REGISTRY REVIEW
Which of the following medications should be withheld from patients who have diabetes on the day of their iodinated contrast study and for at least 48 hours afterward to avoid the potential development of lactic acidosis? furesomide (Lasix) insulin metformin diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl)
metformin
The data contained in a digital image is ________ data.
numerical
A radiograph that demonstrates acceptable brightness along one side of the image but NOT on the opposite side represents a(n) ________ error.
off-level grid
On a PA axial projection of the mandibular rami, the ________ line should be perpendicular to the image receptor for accurate flexion.
orbitomeatal (OML)
Which of the following bones are part of the orbit?
palatine, lacrimal, and maxilla
The outer portion of the double-walled sac in the abdominal cavity is called the:
parietal peritoneum.
The number of bits per pixel is:
quantization
Which of the following examinations was designed to acquire images of immobilized trauma patients' elbows?
radial head and coronoid process - axiolateral projection - Coyle method
Information that must be included on all radiographic images includes all of the following except: right or left side marker patient's name or ID number radiographer's name date of exam
radiographer's name
Medical imaging order entry and scheduling of imaging visits occurs in the:
radiology information system (RIS)
When the x-ray beam is NOT properly aligned with the grid strips the ________ is changed.
receptor exposure
Which of the following is the correct circuitry sequence for incoming voltage in a high-frequency generator?
rectifier, capacitor, inverter, transformer, rectifier, capacitor
Typically, a protocol of the first digit, or thumb, contains anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and posteroanterior (PA) oblique projections. The thumb is imaged using an AP projection rather than a PA projection to:
reduce magnification of the thumb.
The ________ is a collection of disc drives that perform together as a single unit and improve reliability of data storage.
redundant array of independent disks (RAID)
The ________ is the portion of the rotating anode x-ray tube that does not move.
stator
A 25-gauge, 0.5-inch needle is BEST used for a(n) ________ injection.
subcutaneous
The ________ tendon inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus.
subscapularis
On an axiolateral projection of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), the patient's head is placed in a lateral position with the TMJ of interest closest to the image receptor. The central ray is angled caudally about 30°. On the image, the TMJ of interest will be projected ________ to the other TMJ.
superiorly
The temporal mandibular joint (TMJ) is a ________ joint.
synovial hinge and gliding
An emergency department patient arrives in the radiology department. The patient seems stable but is breathing rapidly. The technologist communicates this concern to the radiologist as:
tachypnea.
The effective focal spot size is affected by which of the following?
target angle
All of the following are inappropriate sites for venipuncture EXCEPT FOR:
the dorsal side of the wrist.
For children older than 3 years, bone age is MOST commonly determined by comparing a radiograph of ________ with a set of reference images.
the hand and wrist.
When acquiring a lateral projection of the finger, it is important to keep the finger parallel to the image receptor because in this position:
the joint spaces are perpendicular to the image receptor and open on the resulting image.
For a PA projection of the chest, the central ray is adjusted parallel to _______ and enters at the level of ________.
the midsagittal plane; T7
Anteroposterior (AP) oblique images of the chest can be used when a patient is too ill for upright or prone positioning. When the patient is in a 45° right posterior oblique (RPO) position:
the right lung field is best displayed.
When a patient is in a 45° left anterior oblique position:
the right lung field is best displayed.
The central ray enters the ________ when performing an AP axial projection of the toes.
third metatarsophalangeal joint
Which of the following are considered moderate reactions to iodinated contrast media? 1. nausea and vomiting 2. wheezing 3. pronounced skin reactions
2 & 3
Exposure of an embryo or fetus to radiation from _____________ is MOST likely to result in a skeletal abnormality.
3 weeks to 20 weeks of development
Drugs that are administered intramuscularly require that the needle be inserted at a ________ angle.
90°
When electrons bombard the target, ______ % of their kinetic energy is converted to heat
99
A 51-year-old female patient has been experiencing pain in her abdominal area, unusual bowel movements, and recurrent urinary tract infections. The referring physician has ordered a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), upper GI, and barium enema for the patient. The patient wants to have the studies completed over 2 days. In what order should the studies be conducted?
VCUG, barium enema, upper GI
________ is the local processing function of renumbering pixel values for an entire image domain.
Windowing
Indrect digital systems use a scintillator . What is that composed of?
