Red Cross Health Test

What are three ways to protect yourself and the ill person when giving care?

1) latex free non pourus disposable gloves 2)CPR breathing barriers 3) wash hands after care

CPR for an adult

30 chest compressions ■place victim on a flat hard surface ■interlace your two hands and place the heal of your palm on the center of there chest with your shoulders directly over the victim ■push hard and for at least 2" adult about 2" child with 100-120 compressions per minute 2 rescue breaths ■Tilt head to past-neutral position; pinch nose shut and form seal over mouth ■keep one hand cupped around forehead with two fingers under chin

CPR for an infant

30 chest compressions ■place victim on a flat hard surface ■keep one hand cupped across infants forehead the WHOLE time ■Two fingers on center of chest, just below the nipple line ■push hard and compress for about 1'6" with 100-120 compressions per minute 2 rescue breaths ■Tilt head to neutral position; and form seal over mouth and nose ■keep one hand cupped around forehead with two fingers under chin

Caring for an infant who is choking

5 back blows then 5 abdominal thrusts until object is out of airway ■Back blows. Place your forearm along the infant's back, cradling the back of the infant's head with your hand. Place your other forearm along the infant's front, supporting the infant's jaw with your thumb and fingers. Turn the infant over so that he or she is face-down along your forearm. Lower your arm onto your thigh so that the infant's head is lower than his or her chest. Continue to support the infant's jaw with the thumb and fingers of one hand while you firmly strike the infant between the shoulder blades with the heel of your other hand. Keep your fingers up to avoid hitting the infant's head or neck. ■Chest thrusts. place one hand along the infant's back, cradling the back of the infant's head with your hand. While continuing to support the infant's jaw with the thumb and fingers of your other hand, support the infant between your forearms and turn the infant over so that he or she is face-up along your forearm. Lower your arm onto your thigh so that the infant's head is lower than his or her chest. Place the pads of two fingers in the center of the infant's chest, on the breastbone just below the nipple line. Press down about 1.5 inches and then let the chest return to its normal position, keeping your fingers in contact with the breastbone.

Caring for an adult choking

5 back blows then 5 abdominal thrusts until object is out of airway ■Back blows. To give back blows, position yourself to the side and slightly behind the person. Place one arm diagonally across the person's chest (to provide support) and bend the person forward at the waist so that the person's upper body is as close to parallel to the ground as possible. Firmly strike the person between the shoulder blades with the heel of your other hand. ■Abdominal thrusts. stand behind the person, with one foot in front of the other. Wrap your arms around the person's waist. Find the person's bellybutton by placing one finger on the person's bellybutton, and the adjacent finger above the first. Make a fist with your other hand and place the thumb side just above your fingers. Cover your fist with your other hand and give quick, inward and upward thrusts into the person's abdomen.

What are signs and symptoms for choking?

A person who is choking typically is... ■panicked, confused and surprised facial expression. ■place one or both hands on their throat. ■The person may cough or he or she may not be able to cough at all. ■You may hear high-pitched squeaking noises as the person tries to breathe, or nothing at all. ■If the airway is totally blocked, the person will not be able to speak, cry or cough. ■The person's skin may initially appear flushed (red), but will become pale or bluish in color as the body is deprived of oxygen. ■if they can cough they are getting enough oxygen

What is CPR

CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a skill that is used when a person is in cardiac arrest to keep oxygenated blood moving to the brain and other vital organs until advanced medical help arrives and consists of 30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths until AED or medical personal is there

When you see someone that needs care what is the first thing you should do?

Check the scene!

Recovery position

For an infant: ■ You can place an infant on his or her side as you would an older child, or you can hold the infant in a recovery position by positioning the infant face-down along your forearm, supporting the infant's head and neck while keeping the mouth and nose clear. For an adult: ■Extend the person's arm that is closest to you above the person's head. ■ Roll the person toward yourself onto his or her side, so that the person's head rests on his or her extended arm. ■ Bend both of the person's knees to stabilize the body.

Adult CPR

Giving CPR to an Adult ■1. Verify that the person is unresponsive and not breathing. ■Shout to get the person's attention, using the person's name if you know it. If the person does not respond, tap the person's shoulder and shout again while checking for normal breathing. ■If the person does not respond and is not breathing or only gasping, continue to step 2. ■2. Place the person on his or her back on a rm, at surface. Kneel beside the person. ■3. Give 30 chest compressions. ■Place the heel of one hand in the center of the person's chest, with your other hand on top. Position your body so that your shoulders are directly over your hands. ■Keeping your arms straight, push down at least 2 inches, and then let the chest return to its normal position. ■Push hard and push fast! Give compressions at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. ■4. Give 2 rescue breaths. ■Place the breathing barrier over the person's nose and mouth. ■Open the airway. (Put one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin and tilt the head back to a past-neutral position.) ■Pinch the nose shut and make a complete seal over the person's mouth with your mouth. ■Take a normal breath and blow into the person's mouth for about 1 second, looking to see that the chest rises. ■Take another breath, make a seal, then give the second rescue breath. ■5. Continue giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until: ■You notice an obvious sign of life. ■An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the AED. ■You have performed approximately 2 minutes of CPR (5 sets of 30:2) and another trained responder is available to take over compressions. ■EMS personnel take over. ■You are alone and too tired to continue. ■The scene becomes unsafe.

