rehab final
According to lecture, damage caused by physical trauma, sustained by tissues of the body is the working definition of?
injury
The center of mass (CoM) for the lower shank (tibia and fibula) can be approximatley located where?
mid-shaft
The AT must possess a sound understanding of both the sequence and time frames for various healing phases. Typically the treatment in the first 96 hours of an injury is to control pain and swelling?
true
The Hold-Relax (HR) Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) technique includes an isometric contraction of the antagonist followed by a concentric contraction of the agonist with light pressure and is effective with muscle tension on one side of the joint?
true
The addition of a sports psychologist to the rehabilitation team can facilitate the athlete's transition from sport culture to rehab culture?
true
The hip suffer more microtraumatic injuries than macrotraumatic injuries?
true
The psychological aspects of how an athlete deals with an injury are critical yet often neglected factors in the rehabilitation process?
true
The resting position of the talocrural joint is 10° of plantar flexion and the closed packed position is full dorsiflexion?
true
An objects ability to return to a normal shape and size after a deforming force is applied, is the definition of?
elasticity
The ability of soft tissue to return to its resting length after a passive stretch is the definition of?
elasticity
The tendency of soft tissue to assume a new and greater length after a stretch force has been removed is the definition of?
plasticity
All of the following are reasons to incorporate neuromuscular control into a rehabilitation program, except?
Create muscle plasticity
Fill in the missing items in the correct order: (brain picture)
1. Pacinian Corpuscle 2. Muscle Spindle 3. Golgi Tendon Organ 4. Cerebellum
A female softball player presents to you complaining of knee pain. Upon your history, she reports that when she stepped to cut for a ball yesterday, she felt her knee "shift" and then dropped to the ground. You observe mild inflammation and swelling and perform the indicated orthopedic tests (Lachman) to find that there is a slight anterior translation of the affected tibia as compared bilaterally. You perform other indicated orthopedic tests (McMurray, Valgus and Varus) and discover slight laxity of the medial collateral ligament. Muscle testing reveals a 3/5 on knee extension, knee flexion and knee adduction, however her range of motion are all within normal limits and your patient complains of pain being a 3/10. More than likely this is _____ grade of sprain and she is in _______ phase of the healing process?
1st degree sprain; Inflammatory phase
You refer to your team orthopedist for x-rays and they come back negative for a fracture. You continue with your rehabilitation protocol of decreasing pain and swelling for at least how many days?
2
One of your backstrokers on the swim team comes to you after a morning practice complaining of pain from the inferior angle of the scapula tot he intertubercular groove of the humerus. Your evaluation reveals muscle weakness (3/5) in extension, internal rotation and adduction of the humerus along with downward rotation and depression of the scapula and the swimmer is complaining of moderate pain (5/10). You diagnose the swimmer with a Grade ______ strain of the ____________________ and advise the coach that she is out for __________ days until you can reassess.
2; Latissimus Dorsi; 4
During an evening basketball game, one of your players landed on another players ankle. Your immediate evaluation reveals a moderate laxity when performing the anterior drawer test. You could not perform the talar tilt because of pain and your long bone test reveals no conclusive findings. You treat the player with ice, compression and elevation and ask her to come back the next morning. Your examination the next morning reveals moderate swelling. She complains of her pain being an 8/10 and muscle testing of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and brevis are all 2/5. Her active range of motion in dorsiflexion is 10 degrees and 30 degrees in plantarflexion. She tells you she cannot move her ankle any more than that because of pain. Passive range of motion reveals her dorsiflexion is 15 degrees and plantarflexion is 40 degrees. Based on the history given, you would categorize this a _____degree sprain and estimate at least _________weeks for a return to activity.
2nd degree; 3 weeks
Peripheral nerve typically regenerates _____ to ________ millimeters per day
3-4
You are the Athletic Trainer for USA Gymnastics. During a practice, one of your gymnasts fell off an apparatus and dislocated her shoulder, resulting in a surgical repair. Her coach wants to know how long she'll be in a sling for, so that she can estimate when she can resume training. The range of time that a person would be in a sling after a surgical repair of the shoulder is?
3-6 weeks
You would anticipate the track athlete to return to full activity in how long?
6 weeks
The mnemonic "ATC IS IT" stands for?
Avoid aggravation Timing Compliance Individualization Specific sequencing Intensity Total patient
You have been treating the track athlete for 1 week and there has been no change in strength or pain. You begin to suspect a(n) _______________ of the _______________ at the __________________
Avulsion Fracture; Rectus Femoris; Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
While taking the medical history of a field hockey player you chart the following information: Site of pain: Joint line of knee Mechanism of Injury: Direct blow to knee causing knee to be forced into excessive valgus force and rotation Behavior of Symptoms: Pain is described as "deep, nagging, dull and localized". Pain increases with weight bearing activities and patient reports feeling a "clicking and locking" sensation in the knee Based on the findings in your history, you would perform the following special orthopedic tests, except?