Zinc cadmium sulfide
Which one of the following DQE measurements identifies an image receptor with the greatest efficiency? 1.2 .9 .7 .3
.9
When an exposure is made using 69 kVp, ______%of the primary beam consists of characteristic x- rays.
0
The minimum lead equivalent requirement for gonadal shielding is
0.25 mm
According to government regulations, the x-ray beam must be within ________ degree(s) of perpendicular.
1
The leakage radiation limit for x-ray tubes is less than _______ mgy/hr at 1 meter from the tube housing.
1
An increase in collimation in fluoroscopy decreases: 1. integral dose. 2. image quality. 3. scatter production.
1 & 3
Which are the appropriate methods to ensure the correct drug is administered to the patient? 1. Confirm the correct medication. 2. Record the time and date of administration. 3. Check the label at least 3 times.
1 and 3
The average oxygen delivery rate via nasal cannula for a patient who is having a difficult time breathing and does NOT have a documented lung disease is:
1 to 6 L/min.
Which of the following are important components in documenting drug administration? 1. time and date of the drug administration 2. patient's reaction to the medication 3. route of drug administration
1, 2 and 3
According to the American College of Radiology, which of the following are indications for obtaining a skeletal survey? 1. suspected nonaccidental trauma 2. skeletal dysplasias, syndromes, and metabolic disorders 3. neoplasms
1, 2, and 3
Generally speaking, the dose to staff standing 1 meter from the patient is approximately ______ of the incident exposure.
1/1,000
Exposure of an embryo or fetus to radiation from ________________ can result in congenital abnormalities.
10 days to 6 weeks of development
Which of the following radiographic evaluation criterion demonstrates proper inspiration on a PA projection of the chest?
10 posterior ribs visible above diaphragm
The typical flow rate for drip infusion drug administration is ________ drops per minute.
10 to 20
A bit depth of ________ bits produces an image with the greatest contrast resolution. 8 10 12 14
14
Which of the following is a guideline used to reduce personnel and patient dose during fixed fluoroscopy? 30 Roentgens (R)/min maximum tabletop exposure rate 15-inch minimum SSD minimum filtration of 1.5 mm aluminum equivalent 0.5 mm primary protective barrier
15-inch minimum SSD
Which of the following are properties of positive contrast agents? 1. composed of low-atomic number elements 2. increase x-ray attenuation 3. produce areas of decreased density on the image
2 and 3
A small bowel series on a patient with normal intestinal motility usually is completed within approximately:
2 hours.
The central ray entrance point for an AP oblique projection, or Grashey method, of the shoulder is:
2 inches medial and 2 inches inferior to the superolateral border of the scapula.
The exposure field size and image receptor size selected must be within ______ of the source-to-image distance.
2%
Which of the following are true regarding the photoelectric effect? 1. high energy photon gives up all of its energy ejecting an outer shell electron 2. occurs in absorbers having a high atomic number 3. major contributor of personnel dose
2. occurs in absorbers having a high atomic number
The potential difference in a circuit of 20 amperes and 10 ohms is ________ volts (V).
200
For a lateral projection of the knee, the patient's leg is flexed:
20° to 30°.
A barium enema bag usually is hung no higher than ________ above a patient's rectum.
24 inches
The LD50 for humans is approximately _______ Gy
3.5
A patient is rotated ________ for contrast urography oblique positions.
30°
The central ray is angled ________ in a ________ direction for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction.
30° to 35°; cephalad
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is _______ degrees
35-45
The souce-to-skin distance must be no less than _______ cm on stationary fluoroscopes.
38
The rotating anode target material that is responsible for helping to cool and conduct electrons through the x-ray circuitry is comprised of how many materials from the list below? tungsten thorium rhenium molybdenum graphite
4
When performing the Rafert-Long method scaphoid series, the radiographer positions the patient's wrist in extreme ulnar deviation and acquires a series of ______ PA and PA axial images with varying central ray angulations.
4
X-ray tubes are operated at or above ______ kVp to avoid being space-charge limited.
40
For a superoinferior axial inlet projection/Bridgeman method, the radiographer should direct the central ray ______________, entering at the midsagittal plane and the level of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
40° caudad
For the right anterior oblique (RAO) position during an upper GI examination, the patient should be rotated approximately:
40° to 70°.
