REGENTS REVIEW

The diagram below represents one possible immune response that can occur in the human body. The structures that are part of the immune system are represented by

A & C, only.

The energy released when sugar molecules are broken down is stored in

ATP.

The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed below. Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication?

Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine.

Which label correctly identifies what X represents in the concept map?

Autotrophic cell.

Scientists studying ocean organisms are discovering new and unusual species. Which observation could be used to determine that an ocean organism carries out autotrophic nutrition?

Chloroplasts are visible inside the cells.

The kidney is an organ that collects wastes and excess water from the blood and sends them to the bladder where they are stored before being removed from the body. Which two systems work together to perform this function?

Circulatory and excretory.

A single cell and a multicellular organism are represented below. Which structures are correctly paired with their primary function?

D and F—gas exchange

Which result of technological advancement has a positive effect on the environment?

Development of equipment that uses solar energy to charge batteries.

Which condition would cause an ecosystem to become unstable?

Only heterotrophic organisms remain after a change in the environment.

Which statement best describes the organelles in a cell?

Organelles must work together and their activities must be coordinated.

Identify two biological processes that are responsible for the production of varying amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen within the aquatic ecosystem.

Processes: Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis.

State one example of experimental results that would indicate that acid rain, which has a pH between 4.5 and 4.0, could be responsible for a decrease in the number of young maple trees in some forest regions.

The control group having 170 seeds that germinated, while the experimental group only had 100 seeds germinate.

Identify the dependent variable

The germination of the seeds.

A scientist conducted an experiment to test the hypothesis that maple seeds exposed to acid rain will take longer to germinate than seeds exposed to normal rain, which has a pH of 5.6. The scientist sets up four groups, each containing 200 maple seeds. The water used for each group had a different pH value: 5.6, 4.0, 3.0, and 2.0. All other conditions were kept the same. After ten days, the number of seeds that had germinated in each group was counted. Identify the control group in this experiment.

The group exposed to normal rainwater.

A student fills a dialysis membrane bag with a mixture of red dye, yellow dye, and water. He soaks the bag in pure water for 24 hours and then observes that the water outside the bag turns red. Which statement best explains the results of this experiment?

The yellow dye molecules are smaller than the red dye molecules.

The calcium concentration in the root cells of certain plants is higher than in the surrounding soil. Calcium may continue to enter the root cells of the plant by the process of

active transport.

The diagram below represents the results of the net movement of a specific kind of molecule across a artificial cell membrane. The movement of molecules from side A to side B is an example of the process of

active transport.

Which sequence represents structures organized from most complex to least complex?

d. oak tree → leaf → guard cell → chloroplast

Years after the lava from an erupting volcano destroyed an area, grasses started to grow in that area. The grasses were gradually replaced by shrubs, evergreen trees, and finally, by a forest that remained for several hundred years. This entire process is an example of

ecological succession.

Young birds that have been raised in isolation from members of their species build nests characteristic of their species. This suggests that the nest-building behavior is

genetically inherited from parents.

Imported animal species often disrupt an ecosystem because in their new environment, they will most likely

have no natural enemies.

An organelle that releases energy for metabolic activity in a nerve cell is the

mitochondrion.

The processes of diffusion and active transport are both used to

move molecules into or out of cells of the body.

The only finch that is completely carnivorous has a beak adapted for

probing, only.

A function of cell membranes in humans is the

recognition of certain chemicals.

During periods of vigorous physical activity, a person's breathing and heart rates increase. This enables the cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to

remove waste products faster.

Vaccinations help prepare the body to fight invasions of a specific pathogen by

stimulating antibody production.