Ballotable patella test
Choose all of the following that apply to the signs of vertebral artery insufficiency:
Blurry/Double Vision Slurred Speech Difficulty/Discomfort Swallowing Dizziness Drop Attack Tinnitus Headache Nausea Vomiting Lightheadedness
In the acute phase of an injury (Days 0-3) which therapeutic modalities and their correct rationale should be applied? (Choose all that apply)
Cold; relieve pain and swelling Electrical stimulation; relieve pain and spasm Compression; reduce swelling Elevation; reduce swelling.
For the following diagram "Components of Therapeutic Exercise", fill in the blanks in order
Correct deviations and decrease pain Flexibility and range of motion Strength and endurance Balance, coordination and agility Function Performance
You are overseeing a rehabilitation program in which you have prescribed four (4) sets of squats. The first set will be ten (10) repetitions of 100lbs . The second set will be six (6) repetitions of 175lbs. The third and fourth sets are as many repetitions as possible with 200lbs. What strength progression technique are you employing?
DAPRE
Choose all of the following that are functions of mechanoreceptors. (Choose all that apply)
Detect pressure, muscle tension, stretch and muscle movement Provide touch information and contribute to position and motion Light touch and vibration and mediate pressure and vibration sensations
All of the following are effects of muscle tightness and hypertonicity, except?
Enhances force couples and arthrokinematics
All of the following are characteristics of dynamic stabilization, except?
Encourages preparatory agonist/antagonist coactivation
All of the following are acculturation aspects of the uninjured athlete. (choose all that apply)
Familiar activity Familiar rules Familiar pain Coach is in charge
For the following missing column, choose all that apply. (length of rehab/reaction to injury)
Fear and Anger Fear and Shock Anger and Frustration Isolation and Grief Process
This picture is an illustration of what type of lever system? (fulcrum b/w force and resistance) (neck)
First class lever system TH
Therapeutic exercise progression must address the following areas. (Choose all that apply)
Flexibility and range of motion Muscle strength and endurance Balance, coordination and agility Functional performance Performance specific activities
All of the following are essential to consider when rehabilitating an injury, except?
Focus should shift from activity to absence of activity back to return to activity
A track athlete comes to you complaining of pain when going into hip flexion. He tells you that when he came off the blocks in practice yesterday that he felt a 'pop' and his pain is a 6/10. Upon examination, you discover that knee extension is a 3/5, knee flexion is 3/5, hip extension is a 3/5 and hip flexion is a 3/5 and he complains of pain in all motions. Based on this history, you would suspect a grade______ of the __________?
Grade 2; Rectus Femoris
You are the Director of Athletic Training Services at a 5A high school. One of the 4th grade elementary school football players comes to your athletic training room after practice complaining of pain and points to the area over the distal 1/3 of the ulna. With his parents permission, you perform a physical exam and your history reveals that during a routine play, he fell on an outstretched hand. You perform a long-bone test and discover that there is pain so you refer to an orthopedist. Most likely, you would suspect that the child has _______ type of fracture and you would anticipate the child being in a protective splint or cast for at least_______weeks?
Greenstick; 3 Weeks
All of the following would be considered life stress events, except?
Having a new strength and conditioning routine
You are the Director of Athletic Training services for a Division 1 University. The star baseball player has been injured just before the team is expected to enter into a regional baseball tournament. Your short terms goals in the inflammatory phase include all of the following, except?
Incorproate functional progressions
All of the following are predisposing factors of cartilage damage, except?
Increased muscle power, strength and endurance
What is missing?
Increased muscle stiffness
All of the following are indications that rehabilitation exercises are too intense, except?
Increased strength in range of motion
Fibrosis begins. Scar tissue is seen in more significant muscle injuries. This describes what phase of healing as it relates to muscle?
Inflammation; 2-3 weeks
Fibrin clot is formed to fill the defect describes what phase of healing as it relates to the articular cartilage healing timeline?
Inflammation; 48 hours
All of the following are guides for goal setting, except?
Involve externalized goals
During an upper extremity rehabilitation protocol, you choose to increase the dynamic stability of the patient. All of the following are examples of dynamic stability exercises, except?
Isometric contraction
All of the following are reasons to perform isometric exercises, except?
Isometric exercises increase dynamic strength and assist in increasing atrophy
All of the following muscles are prone to weakness, except?
Levator Scapulae
You are the Director of Athletic Training Services at a major University. One of your star athletes has suffered too many shoulder injuries and has decided to terminate her career. You would expect that her reaction to rehabilitation would be?