How much is the body rotated for a PA oblique projection of the shoulder?
45-60
For an image of the chest with a patient in a decubitus position, the patient should be in position for ________ prior to the exposure so that fluid can settle and air can rise.
5 minutes
The central ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is :
5-7 degrees cephalad
The maximum annual exposure for the general population is ____ mSv/year, which is ____ that permissible for occupationally exposed individuals.
5; 1/10
The minimum length of the exposure cord for mobile x-ray units is:
6 feet
Using a 75 kVp x-ray beam with a 0.25 mm lead-equivalent apron provides protection from _______ of the beam.
66%
Typical grid ratios found in fluoroscopic units are:
6:1 to 10:1.
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic vertebrae, a radiographer should place the patient in a ________ position.
70° oblique
The angle of the anode in the region of the target has a variation of ________ ° to ________ °.
7; 20
The pearson method is an AP projection of the:
AC joints
Using the anode heel effect would be MOST advantageous when acquiring a(n) ________ image. lateral skull AP T-spine PA wrist Lateral tib fib
AP T -Spine
The 3 projections taken for a long-bone measurement (scanography technique) of the lower extremity include:
AP hip, AP knee, and AP ankle
Which ankle projection must be acquired to see an open distal tibiofibular joint?
AP oblique with 45° medial rotation
Which of the following are common pediatric fractures? Salter Harris Plastic Supracondylar
All of these
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding standard precautions for venipuncture?
All patients are potentially infected with bloodborne pathogens.
The lesser tubercle is situated on which surface of the humerus?
Anterior
Which of the following is another term for use factor (U)?
Beam direction factor
A fracture at the base of the first metacarpal is a ________ fracture.
Bennett
For conventional fluoroscopy, the light intensities must be converted by the ________ to be viewed on a television monitor.
CCD
Blood and body f luid recommendations are issued by the ______
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Which of the following is the unit of measure for display monitor luminance?
Cd/m2
Which of the following curves illustrates the radiation sensitivity of a particular type of cell?
Cell survival curve
The ________ x-ray interaction is MOST common in the human body.
Compton
Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning operator consoles?
Consoles are supplied with high voltage.
Which would not affect spatial resolution in CR imaging? Laser beam size Phosphor size DEL size Image plate size
DEL size
The most radiosensitive macromolecule is ?
DNA
Patient dose from diagnostic x-rays is most often reported in ________.
Entrance skin exposure
The ratio of a pixel's total size to its actual collection area is known as the:
Fill factor
Unit for Absorbed dose?
Gray
Which of the following is an impacted fracture of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head?
Hill-Sachs lesion
Pixel Pitch affects?
How far the pixels are from each other ,t he further the worse the resolution
Common reactions to contrast media include: I. warmth II. flushing III. anaphylactic reaction
I & II
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the GI tract? I. Air II. Barium Sulfate III. Water - soluble iodinated solution
I & II & III
A shadow shield could be used in which situations? I. Fluoro II. Sterile fields III. Scoliosis series
II & III
Which of the following is not affected by a change in SID? Spatial resolution Image contrast Amount of radiation reaching the IR Magnification
Image contrast
Spatial resolution is improved with:
Increased pixel density
How does an increase in kVp affect the keV of the characteristic interaction?
Increasing kVp does not affect the keV of the interaction.
Which of the following is prominently shown in profile on an AP projection of the shoulder with the humerus in internal rotation?
Lesser tubercle
When evaluating an image of the pelvis, the radiographer notes that there is maximum demonstration of the lesser trochanters. Was this patient positioned correctly for a non-trauma AP projection of the pelvis?
No, because the femoral necks are not parallel with the image receptor.
________ is the MOST important factor in controlling size distortion.
Object-to-image distance (OID)
________ is the primary cause of decreased spatial resolution on radiographs.
Patient motion
A standard pattern made to measure the resolution of digital display systems is called the __________.
SMPTE pattern
A protective curtain, or sliding panel , with a minimum of 0.25mm lead equivalent, should noramlly be positioned between the fluoroscopist and the patient to intercept which of the following radiation?
Scattered radiation above the tabletop.
A ________ is used to assess display monitors.
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) test pattern
Pixel density affects?
