RELI 100- GMU

A "Muslim state" means that the majority population is Muslim and some Western-inspired institutions have been adapted.

True

After a boy becomes a bar mitzvah at age 13, he is considered to be an adult and can be part of a minyan.

True

After the destruction of the second temple, the Pharisees successfully emerged as the new leaders.

True

All the world's religions are struggling to interpret their premodern, modern, and, when appropriate, postmodern traditions.

True

An imam leads the prayer and is paid to look after the mosque.

True

Augustine of Hippo is the one post biblical theologian who has influenced the shape of Western Christianity more than any other individual.

True

Both fundamentalism and postmodern pluralism reject the modern strategy of privatizing religion.

True

By the age of 30, Muhammad was held in high regard as a trustworthy, skilled businessman in Mecca.

True

Diversity relativizes all stories.

True

Early Christian teaching typically blamed the Jews for the death of Jesus, a view that contributed to the persecution of Jews throughout much of Western history.

True

Even though postmodern trends have caused a collapse of all metanarratives, there has been a resurgence of religion in the public realm.

True

For Jews studying the Talmud, God is in the questions even more than in the answers.

True

Hindus have adopted non-Hindu ideas primarily in their social institutions.

True

Ijtihad means to interpret or reinterpret Islam or Islamic law.

True

In nineteenth-century America the growth of industrialization fueled urbanization, which was accompanied by a dramatic growth in both Protestant and Catholic churches.

True

In the myths of harmony, yin and yang, night and day, male and female—all are polar opposites that merge into each other and balance each other.

True

It is correct to say there is one Islam as revealed in the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet and there have been many interpretations of Islam.

True

It is the covenant at Sinai that makes Israel Israel.

True

It was more than 300 years after Jesus' life before the New Testament came into the form that we have now.

True

It was the Talmudic tradition that shaped Jewish life from the sixth century until the nineteenth century.

True

Muslims believe that the Quran is taken from an Arabic tablet that preexists with God in heaven.

True

Muslims trace their roots back to Abraham and his son Ismail (Ishmael).

True

No prophet has played a greater role in any world religion and in world politics than Muhammad.

True

One possibility for the reason that cows are considered holy in South Asia is because the cow actually promotes survival for the people.

True

Paul argued that gentiles should not have to be circumcised to convert to Christianity.

True

Rammohan Roy called for the reform of the Hindu community.

True

Recognizing that historical materials were written in "layers" by different people at different times is essential to the historical study of biblical writings.

True

The beliefs of tribal polytheism were concentrated on this world and not concerned about an afterlife.

True

The dual Torah refers to the sacred oral and written teachings concerning God's revelation to his people.

True

The gradual move toward a monotheistic view began for the people of Israel in the eighth century bce.

True

The greeting of "Namaste" is another way of greeting the divine in another person.

True

The rise of ultra-Orthodoxy is part of a larger religious resurgence that has been going on globally since the mid-1970s.

True

The ultra-Orthodox movement seeks to totally separate from all modernizing forms of Judaism and also the surrounding gentile world.

True

To create a more distinctive identity for Islam when the Jews did not willingly convert, Muhammad changed the direction of prayer.

True

To understand who the God of Israel is, you should look to history as the story of the Jewish people's journey through time.

True

Water from the Ganges is seen as the best source for purifying a ritual space.

True

Sikhism

all of the above

The word for unchanging soul is

atman

In the earliest religious stories, from primal societies, time was viewed as _______, not linear.

circular

Augustine's view of history as a tale of two cities referred to the human city and the city of _______.

god

After the Council of Chalcedon in 450 CE, Jesus was considered to be one person with two natures—fully divine and fully __________.

human

A myth of nature

is the earliest type of religious story

The word that means release from the cycle of birth and death is

moksha

One result of modernization was that religion

no longer played a governing role in the social structure of that society

Tantric teachings are

not given openly or universally

Acting in the manner prescribed by the tradition is called ___________.