Loss of athletic identity
All of the following muscles are prone to tightness, except?
Lower Trapezius
All of the following factors must be considered when designing a rehabilitation plan for a patient. Choose all that apply:
Magnitude and type of injury Body segment involved Patient's activity level Patient's response to injury Patient's goals
All of the following are true of Progressive Resistive Exercises (PRE's), except?
PRE's use isometric contractions in which force is generated while the muscle is changing length
All of the following are mechanoreceptors? (Choose all that apply)
Pacinian Corpuscles Muscle Spindles Golgi Tendon Organ Meissner's Corpuscles Pacinian Corpuscles
The kinetic chain is composed of? (Choose all that apply)
Muscle Tendon Ligament Fascia Articular and neurological system(s)
The ability for a muscle to generate force quickly using a combination of strength and speed, is the definition of?
Muscular power
Choose all of the following components that can negatively impact balance. Choose all that apply
Muscular wekaness Proprioceptive deficits Range of motion deficits
Fill in the missing components in proper order
Myofibril Sarcoplasm Sarcolemma Epimysium Muscle Belly Tendon
All of the following are criteria's for full recovery, except?
Neurovascular control
Label the following missing items (1,2 and 3) in the correct order as they relate to balance pathways
Oculomotor Input Vestibular Input Proprioceptor Input
Fibroblasts predominate in the healing area. Collagen content increases. Collagen is fully oriented with the tendon's long axis. This describes what phase of healing as it relates to the tendon healing timeline?
Proliferation; 4 weeks
You are in the eighth week of a 24 week rehabilitation protocol for a back injury. All of the following are within normal limits when dealing with the reaction to injury, reaction to rehabilitation and reaction to return, except?
Patient demonstrates shock
When a controlled concentric and eccentric contraction of the same muscle (i.e. Rectus Femoris) occur over two separate joints, it is defined as?
ecoconcentric contracation
All skeletal muscles exhibit four characteristics. They include all of the following, except?
Plasticity
All of the following are factors of plyometric exercises, except?
Plyometrics use a quick concentric stretch to facilitate a subsequent eccentric contraction
Label the chart in the correct order
Pons Medulla Oblongata Reticular Formation Cerebellum Thalamus Sensory Cortex
It is critical that injured structures be exposed to progressively increasing loads throughout the rehabilitation process. Aggressive active range of motion and strengthening exercises should be incorporated to facilitate tissue remodeling and realignment. This is called _______________ and should occur in the _____________ stage of healing.
Progressive Controlled Mobility; Maturation Remodeling Phase
Fibrocytes and macrophages are numerous. Random collagen fibers and abundant ground substance are seen. Fragile vascular granulation tissue is seen at the injury site. The extracellular matrix continues to be synthesized by fibroblasts. Macrophages, mast cells and fibroblasts continue to predominate. Vascular buds appear in the wound to communicate with existing capillaries. Elastin is seen in the area. This describes what phase of healing of a ligament?
Proliferation phase; 1-2 weeks post injury
Hard callus develops. Osteoclasts continue to remove dead bone. Endosteal blood supply continues to develop. This describes what phase of healing as it relates to the bone healing timeline?
Prolifertion; Up to 4 weeks
You are rehabilitating a baseball player with scapular dyskinesis. You are wanting to put together exercises to activate his middle trapezius. Choose all of the exercises that would apply to this goal
Prone horizontal abduction at 90° with thumbs up Prone horizontal abduction at 100°-125° with full external rotation Seated rowing
When a patient hops, she pushes against the earth with her body and the earth pushes against her with the earth's weight, moving the patient away from the ground. This is an example of Newton's Law of?
action-reaction
As you are evaluating your patient, you are trying to determine the behavior of the patients symptoms. You perform a PQRST exam. PQRST stands for?
Provocation of Symptoms; Quality of Symptoms; Region of Symptoms; Severity of Symptoms; Time Symptoms Occur
Progressive reactions to rehabilitation typically depend on the length of rehabilitation. All of the following are true of an injury with a short duration, except?
Reaction to rehabilitation will be loss of vigor, irrational thoughts and alienation
The picture below is an example of what type of insufficiency? (knee flexion performed with the hip in extension results in a shortening of the hamstring muscles that in turn decreases the ability of the hamstrings to develop tension)
active
You are in the twelfth week of a shoulder rehabilitation protocol. You have discussed with the treating physician that you want to increase the neuromuscular control of your patient and to do so you will impose some perturbation exercises that will stimulate reflex stabilization. Your goal is to increase what type of neuromuscular control?