Spatial resolution. Increase density = smaller pixel size = increase spatial resolution
Radiation induced deterministic effects in humans follow a ________ dose -response relationship
Threshold, nonlinear
The ________ grid design is manufactured to match the divergence of the x-ray beam.
focused
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of fluoroscopy equipment designed specifically to reduce the amount of scatter radiation striking personnel? a protective curtain a Bucky slot cover collimation a cumulative timer
a cumulative timer
For a submentovertical projection of the zygomatic arches, the central ray is perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) and enters the throat at:
a level 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus.
The MOST common subcutaneous sites for drug injections are the:
abdomen and outer thighs.
When positioning for an AP projection of the scapula, the arm on the affected side should be ________ at a right angle to the body. This frees the _______ portion of the scapula of superimposition from the ribs.
abducted; lateral
Projectile electrons are focused on the ________ for x-ray production to take place.
actual focal spot
The purpose of a technique chart is to:
adhere to ALARA principles.
What type of complication can occur with the administration of negative contrast agents?
air emboli
A detector used for direct capture in digital radiography is made up of:
amorphous selenium.
A 70-year-old man is scheduled for pelvic radiography. He is in a wheelchair and the patient tells the technologist that he can move from the wheelchair to the table with the radiographer's assistance. This type of transfer is called:
an assisted standing pivot transfer.
The ________ receives electrons immediately after they are read out from an imaging detector.
analog-to-digital converter
During selection of the focal spot size, the radiographer is really determining the:
angle of the anode used
An examination requisition states that the next patient is blind. When providing instructions for a chest radiograph, the technologist should:
ask the patient how they would like to receive instructions.
A 65-year-old man arrives for a barium enema. He confirms that he completed the prep and is extremely weak and feeling "wobbly." Upon standing to get to the examination table, the patient experiences syncope. The technologist should:
assist the patient to a recumbent position and elevate his feet.
If a technologist notices an occurrence such as an accident or emergency in a health care facility that could be potentially harmful to a patient, staff, or visitors, the technologist should immediately:
assist the person affected.
Kilovoltage peak (kVp) is selected at the:
autotransformer.
While performing intravenous drug injections, it is necessary to decrease the angle of the needle once a flashback is seen in the intravenous catheter to:
avoid passing through the vein.
All of the following EXCEPT _______________can be used to monitor occupational exposure. a.optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters b.dose-area product meters c.thermoluminescent dosimeters d.film badges
b.dose-area product meters
Subject contrast is affected by:
barium.
The ________ vein is BEST suited for venipuncture.
basilic
An air-gap technique can be used in place of a grid in some instances because of:
beam divergence.
The formula 2^n represents:
bit depth
The ________ of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the heads of the ribs.
bodies
A patient is injected with a large volume of fluid intravenously; this is called a(n):
bolus.
The junction between the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull is called the:
bregma
The ________ is the portion of the x-ray tube that possesses a negative charge and aligns the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode in the x-ray tube.
focusing cup
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding venipuncture for a normal adult? a.The vein is stabilized by placing a thumb on the tissue just below the site and gently pulling the skin and vein toward the patient's hand. b.The needle should be held with the bevel facing upward. c.The needle should be inserted into the vein at a 45° angle. d.A tourniquet should be applied above the site using sufficient tension to impede the flow of blood in the vein.
c.The needle should be inserted into the vein at a 45° angle. it should be 15-30
Charge created in the amorphous silicon layer is collected at the:
capacitor.
A double-contrast examination of the esophagus typically uses________ as the negative contrast medium.
carbon dioxide crystals
The ________ sphincter prevents reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus.
cardiac
The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the:
cardiac orifice
Which image display monitor works by accelerating electrons toward a fluorescent screen?
cathode ray tube
What component is commonly replacing the vidicon camera found in older fluoroscopic units?
charge-coupled device
A malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells is a(n):
chondrosarcoma.
Which of the following is a type of primary shielding? lead apron shadow shield shaped contact shield collimation
collimation
A wedge filter is a type of ________ filter.
compensating
All of the following EXCEPT ________ minimize patient exposure. compensating filters lead aprons communication collimation
compensating filters
A radiographer receives an order from the emergency department for a right hand radiograph on a 62- year-old man. The indication is to rule out a third metacarpophalangeal joint fracture. The patient is unable to extend his fingers fully when trying to position the hand for the PA projection. The radiographer should:
consider an AP projection of the hand.