What is a reason that you would not be covered by the good samaritan laws?

If a lay responder's actions were grossly negligent or reckless, or if the responder abandoned the person after starting care, Good Samaritan laws may not protect the responder. For more information about your state's Good Samaritan laws, conduct an Internet search or contact a legal professional.

How do you check a child if they are unresponsive?

If the person appears to be unresponsive, shout, using the person's name if you know it. If there is no response, tap the person's shoulder or the bottom of the person's foot (if the person is an infant) and shout again while checking for normal breathing.

What do you do if the person is unresponsive?

If the person does not respond in any way and is not breathing or is only gasping, assume cardiac arrest. Send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to get an AED and first aid kit. Make sure the person is lying face-up on a firm, flat surface, such as the ground or floor. Immediately begin CPR (starting with compressions) and use an AED as soon as possible if you are trained in these skills.

What to do if the person is responsive?

If the person responds (such as by moving, opening his or her eyes or moaning) and is breathing normally, the person is responsive, but may not be fully awake. If the person is not fully awake but appears to be breathing normally, send someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and to obtain an automated external defibrillator (AED) and first aid kit. Gather more information by interviewing bystanders (using SAMPLE as a guide; see Figure 2-1) and doing a head-to-toe check. Then roll the person onto his or her side into the recovery position (Box 2-2).

when checking the scene what are you checking for?

Is the scene safe to enter? What happened? How many people are involved?

What to do if the breaths do not make the chest rise?

Never give more than 2 rescue breaths per set. If the first rescue breath does not cause the chest to rise, retilt the head to ensure that the airway is properly opened and ensure that the person's nose and mouth are properly sealed before giving the second rescue breath. If the second breath does not make the chest rise, an object may be blocking the person's airway. Give CPR with one modification: after each set of compressions and before giving rescue breaths, open the mouth, look for an object in the person's mouth, and if you see it, remove it with a single sweep.

What is implied consent?

Someone who is unresponsive, confused or mentally impaired may not be able to grant consent. In these cases, the law assumes the person would give consent if he or she were able to do so. This is called implied consent. Implied consent also applies when a minor needs emergency medical assistance and the minor's parent or guardian is not present.

Heart Attack and cardiac arrest?

They are both LIFE THREATENING ILLNESSES ■Chest pain, which can range from mild to unbearable. The person may complain of pressure, squeezing, tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest. The pain or discomfort is persistent, lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or going away and then coming back. It is not relieved by resting, changing position or taking medication. It may be difficult to distinguish the pain of a heart attack from the pain of indigestion, heartburn or a muscle spasm. ■Discomfort or pain that spreads to one or both arms, the back, the shoulder, the neck, the jaw or the upper part of the stomach ■Dizziness or light-headedness ■Trouble breathing, including noisy breathing, shortness of breath or breathing that is faster than normal ■Nausea or vomiting ■Pale, ashen (gray) or slightly bluish skin, especially around the face and fingers ■Sweating ■A feeling of anxiety or impending doom ■Extreme fatigue (tiredness) ■Unresponsiveness for a heart attack try 2 baby aspirin

How do you check a responsive person?

Use SAMPLE, S signs and symptoms A allergies M medications P pertinent medical history L last food or drink E Events leading up the the incident

What are three good samaritan laws?

■ Move a person only if the person's life were in danger. ■Ask a responsive person (or the parent or guardian of a minor) for permission to help (consent) before giving care. ■Check the person for life-threatening conditions before giving further care. ■Call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number. ■Continue to give care until more highly trained personnel take over.

Why would you care first?

■An unresponsive infant or child younger than about 12 years whom you did not see collapse. ■A person who is choking. ■A person who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and has an epinephrine auto injector. ■A person who has severe, life-threatening bleeding.

Why would you ever stop giving care?

■Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over. ■You are too exhausted to continue. ■The scene becomes unsafe.

When would you call first?

■Any person about 12 years or older who is unresponsive. ■A child or an infant whom you witnessed suddenly collapse. ■An unresponsive child or infant known to have heart problems.

How do you check an adult if they are unresponsive?

■If the person appears to be unresponsive, shout, using the person's name if you know it. If there is no response, tap the person's shoulder ■Check for responsiveness and breathing for no more than 5 to 10 seconds. If the person does not respond to you in any way (such as by moving, opening his or her eyes, or moaning) and the person is not breathing or is only gasping, the person is unresponsive.

How do you obtain consent from the injured or sick person of guardian in a minor?

■State your name. ■State the type and level of training that you have (such as training in first aid or CPR). ■Explain what you think is wrong. ■Explain what you plan to do. ■Ask if you may help.

Why would you call an EMS system?

■Unresponsiveness or an altered level of consciousness (LOC), such as drowsiness or confusion ■Breathing problems (trouble breathing or no breathing) ■Chest pain, discomfort or pressure lasting more than a few minutes that goes away and comes back or that radiates to the shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, stomach or back