Reactive neuromuscular control
You are the Athletic Trainer at a fire station. One of your firefighters recently tore her ACL during an emergency response and needed a repair. The surgeon used a semi-tendinosis autograph and has released the patient back to your care to start rehabilitation. Choose all of the following goals and treatment guidelines that would be appropriate for Stage 1 (0-3 Weeks) of treatment and rehabilitation
Reduce pain and swelling and protect surgical repair site(s). Prevent deconditioning Use of therapeutic modalities to treat pain, swelling and muscle spasm Brace should remain locked at 0°, but is up to surgeons protocol Hip extension and ankle range of motion can begin after day 2
All of the following are factors of the healing process to consider when designing a rehabilitation program, except?
Rehabilitation programs should be based on the time frames of return to activity
The pre-activation theory of feed-forward neuromuscular control include all of the following elements, except?
Responsible for reactive muscle action and low velocity movements
On of your Senior year volleyball players has a 2nd degree ankle sprain. X-rays reveal no fracture. You want to begin rehabilitation right away so that the patient may be able to play again before the end of the season and possibly her career is over. All of the following are short and long term goals, except?
Restore neurovascular control
Fill in the missing items in the correct order
Select and adjust muscle contractile pattern Generation of body movement Vision Vestibular Somatosensation
A softball player comes to see you complaining of pain in the back of her leg. Your evaluation reveals mild pain and is able to flex her knee on her own. You test the hamstring muscle group and observe a mild weakness when the knee is flexed and the tibia is internally rotated. When you place the athlete in knee flexion passively she complains of no pain. When you test the knee in actively and passively in extension, she complains of pain occurring in the opposite direction of motion. What structure has been affected? What grade of strain do you suspect? According to Cyriax, what type of tissue has been affected?
Semitendinosis; 1; Contractile
All of the following are elements of functional activities in rehabilitation, except?
Should progress from unconscious to conscious
Type 1 (Slow Oxidative) fibers have the following characteristics in common. Choose all that apply.
Smaller fiber size Greatest fatigue resistance Higher oxidative capacity Lower force production
The "SAID" Principle stands for?
Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands
You are the Director of Sports Medicine for the X-Games in Colorado. One of the snowboarders fell off the course and fell on an outstretched hand, tearing his triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), requiring a surgical repair. In the first 3-5 days you used therapeutic interventions to control pain, swelling and spasm, protected the surgical site, kept the arm elevated and the bulky surgical dressing has been replaced with a cast. You now have to design goals and treatment guidelines for the next 8 weeks. Choose all of the following goals and treatment guidelines that would be appropriate:
Starting in week 2: Begin isometric exercises for hand muscles Starting in week 2: Begin resistive exercises for the shoulder and elbow that do not cause distal radial stress or pain Weeks 2-4: Replace cast with removable splint and full range of motion of the wrist should be achieved. Strength gains, proprioception and agility of the hand and wrist should be at 50% of normal Weeks 6-8: Begin active assisted range of motion exercises
All of the following are objectives for neuromuscular rehabilitation, except?
Static joint stabilization
There are three main effects of joint mobilization, which include: Neurophysiological; Nutritional; and Mechanical. Benefits from these three effects include all of the following (choose all that apply)
Stimulate mechanoreceptors to reduce pain Stimulate nocioceptors to affect muscle spasm and muscle guarding Increase in proprioception because of afferent nerve impulses Distractions and small gliding movements can cause synovial fluid movement Improve mobility
When developing a rehabilitation protocol, you choose to add exercises that incorporate eccentric deceleration and explosive concentric exercises that require the involvement of both preparatory and reactive muscle activity. Which rehabilitation exercise meets this criteria?
Stretch-shortening exercises
You are engaging your patient in an orderly sequential process of questions and dialogue, where you are trying to establish symptoms of the injury. You are performing what part of the SOAP note process
Subjective
A baseball player recently underwent surgery to repair a superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion and torn rotator cuff. He and his coach want to know why he can't start throwing right away. You should explain all of the following, except?
Surgical Procedure
Common structural deformities that can occur in the foot, ankle and lower leg, include? (Choose all that apply)
Tibial Torsion Pes cavus and pes planus Halux Valgus Rearfoot/Forefoot Varus and Valgus
You have been selected as the Director of Sports Medicine for USA Baseball. One of your tasks is to engage in community outreach and educate the public on the appropriate pitch count numbers for certain age groups. The age group that you will be interacting with this week is between 13-14 year olds. According to the 2008 USA Baseball guidelines, choose all of the following that are correct when dealing with pitch counts for this age range:
The player should be limited to 75 pitches per game The player should be limited to 125 pitches per week The player should be limited to 1,000 pitches per season The player should be limited to 3,000 pitches per year The player should be limited to pitching 9 months out of the year
All of the following are factors that can impede healing, except?
hypertrophy
One of your patients hurt his knee while performing an occupational task. You evaluate his knee and observe that he is in the inflammatory phase of the injury process. You decide to brace him and allow a platelet plug to form. All of the following are characteristics of the vascular reaction to an injury, except?