Bit depth affects?
contrast, The greater the bit depth, the greater the number of tones (grayscale or color) that can be represented, the greater the contrast resolution
The primary structures shown when demonstrating the elbow using the Coyle method is the:
coronoid process and radial head
Which of the following is NOT an effective way to predict risk of a patient falling in the radiology department? a.watch the patient closely to assess the amount of assistance the patient might need b.look for fall hazards such as socks without grips, untied shoes, or a long hospital gown c.inquire about a patient's fasting status and use of sedatives d.ask the patient's family if they are at risk of falling
d.ask the patient's family if they are at risk of falling
When acquiring an AP projection of the knee on a patient who measures 18 cm from the anterior superior iliac spine to the tabletop, the central ray should be:
directed 3° to 5° caudad.
PA oblique projection of the shoulder (Scapular Y) is performed to evaluate:
dislocations
The joint located between the distal and middle phalanx of toes 2-5 is the ________ joint.
distal interphalangeal
A common fracture site for an elderly person with osteoporosis is the:
distal radius
A dose area product (DAP) meter measures dose using all the following EXCEPT: number of ionizations. field size. distance. number of photons.
distance
The misrepresentation of the size or shape of an object is referred to as:
distortion.
Data showing radiation-induced human genetic abnormalities __________.
does not exist
All of the following affect tube output EXCEPT FOR: focal spot size. target material. filtration. kilovoltage peak (kVp).
focal spot size.
Upon entering the room with a patient, you recognize the patient is depressed, and suppress your state of happiness to meet the needs of the patient. What is this action representative of?
emotional intelligence
A patient is having a severe anaphylactic reaction to iodinated contrast media. Her face is beginning to swell and her speech is becoming hoarse and she says it feels like her "throat is closing up." An appropriate medication for this emergency would be:
epinephrine . (It can treat severe asthma attacks and allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) in an emergency situation)
Which of the following is a cranial bone that is also part of the orbit? ethmoid lacrimal zygoma palatine
ethmoid
What is hypervolemia?
excess fluid in the blood
The total electrical charge generated by an x-ray beam per unit mass of air is called:
exposure
When using magnification mode during fluoroscopy:
exposure increases and spatial resolution increases.
If the center cell is selected for an anteroposterior (AP) lumbar spine, the MOST likely response of the automatic exposure control (AEC) if the spine is not over the ion chamber is that:
exposure time will decrease.
If ________ occurs, applying pressure to the injection site can help relieve patient discomfort.
extravasation
Which of the following is considered a late nonstochastic effect? fibrosis cancer birth defect increased fertility
fibrosis
All of the following are located in the secondary x-ray circuit EXCEPT for: rectifiers the anode filaments stators
filaments
Scatter production is affected by: object-to-image distance. patient motion. filtration. grid ratio.
filtration
The ________ detector consists of a thin-film transistor array.
flat-panel
The ________ measurement is an average calculated from the gonadal dose received by the entire population; the measurement is used to determine the effect of radiation exposure on future offspring.
genetically significant dose
The base layer of a flat-panel detector is made of:
glass.
A typical cervical vertebra will have a spinous process that: is long and projects inferiorly. is thick and blunt. contains a foramen. has a bifid tip.
has a bifid tip
Blood vessels, the ureters, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit the kidney through the:
hilum
Which of the following surgical procedures require the C-arm to be positioned between the patient's legs? Tibia nailing Operative cholangiography hip pinning knee replacement
hip pinning
Inpatient billing, diagnostic report generation, imaging order entry, and scheduling of all diagnostic service visits occurs in the:
hospital information system (HIS).
Children have epiphyseal plates made of ________ that can be evaluated as part of normal chronologic age for bone age analysis.
hyaline cartilage
A 58-year-old man is in the radiology department for an upper GI series (UGI). He has followed nothing by mouth (NPO) instructions and has diabetes. When the radiographer stands the patient to position him for the upright portion of the study, the patient says he is dizzy and feeling weak. He took his morning medications along with his normal dose of insulin. The patient MOST likely is experiencing ________, and the radiographer should ________.
hypoglycemia; give the patient something sweet such as fruit juice
the internal oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet method) demonstrates the __________ column and _________ rim of the acetabulum
iliopubic ; posterior
The _________ is the primary protective barrier for the fluoroscopic x-ray tube
image intensifier
As image compression ratio increases:
image quality degrades.
