second dose of the medication. True or false?

True

You are caring for a person with life-threatening bleeding. You have applied a tourniquet and are waiting for EMS to arrive. The person becomes confused and irritable. You notice that their skin is very pale and feels moist. They complain that their heart is racing. The person is most likely experiencing shock. True or false?

True

Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include absence of sweating, exhaustion and confusion. True or false?

True - Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include moist, pale or flushed skin; absence of sweating; some degree of sweating; unresponsive; confusion; seizure; headache; nausea; dizziness; weakness; and exhaustion.

When placing AED pads on an adult, you should use which of the following preferred pad placements?

Upper right side of the chest and lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit

Where on a person's wound should a tourniquet be applied?

about 2 to 3 inches above the wound between the wound and the heart

If soap and water are not available, you can use which of the following instead to lower your risk for infection?

alcohol based sanitizer

When choosing the correct AED pads to use for a child, you know it is never ok to use pediatric AED pads for which age?

anyone over the age of 8 or who weighs over 55lbs

Care for the person experiencing a heart attack by assisting with what medication

aspirin

Cardiac arrest is often due to a blockage of the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the heart muscle (heart attack). However, it can also occur due to the effects of which of the following?

drowning, breathing emergency

When giving breaths during high-quality CPR, each breath should last about 1 second and make what happen?

each breath should last about 1 second and make the chest begin to rise.

You have just given a shock to a person in cardiac arrest. You should check to see if the person is breathing before starting CPR again. True or False?

false - As soon as the shock is delivered, or if no shock is advised, immediately start CPR, beginning with compressions. Even after a successful shock, a person will still have low flow and starting CPR immediately will help.

It is fine to enter an area where there is a chemical spill as long as you are very careful. True or False?

false - If you encounter fire, chemicals, exposed electrical wires or other hazards, do not enter the scene. Instead immediately call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so and follow your facility protocol.

What is your risk of getting infected with a disease while giving first aid care?

low risk

When giving breaths to an infant, use the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to open the infant's airway to which position?

neutral position

When giving breaths to a child, use the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to open the child's airway to which position?

slightly past neutral

Define infants age category

someone under the age of 1

In a small child or an infant, bleeding may be life-threatening when the amount of blood loss is less than about half of what a soda can obtains. True or False?

true

The person cut their arm while working on a job site. Blood is flowing steadily from the person's wound and pooling on the ground. This is life-threatening bleeding. True or False?

true

A young child burns their hand and wrist on a camp fire at a remote mountain camp site. They start screaming. You check to make sure the scene is safe and obtain consent from their parent. You notice that a large portion of their skin is white, and blisters are already formed. Which actions should you take? Select 3 answers.

- Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so -Cool the burn under clean, cool, running water for at least - 10 minutes, ideally 20 - Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing

Signs and symptoms of a head, neck or spinal injury include:

- Change in behavior or mental status (e.g., unresponsiveness, confusion, stumbling, repeatedly asking the same questions, memory loss, nausea or vomiting, or speech problems) - Head, neck or back pain or a visible injury - Loss of sensation or movement - Seizures - Crying - Inability to do activities that the person could previously do

You have been applying direct pressure to a wound on the person's lower back for several minutes, but the bleeding hasn't stopped, and EMS has not arrived. What should you do?

- Continue applying direct pressure until the bleeding stops, - another person relieves you, - you are too exhausted to continue - the situation becomes unsafe. Never use a tourniquet to stop bleeding from the head, neck or trunk.

Give care for a head, neck or spinal injury while waiting for EMS to arrive:

- Leave the person in the position they were found - Maintain the person's body temperature - Give care for other injuries that may be present

Signs and symptoms of a heart attack include:

- Persistent chest pain, pressure or squeezing - Isolated, unexplained discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw back or stomach - Dizziness or light-headedness - Trouble breathing, including shortness of breath - Pale, gray or bluish skin - Nausea or vomiting - Extreme fatigue - Sweating - A feeling of anxiety or impending doom - Unresponsiveness

Explain how to give backblows to a choking infant:

- Place the infant's back along your forearm - Place your other forearm on the infant's front, supporting the infant's jaw with your thumb and fingers. - Turn the infant to a face-down position and hold them along your forearm using your thigh for support and keeping the infant's head lower than their body. - Use the heel of your hand to give 5 firm back blows between the infant's shoulder blades. Each back blow should be separate from the others.

Infant chest thrusts

- Position the infant between your forearms, support the head and neck, and turn the infant face-up. - Lower the infant onto your thigh with their head lower than their chest - Place two fingers in the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line. - Give 5 quick chest thrusts about 1 ½ inches deep. Each chest thrust should be separate from the others. - Let the chest return to its normal position between each chest thrust, keeping your fingers in contact with the chest.

When giving high-quality CPR, you should minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds?