The clot formation can begin as early as hour 3 of the injury and can last to day 4
You diagnose a baseball player with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). You refer to your team physician and she agrees with your diagnosis. You begin to develop a rehabilitation plan for your patient. All of the following considerations should be taken into account, except?
Timeline of return
In the fibroblastic/early proliferation phase of injury, choose all of the following rehabilitation techniques that can be used to progress a patient to the next phase:
Therapeutic modalities to treat pain and spasm Joint mobilization techniques Soft tissue mobilization techniques Range of motion exercises Flexibility exercises
In the late proliferation/maturation-remodeling phase of an injury, choose all of the rehabilitation techniques that can be used:
Therapeutic modalities to treat pain and swelling Joint and soft tissue mobilization Range of motion and flexibility exercises Muscle strength and endurance exercises Proprioception and balance exercises
The initial increases in strength during the first 8-10 weeks are attributed to neuromuscular efficiency. Choose all that apply to this statement.
There is an increase in the number of motor unit recruitment. There is an increase in the firing rate of each motor unit. There is enhanced synchronization of motor unit firing.
When a radiograph (x-ray) reveals a 'crack' perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bone, it is called a _______ fracture?
Transverse
The inner core muscles and structures are composed of all of the following. (Choose all that apply):
Trasversus Abdominis Diaphram Pelvic Floor Muscles Internal Oblique
A Senior in high school has torn his ACL and has come to the conclusion that this is the end of his season and his career. He expresses to you that structure of injury, treatment and rehabilitation is an unfamiliar activity, where he is not certain of the "rules", cannot "play through the pain" and he has a continual feeling of loss of control, which are all unfamiliar to him. This athlete is experiencing?
acculturation
Functional integration of the systems allows for optimal neuromuscular efficiency during functional activities. Optimal performance of all contributing components of the kinetic chain results in? (Choose all that apply)
appropriate length tension relationships, optimal force couple relationships, precise arthokinematics, optimal neuromuscular control
You are designing an injury prevention protocol for the swim team. You choose to add stretches that require the swimmers to use bouncing movements, where repetitive contractions of the agonist work to stretch antagonist muscles. You are incorporating what type of stretches?
ballistic
Force as it relates to the body is a form of energy that? (Choose all that apply)
causes movement, has a direction, has magnitude
All of the following are factors that will influence compliance from a patient, except?
competence
A contraction that causes a muscle shortening, while tension increases to overcome some resistance, is the definition of?
concentric contraction
You have successfully rehabilitated an Air Force pilot back to return to activity. Her first flying mission is three days away and she is a little nervous that she may reinjuure her shoulder again. You decide to employ some visual imagery rehearsal techniques where she is able to rehearse problems as they may arise. This type of visual imagery rehearsal is called?
coping rehearsal
You are overseeing a rehabilitation program in which you have prescribed three (3) sets of ten (10) repetitions each. The patient is able to perform a dumbbell bench press with 20lb dumbbells, for ten repetitions. For the second set, the patient performs dumbbell bench press for ten repetitions with 30lbs. For the third and final set, the patient performs dumbbell bench press with 40lbs for ten repetitions. What strength progression technique are you employing?
delorme and watkins
One of your high school volleyball players approaches you and tells you that she lost her starting position and has had a change in eating and sleeping habits, difficulty concentrating, has been agitated and is starting to withdraw from social situations. You should suspect?
depression
Neglecting or overdoing rehabilitation treatments: "I'll wait a few weeks and see if it gets better on its own" or "If one repetition of 5 sets is good, then two will be twice as good." is an example of?
disregard
All of the following can be described as abnormal end feels, except?
distinct
When a resistance is greater than the muscular force being produced, and the muscles lengthens while producing that tension, it is defined as?
eccentric contraction
Severity or mildness and significance or insignificance to injury: "I'm in great shape, so my broken leg will heal faster than it would for someone who was out of shape" is an example of?
exaggeration
A joint mobilization is a passive movement that is used to increase joint mobility that typically incorporates a sudden forceful thrust?
false
Abdominal hollowing is when the abdominal and back muscles co-contract and activate the inner core muscle groups and structures?
false
Attentional focusing is perceived on two planes. Being able to focus on broad to narrow is called "Directional" and being able to focus on feelings an thoughts and events outside the body is called "Width"?