Which one of the following statements is TRUE about source-to-image distance (SID)? increasing SID decreases contrast increasing SID increases spatial resolution decreasing SID increases photoelectric absorption decreasing SID decreases receptor exposure
increasing SID increases spatial resolution
A technologist acquires an image without a primary beam restrictor, and then repeats the image using the device. To maintain exposure to the image receptor for the second image, the technologist must modify the technical factors by:
increasing technique.
All of the following EXCEPT ________ will result in an increase in AEC response time. increasing the focal spot size decreasing the kVp increasing the part thickness increasing the source-to-image distance (SID)
increasing the focal spot size
According to the emission spectra below, an increase in kVp affects the characteristic interaction by:
increasing the number of interactions.
The _____________ shows the lesser tubercle of the humerus in profile and directed anteriorly.
inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence method)
When blood or the medication injected into a vessel leaks out, it is called:
infiltration
For a submentovertical projection of the zygomatic arches, the ________ line should be as close as possible to parallel with the image receptor for accurate extension.
infraorbitomeatal (IOML)
For a lateral projection of the cranium, the ________ line is perpendicular to the front edge of the image receptor.
infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)
When acquiring a lateral projection of the first/great toe, the central ray enters the: proximal interphalangeal joint. distal interphalangeal joint. interphalangeal joint. third metatarsophalangeal joint.
interphalangeal joint.
Which of the following urography examinations demonstrates the physiologic function of the urinary system? intravenous urography percutaneous antegrade pyelography retrograde urography cystography
intravenous urography
The prolapse of one part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into the lumen of an adjacent part of the GI tract is known as:
intussusception.
The ________ is an automatic exposure device that uses a gas-filled container.
ionization chamber
The ejection of an electron from an atom or molecule is known as:
ionization.
For the optimum image of the right kidney during urography, what position should a patient should be in?
left posterior oblique (LPO)
Which 2 positions place the patient in such a way that barium sulfate can be seen in the fundus region of the stomach for a double-contrast upper GI examination?
left posterior oblique and supine
The AP axial projection of the C-spine must demonstrate:
levels C3 through T2.
X rays are converted to _______ at the input phosphor of the image intensifier.
light
The photomultiplier tube in a phosphor plate reader system converts:
light to electrons
Unequal bone/limb growth is an indication for performing a:
long-bone measurement study.
The air-gap technique uses a ________ source-to-image distance (SID) and a ________ object-to-image distance (OID).
long; long
The lumbar spine has a normal curve that is ________, which is considered a ________ curve.
lordotic; secondary or compensatory
The operating console contains citcuits that are ______.
low voltage only
All of the following are quality control (QC) tests for photostimulable imaging detectors EXCEPT FOR:
luminance.
When evaluating an oblique image of the L-spine, the radiographer notices that the eye of the "Scottie dog" is projected on the anterior aspect of the vertebral body. This indicates that the:
patient was not rotated enough.
How is the central ray directed for the PA axial projection (homblad method) of the intercondylar fossa?
perpendicular to the lower leg
The __________ in the image intensifier emits electrons when it is stimulated by light photons.
photocathode
Frequent overloading of the tube will lead to:
pitted anode
The atlantoaxial joint between the dens of the axis and the anterior arch of the atlas is a(n) ________ joint.
pivot
In digital imaging ,spatial resolution is ultimately limited by
pixel size
The dimension from one side of a pixel to the other side of the same pixel is the measure of:
pixel size.
The sampling frequency of an imaging system determines the:
pixel size.
Personnel cumulative radiation monitoring is NOT performed with a(n): film badge. thermoluminescent dosimeter badge. optically stimulated luminescence badge. pocket ion chamber.
pocket ion chamber
What type of radiation dosimeter is likely to give inaccurate readings if it is not read each day?
pocket ion chamber
The hub of a needle is the:
point where the needle attaches to the syringe.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ARRT Standards of Ethics for Radiologic Technologists? statement of purpose code of ethics practice standards rules of ethics
practice standards
During the ________ stage of gestation, prenatal death can result from exposure to ionizing radiation.
preimplantation
During myelography, the patient's neck should be hyperextended when the contrast medium nears the cervical region of the spine to:
prevent the contrast medium from entering the cerebral ventricles.