10 seconds

When giving high-quality CPR, you should give compressions at a rate of which of the following per minute?

100 to 120

Signs and symptoms of shock include:

A rapid, weak heartbeat Rapid breathing Pale (grayish), cool, moist skin Changes in levels of consciousness ranging from unresponsive to confused, restless or irritable Nausea or vomiting Excessive thirst

When giving chest thrusts to an infant, how deep should you press?

About 1 ½ inches.

When giving chest compressions to a child, the rate is the same as for an adult. However, what is the correct compression depth to use?

About 2 inches

If more than one responder is available and trained in CPR, when should the responders switch?

About every 2 minutes, After every five cycles of CPR, When the original responder is tiring

A child was running around the house and crashed into a full-length mirror, breaking the glass. You see that she has a wound on the back of her head and there is blood flowing steadily from it and starting to pool on the ground. After calling 9-1-1, what should you do?

Apply direct pressure.

What Stops Bleeding?

Applying firm, continuous pressure stops bleeding. Depending on the situation and the location of the wound, you can apply pressure using direct pressure, a tourniquet or both.

For purposes of CPR/AED, a child is defined as someone between which of the following?

Age of 1 year and onset of puberty

You have obtained consent and are checking a responsive person. You know you need to interview them first using SAM. What does SAM stand for?

Allergies, Signs and symptoms, Medications and medical conditions

You are working at an outdoor cafe on a hot summer day. Suddenly you hear a commotion at a nearby table. You make sure the scene is safe. As you approach the person you notice they appear responsive, but they are having trouble breathing. Which of the following sudden illnesses are you most likely to suspect? Select 3 answers.

Anaphylaxis, Asthma, Heart Attack

What would be the best thing to do if applying a tourniquet did not stop the person's bleeding?

Apply a second tourniquet, between the first tourniquet and the heart.

A 14-month-old toddler has life-threatening bleeding from a wound on her upper arm. After calling 9-1-1, which of the following is the appropriate care for this child?

Apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding.

someone is choking. you must now give care starting with 5 back blows. How should you position the women when giving back blows?

Bending the person at the waist so that their upper body is as parallel to the ground as possible helps both to remove the object and helps you to brace yourself if the person becomes unresponsive.

When giving back blows, where on the choking infant's back should the responder give back blows?

Between the infant's shoulder blades

how much blood is considered life threatening? Quantity

Bleeding may be life-threatening when the amount of blood present is equal to about half of what a soda can contains.

When using the encircling thumbs technique to give compressions to an infant, you would position your hands in which of the following ways?

Both thumbs placed side-by-side on the center of the infant's chest; other fingers encircle the infant's chest, toward the back

Which of the following is a common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants?

Breathing emergencies

Signs and symptoms of an opioid overdose include:

Decreased breathing effort, for example, breathing slowly and perhaps only a few times a minute Unresponsiveness Bluish or greyish colored skin Cardiac arrest

Your co-worker fell off of a tall ladder and hit their head quite hard. You can see they have a large lump and they are bleeding a lot. You suspect a potentially life-threatening injury. You tell them you are trained in first aid and want to help them. They tell you, no; that they are fine and it is no big deal. What should you do?

Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so.

You are working in a senior center when you hear a thud and someone yells out that a man has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the man appears unresponsive. What should you do next?

Check for responsiveness by using the shout-tap-shout sequence while checking for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions.

Explain Check - Call - Care

Check for safety, check the person, Call 911 or have someone else do it, Provide care after consent and to the best of your training.

When giving CPR to an infant, which of the following techniques may be used to give chest compressions

Encircling thumbs technique, One-hand technique

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of stroke?

FAST - Facial weakness on one side of the body. Arm weakness or grip weakness on one side of the body. Speech disturbance. Time that signs and symptoms of stroke started in a person.

The person tripped over a rock while hiking, fell and cut their leg. There is a slow trickle of blood from the cut on the person's leg. This is life-threatening bleeding. True or False?

False - The slow trickle suggests that the bleeding is not life-threatening.

Signs and symptoms of an asthma attack include:

Wheezing or coughing Rapid, shallow breathing or trouble breathing Being unable to talk without stopping for a breath in between every few words Anxiety and fear Change in behavior, including being unresponsive Sweating

When giving breaths to an infant with a face shield, you should cover which body parts of the infant with your mouth?

When giving breaths with a face shield, cover the infant's nose and mouth with your mouth.

how to assist in an overdose

You may assist a family member with administering naloxone to temporarily reverse the effects of opioids. Naloxone may be given via the nose using a nasal atomizer or nasal spray or via injection using an auto-injector.

Why is it important for you, the first aid responder, to ask questions using SAM and do a focused check of the responsive person?

You may be able to gather information that others may not be able to gather later, As time passes, the person may be less able to say things, It can help you to determine what care they may need.