false
If a lateral force is applied to the body, positioning the feet in a tandem stance increases stability against that force. If the force comes from the front front or back, a side-by-side stance provides better resistance against that force to maintain the center of mass within the base of support
false
It is not essential for the AT to keep the patient/ athlete informed of the why, how and when factors that can collectively dictate the course of an injury rehabilitation program?
false
The center of mass (CoM) for the humerus, lies just proximal to the greater tubricle?
false
The goal in a sports medicine setting is to return the patient/ athlete to play as quickly as possible, where the safety of the patient/ athlete is a secondary concern?
false
There are two components of the postural control system. These include the sensory detection of body motions or feed-back and the execution of musculoskeletal responses or feed-forward?
false
When dealing with a minor, like in a high school setting, the parents should not be involved in the decision making process regarding an injury or rehabilitation, because most likely they are not medical personnel?
false
You have been treating a high school tennis player for a 2nd degree sprain of the anterior talo-fibular ligament. After 5 days you notice that there is less swelling but moderate pain (5/10) on the pain scale. You measure the athletes range of motion and record 40 degrees of plantar-flexion, 15 degrees of dorsi-flexion. You perform manual muscle testing of the tibialis anterior (3/5), peroneus longus (2/5), peroneus brevis (2/5), gastrocnemius (3/5) and tibialis posterior (3/5). You should now progress into the next phase of rehabilitation?
false
You are now 9 weeks into a lumbar strain rehabilitation protocol and your patient has maintained all range of motion and strength. To increase the patient's progress, you incorporate reactive muscle activities that operate directly in response to a potentially destabilizing event using a normal reference point. You are incorporating what type of neuromuscular control?
feedback
You have been rehabilitating a lumbar strain for the past 8 weeks. Upon re-evaluation of your patient, you document that flexion is 90 degrees, extension is 25 degrees and lateral flexion is 25 degrees. You also document that testing of the quadratus lumborum is a 5/5. You choose to incorporate rehabilitation exercises that rely on planning movements that are based on sensory information from past experiences and require a preparatory muscle activity. Your thought process is to create a protocol that operates on the premise of initiating a motor response in anticipation of a load or activity. You are incorporating what type of neuromuscular control?
feedforward
On about day 6 to 7, fibroblasts begin producing collagen fiber that are deposited in a random fashion increasing the tensile strength of the wound. This is what stage of healing?
fibroblastic phase
You are overseeing an ACL rehabilitation program. You patient has full range of motion and has minimal pain. In a discussion with her treating physician, you both agree that it is time increase the stress and strain of the area in an effort to realign the collagen fibers in a position of maximum efficiency parallel to the lines of tension. What phase of healing is your patient in?
fibroblastic phase
The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow for efficient movement of a joint or series of joints through a full, non-restricted pain free range of motion is the definition of?
flexibility
Generalizing the outcome of one athlete's injury to all injuries or one athlete's outcome of rehabilitations to all rehabilitations: "All sprains heal in two weeks" or "Rehab in necessary only if you plan to compete again" is an example of?
generalization
According to Maitland Joint Mobilization Grading Scale, a large amplitude rhythmic oscillating movement within the range of motion to manage pain and swelling is the definition of what grade of joint mobilization?
grade 2
According to Maitland Joint Mobilization Grading Scale, a small amplitude rhythmic oscillating movement at the very end range of movement that is used to gain motion within the joint, is the definition of what grade of joint mobilization?
grade 4
A body remains at a state of rest or remains in uniform motion until an outside force acts on it is the definition of which of Newton's laws?
inertia
When the movement of an object is more difficult, especially for weak muscles, it is an example of which of Newton's Laws?
inertia
A muscle contraction that produces muscle tension, but no change in muscle length, is defined as?
isometric contraction
Loss of range of motion can be attributed to all of these factors, except?
joint function
All of the following would be described as normal end feels, except?
loose
The ability to perform repetitive contractions against some resistance, is the definition of?
muscular endurance
The ability to generate force against some resistance, is the definition of?
muscular strength
Thinking of rehabilitation as good or bad, right or wrong, necessary or unnecessary: "No one ever came back from an ACL surgery" or "I don't see any reason to do rehab exercises if I'm going to have surgery in two weeks" is an example of?
oversimplification
You are overseeing a rehabilitation program in which you have prescribed three (3) sets of ten (10) repetitions each. For the first set, the patient performs a dead-lift, ten times, with 150lbs. For the second set, the patient performs the same exercise, ten times, with 112.5lbs and for the third and final set, the patient performs the same exercise with 75lbs. What strength progression technique are you employing?
oxford
what type of insufficiency? hip flexion range of motion is limited by the length of the hamstring muscles when the knee joint is held in extension
passive
All of the following are anatomic factors that can impact flexibility, except?