When performing venipuncture, the technologist should stabilize the vein before inserting a needle for intravenous drug injection to:
prevent the vein from rolling before injection.
The central ray is directed to the ________ joint when performing a lateral projection of the fourth toe. proximal interphalangeal distal interphalangeal metatarsophalangeal tarsometatarsal
proximal interphalangeal
When obtaining a radiograph of the third digit on the hand, the central ray entrance point is the ________ on the affected digit.
proximal interphalangeal joint
The ________ risk model predicts that excess cancer deaths from irradiation will increase over time as the naturally occurring risk increases with age in the nonirradiated population.
relative
Radiation that exits the patient and is directed toward the receptor is referred to as ________ radiation.
remnant
A patient develops erythema in the shape of the exposure field following an interventional procedure. The legal doctrine MOST relevant to this injury would be:
res ipsa loquitur.
Which type of urography involves a urologist catheterizing the ureters and instilling a water-soluble iodinated contrast medium? cystourethrography intravenous urography cystoureterography retrograde urography
retrograde urography
The kidneys are located in the:
retroperitoneum.
What type of device is the mA selector?
rheostat
Milliamperage (mA) is selected at the:
rheostat.
The right kidney is placed perpendicular to the image receptor in the ________ position.
right posterior oblique (RPO)
Evaluation of ________ are the primary indications for arthrography of the shoulder.
rotator cuff tears or labral tears
The auricular surface of the ilium articulates with the:
sacrum.
The spatial resolution of a detector is controlled by the:
sampling frequency.
The anatomic snuffbox overlies the ________ bone and the radial artery. Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is a clinical sign suggesting fracture of this bone, the MOST commonly fractured carpal bone.
scaphoid
The AEC controls which of the following exposure variables?
seconds
Which exposure variable is controlled by the automatic exposure control device?
seconds
The bony structure in which the pituitary sits is the ________, which is in the ________ bone.
sella turcica; sphenoid
The anode heel effect is most prevalent with a ________ SID and ________ receptor size.
short; large
The benefit of obtaining an image of the acromioclavicular joints with weights is that the addition of weights:
shows separation of the acromioclavicular joint space.
Which of the following affect the spatial resolution of an image? a.mAs and object-to-image distance (OID) b.source-to-image distance (SID) and focal spot size c.kVp and mAs d.tube angle and kVp
source-to-image distance (SID) and focal spot size
Decreasing the detector element size will affect which of the following?
spatial resolution
The ability of a system to record detail (expressed as the number of line pairs per millimeter) is known as:
spatial resolution.
The BEST reason to use touch for emphasis when performing a radiologic examination is to: specify instructions or locations. convey empathy. measure a body part before choosing exposure factors. identify landmarks on the patient.
specify instructions or locations.
The ________ sinus(es) sit(s) directly beneath the sella turcica.
sphenoidal
Esophageal fluoroscopic studies generally begin with the patient in the ________ position.
upright
A radiograph that demonstrates acceptable brightness in the middle of the image but shows gradually increasing brightness bilaterally further from the center represents a(n) ________ error.
upside-down focused grid
The basic difference between the sievert and other units that measure radioactivity is that the sievert is:
used only for radiation protection purposes.
The ________ foramina house the spinal cord.
vertebral
the vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the :
verterbral foramen
A(n) ________ is MOST helpful in demonstrating suspected vesicoureteral reflux.
voiding cystourethrogram
When applying a topical drug to a patient's skin, the health care provider should first:
wash his or her hands.
MOST cell damage from ionizing radiation occurs when x-rays interact with:
water molecules.
What medium is injected into the joint of a patient undergoing positive single-contrast radiographic arthrography?
water-soluble iodinated contrast
Which type of compensating filter is the MOST appropriate to use for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot? boomerang wedge trough bilateral wedge
wedge
Leakage radiation in the radiography/fluoroscopy exposure room is emitted from the:
x-ray tube housing.
The active layer of a direct flat panel detector converts:
x-rays to electrons.