orthopraxy

The period of time when all religious and scientific knowledge is viewed as relative is called _______.

postmodern

The _______ work ethic, as developed by John Calvin, demanded that one live simply and work hard.

protestant

The _______ became the object of persecution when they spoke out against the Church of England's doctrine as not being pure enough.

puritans

When Luther posted the Ninety-five Theses Against the Sale of Indulgences, it marked the beginning of the _______.

reformation

The word _______ comes from a Latin word meaning "to tie or bind."

religion

The _______ condemned Jesus to die because they thought he was an enemy of the state.

romans

When studying religion, the word "myth" refers to a symbolic _______.

story

Three of the four stages of life for a Hindu include

student, forest dweller, homeless wanderer

Hinduism is

the second fastest growing world religion

Hinduism is

the third largest world religion

What is the ultimate goal of yoga meditation?

to dwell for extended periods of trance and reach the highest mystical state

The first religious tradition to spread its beliefs, practices, and critiques of nonbelievers globally was

Christianity

The significance of Vatican II was that it

Correct expressed a new openness to modern trends and ideas

Christians represent how much of the world's population?

Correct one-third

In Christianity, the highest goal in life is

Correct to act in harmony with the will of God through dying and rising with Christ

"Biblical criticism," as it applies to biblical study, means to find fault.

False

"Haredim" means a harem of ten or more Jewish women.

False

According to Rudolph Otto, human beings commonly have neutral feelings toward religious experiences.

False

After Muhammad started receiving revelations, the path of preaching to others was smooth sailing.

False

After ten years of preaching, Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to Cairo.

False

Eastern Christianity decisively and exclusively shaped the road to modernity for Western civilization.

False

In modern culture religion plays the decisive role in explaining and ordering life.

False

In modern culture the primary metanarrative was all about nature.

False

Islam's formative period was the time just before Muhammad was born.

False

Jewish writings were canonized and placed into final form before the first century ce.

False

Judaism is the largest of the great world religions.

False

Most of Paul's letters to the churches he founded were lost, and therefore, none made it into the New Testament.

False

Muhammad used only force to defeat the Meccans.

False

Muhammad was born around the same year as Jesus.

False

Myth, as used in the study of religion, means a fabrication.

False

Of the three major monotheistic religions, only Judaism and Christianity share a belief in one God.

False

Presently, the vast majority of Muslims live in Arabia.

False

Proponents of Hindu nationalism want to maintain India as a secular state.

False

Ram Dass was an Indian merchant.

False

Ramakrishna's revivalism emphasized the importance of priests mediating the relationship between disciples and ultimate reality.

False

Religious Jews make up the majority of the population in Israel.

False

Shema was a goddess in early Judaism.

False

Sunni Muslims comprise the minority of worldwide Muslims.

False

The Gospel of John was the earliest New Testament writing.

False

The Maccabean revolt in the second century caused the Jewish people to feel more enslaved than ever.

False

The Pentateuch refers to the wisdom literature found in the Hebrew Bible.

False

The Tattvabodhini Sabha was an un-influential group composed of members from the lowest castes.

False

The Torah dictates that circumcision is negotiable for male children born to Jewish mothers.

False

The life of Hasidic rabbi Abraham Heschel is significant because he inspired other religious activists to use violence to bring about change.

False

The sacred language of Islam is Greek.

False

The scientific worldview, which was part of modern culture, was highly respectful of premodern beliefs.

False

The term "Sufism" comes from the dance, whirling dervish, that Sufis are known for.

False

The two world wars gave people around the world hope that progress is always for the good.

False

With many recent court decisions coming down on the side of maintaining India as a secular state, the Hindu-India movement is now all but defunct.

False

Guru Nanak founded Sikhism to correct the mistaken practices and partial truths of

Hinduism and Islam

The Old Testament of Christianity is really adopted from the sacred writings of what religion?

Judaism

The Bhagavad Gita is part of the

Mahabharata

Which of the four Gospels was most likely written first?

Mark