protective bracing
This diagram is a picture of what type class of lever system? (fulcrum-> resistance->force; ankle)
second class lever system
Muscle sense is divided into four (4) sensory functions. These include all of the following, except?
sensation of static movement
All of the following are true of soft-tissue mobilization techniques, except?
should be done everyday
All of the following are examples of active range of motion (AROM), except?
static contractions
All of the following are elements of neuromuscular control in rehabilitation, except?
static stability
One of your patients has just suffered a macrotraumatic injury. All of the following are expected physiological responses, except?
stiffness
The ability of an object to resist deformation when a stress is applied to it, is the definition of?
stiffness
The muscle's relative ability to resist or produce force is the definition of?
strength
All of the following are responses that affect soft tissue during stretching, except?
summation
The attached diagram is an example of what type of lever system? (elbow; fulcrum-> force->resistance->)
third class lever system
A closed kinetic chain exists when the foot or hand is in contact with the ground or some other surface?
true
According to Janda, Lower Crossed Syndrome occurs because the gluteus minimus, medius and maximus along with the abdominals are inhibited and the rectus femoris, iliopsoas and thoraco-lumbar extensors are facilitated?
true
Active insufficiency is a situation that occurs when a multiple joint muscle activity contracts to its shortest position but the joint it cross still has available motions, whereas, passive insufficiency occurs when multi-joint muscles are passively stretched as far as possible but then have insufficient length to also allow the joints they cross to move to their end positions?
true
SI Joint Dysfunctions will result from one of two conditions. The sacrum is unable to move on the ilium or the ilium is restricted in its ability to move on the sacrum?
true
After day 3 (72 hours) after the injury, you re-evaluate the athlete's ankle to find that there is mild swelling and her pain is a 4/10. You perform muscle testing and record that the tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis and longus are all a 3/5 and the tibialis posterior, gastrocnemius, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus are all a 4/5. Active range of motion reveals 15 degrees in dorsiflexion and 40 degrees in plantarflexion, however passive range of motion reveals 20 degrees of dorsiflexion and 50 degrees of plantarflexion. It now appropriate to introduce isometirc and open chain exercises?
true
After four days of treatment, you patient's pain has decreased to a 4/10 and she has regained 15 degrees of knee flexion (135 degrees). You decide to move her into treatment and rehabilitation protocol that is consistent with the fibroblastic repair phase of healing. She explains to you that she is having trouble sleeping because of the aping and discomfort, so you work on meditation techniques, including progressive relaxation with imagery. This would be considered a buffering technique?
true
An AT that has a solid foundation in biomechanics should be able to identity existing adaptive or compensatory changes in motion and design a rehabilitation program to correct pathomechanics?
true
An example of a microtraumatic injury would be tendinitis?
true
An extensor lag of the knee is when normal passive extension is present but the patient cannot actively extend the knee to full terminal knee extension. This can be due to pain, edema, stiffness and weakness in the area?
true
An open kinetic chain exists when the foot or hand is not in contact with the ground or some other surface
true
As recovery increases and the patient/ athlete is able to move through the phases of healing, the intensity of exercises should increase and performed less times daily?
true
Compliance is a term that means obedience of the patient to the health care giver's instruction for prescription?
true
Contractile tissue gives muscle characteristics of contractility and irritability, whereas noncontractile tissue has the ability to resist deforming forces as well as viscoelasticity?
true
Exercises that encourage muscle stiffness should be incorporated into rehabilitation programs. One way to accomplish this, is by including eccentric muscle contraction exercises into the rehabilitation protocols?
true
Flexibility and strength should always co-exist in a rehabilitation program?
true
In a first class lever system, the fulcrum is located between the resistance and the force arms?
true
In a second-class lever, the resistance point is between the fulcrum and the force, which is a very efficient method of force production?
true
In the clinical scenario in Question #28, all of the following would be appropriate goals and treatment guidelines to progress your patient through from weeks 3-18: Weeks 3-9 End of 3rd week, discard brace, begin gait training and cardiovascular activity Leg press can be performed between 0°-45° and half squats at 45° Single leg stance for balance End of 4th week: joint mobilizations, treadmill walking at an incline and resisted hip and ankle exercises Week 6: Hamstring exercises can begin Week 8: Step up exercises can begin Weeks 9-18: Strength should be between 85%-90% or normal Weeks 8-12: Start forward jogging Week 12: Start hopping Week 12-16: Start running/sprinting forward and backward and include cutting and cariocas
true
Isokinetic exercises are typically incorporated in the later phases of the rehabilitation process?
true
Joint hypomobility can cause faulty posture, muscular imbalance and abnormal neuromuscular control?
