Reproductive System HW

What is the role of estrogen on luteinizing hormone (LH) production?

Estrogen may have either an inhibitory or an excitatory effect on LH production depending on the overall estrogen levels. Estrogen exerts negative feedback on LH production until estrogen levels reach a certain concentration, and then estrogen exerts positive feedback on LH production, which promotes ovulation.

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.

High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release

Which of the following is an effect of luteinizing hormone (LH) after ovulation?

It maintains the corpus luteum. LH maintains the corpus luteum. Increased levels of estrogen promote the release of LH at ovulation, but the increased levels of progesterone after ovulation inhibit the release of LH, which causes the degradation of the corpus luteum.

If an untrained person induces an abortion and severely punctures the posterior vaginal wall, there is a potential risk of the puncture wound extending onward into the wall of the ______.

Rectum The uterus is located in the pelvis anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder.

Which of the following will occur immediately after ovulation?

The endometrium enters its secretory phase.

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?

The secondary oocyte The secondary oocyte is ovulated from the ovarian follicle and proceeds into the uterine tube.

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?

The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.

Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell?

Unequal cytoplasmic division ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus. The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus. Lacking nutrient-containing cytoplasm, the polar bodies degenerate and die. This is very different than the result of sperm formation.

At which point in the uterine cycle are the ovarian hormone levels at their lowest?

at the beginning of the menstrual phase The ovarian hormone levels are lowest at the beginning of the menstrual phase. Their low levels are what trigger menstruation.

When does ovulation occur in the uterine cycle?

at the end of the proliferative phase A surge in luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation at the end of the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, around day 14.`

Which is NOT a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?

corpus luteum secretion

The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.

interstitial endocrine cells

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, ________ reaches its highest levels.

progesterone

Which of the following shows the correct pathway for sperm cells as they leave the testes?

seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens Sperm are stored in the tail of the epididymis until they are ejaculated. If they are not ejaculated, they will eventually break down and be phagocytized.

Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg?

stratum functionalis of the endometrium Implantation occurs at the stratum functionalis, the innermost layer of the uterus.

During spermiogenesis ________.

the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid because its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization

Formation of a secondary oocyte occurs during __________.

the follicular phase A secondary oocyte is formed during the follicular phase.

Which of the following glands are responsible for producing 70% of semen volume?

the seminal vesicles

What is the function of meiosis?

to produce cells with half the chromosome number of the original spermatogonium or oogonium Sperm and egg cells have half the chromosome number of the spermatogonium or oogonium. This is necessary so that they can combine to form a 2n zygote.

What part of the female system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

uterine (fallopian) tube Eggs that successfully implant in the uterus are first fertilized in the uterine tube. This does not imply a "tubal pregnancy," where the zygote implants in the uterine tube.

What structure is the target for gonadotropin stimulation occurring during the events that lead to ovulation?

vesicular follicles Gonadotropins (FSH and LH) released by the anterior pituitary stimulate vesicular follicles to grow, mature, and secrete sex hormones.