Reparations

repairing victims or social relationships

Can money even help? Even in an ideal, and certainly in practice, reparations falls short of r....v or s.... r......

Michael Levin

Can money even help? M.... L..... speaks highlights the welfare argument

incommensurable

Can money even help? Money is ............... to what slavery has taken.

Ernest Allen and Robert Chrisman

E.... A... and R.... C.... have argued that many of the so-called black slave holders were benevolent, freeing their family members.

astronomical

Forman- the wealth extracted from slavery has been "a.........." in the thousands of billions

First Session of the Fortieth Congress 1867

Reparations Bill for the African Slaves in the United States was proposed in the ...........

industrial base

Slavery's chief purpose was to build an 'i...... b....' for America. It did this without seeing much in return.

a Marshall Plan every three years

The welfare transfer of whites to black is equivalent to ...........

seventy-five

There is a net white to black transfer of about .......billion dollars a year (!!)

Summary

Though welfare is unconnected from reparations it does call into question whether money can help to solve the inequalities that are allegedly a result of slavery. In the light of this it is difficult to see that- as Westley argued once reparations were paid 'blacks will be able to function within American society on a footing of absolute equality.'

free worker standard

Who gets it? Argument of f.....w.....s.... That those who suffered from slavery should be recompensed the value of their labour by the amount of wages

equivalent to that of whites

Who gets it? Black people in general? Not all have been economically disadvantaged by slavery. Black middle class, West Indian blacks incomes are ......

victim/perpetrator

Who gets it? Historical precedents had traditionally followed a clear ...../.... paradigm

American Japanese, AAs Tuskegee syphilis experiment and Rosewood massacre victims

Who gets it? Previous examples of reparations....

Larry Koger

Who gets it? Which historian has pointed out that some blacks were slave holders themselves

1880 and 1960

Who pays for it? Main immigration waves in .... and .... (should those fleeing Nazi Germany or Armenians fleeing Turkish persecution or Mexicans etc foot the bill?)

not be made to pay again

Who should Pay? Though the Civil War was not initially fought against slavery, it became an important cause. Horowitz argues that the descendants should...........

the government is an entity that survives generations, its debts and obligations survive the lifespan of any particular individuals.

Who should pay? Pro-reparations that the "government is an entity that s..... g....., its debts and obligations survive the l....of any particular individuals"

five

Who should pay? Very few Americans owned slaves. Even in the ante-bellum south only one in .... was a slave holder

Robert Westley

Why pay? Author of the seminar reading- reparations carry the promise of closure. "no more will be owed to blacks than is owed to any citizen under the law. Once reparations are paid blacks will be able to function within american society on a footing of absolute equality.

threefold

Wider Issues? Hostility versus AAs- like Affirmative action backlash. Between 1982 and 1989 the number of racially aggravated hate crimes grew .... annually

inferiority complex

Wider Issues? Reparations, in the same way as affirmative action has the potential to foster an i......... c..... amongst blacks

Martha Minow

Wider issues? Does this act as a handout... M....M... wrote 'Between Vengeance and Forgiveness'

college campuses

Wider issues? During the 1970s there was a significant increase in assaults on black people where?

James Forman

Yes for reparations- In 1969 ....... delivered the Black Manifesto, demanding reparations

exploited, degraded, brutalised, killed and persecuted by whites

Yes for reparations- James Forman said blacks have been 'e..... and d...., b....., k.... and p.....' by whites.