true
Joint mobilizations, grades I and II are primarily used to treat pain,whereas joint mobilizations, grades III and IV are primarily used to treat range of motion restrictions?
true
Non-medical personnel such as coaches, administrators, etc. should not be involved in the decision making process regarding an injury?
true
Noncontractile tissue will limit the degree of stretching, whereas contractile tissue will limit the velocity of stretching?
true
Objectives in designing a rehabilitation plan should include measures to prevent deconditioning and to rehabilitate the injured body part?
true
One of your gymnasts just had an ACL reconstruction. The orthopedic surgeon has prescribed active range of motion exercises to start the rehabilitation process. The patient is progressing faster than expected and wants to increase the intensity of her activity. You should communicate the gymnasts concerns with the orthopedist and maintain open communication with the orthopedist so that the physicians philosophy persists throughout the rehabilitation process?
true
One of your track athletes has returned to competition after a Grade 1 strain of his hamstrings. He has missed the last 6 weeks of competition because of inability to compete and is now able to make a return to participation. Being a bit nervous, you ask the athlete to visualize scenes relating to positive feelings of enthusiasm, confidence and pride. You are employing Emotive imagery rehearsal?
true
Pain associated with an injury will dictate the progress of the rehabilitation protocol?
true
Reciprocal inhibition is when an isotonic contraction of an agonist muscle elicits a reflex relaxation of the antagonist muscle group?
true
Restoring muscular strength, endurance and power are among the most essential factors in restoring the function of a body part to pre-injury status?
true
Roll, glide and spin are all types of arthrokinematic motion?
true
The theory of arthrogenic muscle inhibition occurs because of a protective reflex inhibition of the quadriceps to attempt to decrease stress on the injured knee. This is typically attributed to pain, injury, effusion and neural inhibitions?
true
When incorporating discriminate muscle activation into a rehabilitation program, the AT may initially require the the patient to engage in exercises that focus on conscious activation leading to unconscious control which is critical in balance and coordination?
true
When rehabilitating an injury, it is crucial for the patient/ athlete to understand that the portion of recovery that they are in is just as important as the full return to function.
true
Without proximal or core stability the distal movers cannot function optimally to efficiently utilize their strength and power?
true
You are creating a rehabilitation program for a patient that is in the inflammatory phase of healing after contusion to her thigh. Over the past 2 days you have observed that she has not regained any range of motion (120 degrees of knee flexion) and her pain remains a constant 7/10. You choose to incorporate some visualization techniques to help her progress through the phases of healing. This would be considered a buffering technique?
true
You are rehabilitating an 2nd degree high ankle sprain that is in the sixth week of the healing process. Currently, you have increased the patient's range of motion to 45 degrees of plantar-flexion and 18 degrees of dorsi-flexion. Upon muscle testing, you document that the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis are all a 4/5 and the patient's pain is a 3/10. You elect to create a rehabilitation protocol that relies on the sensation of joint motion of acceleration and the sensation of active movements. You are increasing the patient's kinesthesia?
true
You are rehabilitating an 2nd degree high ankle sprain that is in the sixth week of the healing process. Currently, you have increased the patient's range of motion to 45 degrees of plantar-flexion and 18 degrees of dorsi-flexion. Upon muscle testing, you document that the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis are all a 4/5 and the patient's pain is a 3/10. You elect to create a rehabilitation protocol that works on postural, positional and kinetic information provided to the central nervous system by sensory receptors. You are increasing the patient's proprioception?
true
You are the Director of Sports Medicine for a professional team. One of your athletes has just sprained her knee. This is considered a macrotraumatic injury?
true
he speed with which an object moves depends on the amount of force used to move it and the objects size is an example of Newton's Law of Acceleration?
true
Which fiber type is used for endurance or aerobic activities?
type 1
A fast speed; large axon size; moderate fatigue resistance; high oxidative capacity; and high force production describes which fiber type?
type 2a
The muscle fiber type that has the fastest conduction velocity; is the least fatigue resistant; has a low capillary density; a low fuel consumption; and the highest force production describes which fiber type?
type 2b
Which fiber type has the ability to produce a maximal intensity burst, but will fatigue in less than 30 seconds?
type 2b
A bucket handle tear of the superior attachment of the labrum and biceps tendon with the peripheral margins intact with the glenoid rim, defines what type of SLAP lesion?
type 3
Which fiber type is used in high-intensity activity, less than two minutes?
type2a
Conclusions based on unsound thinking or false information: "I know an athlete who did everything they told him to do and his arm never got better" or "They say once you break a bone, you can never run fast" is an example of?
unwarranted conslusions
Which phase/word is missing?
vasoconstriction
The product of force and the distance through which it is applied, is the definition of?
work