res103 all exam
You have administered 0.5mg of albuterol in 3ml of 0.9% NaCl. What is your % solution?
0.0166%
Terbutaline sulfate is available as a 1 mg/ml ampule. How many ml are needed for a 0.25mg dose?
0.25ml
A 0.02% solution of Atrovent has been ordered. The patient is to receive 3 cc of the 0.02% solution. How many mg of active ingredient will be given?
0.6mg
1 mL is equal to how many cubic centimeters?
1 cc
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators can be described as: 1. Drugs that stimulate intracellular production of cyclic AMP 2. Anticholinergic drugs 3. Drugs that stimulate beta2-receptors
1. Drugs that stimulate intracellular production of cyclic AMP 3. Drugs that stimulate beta2-receptors
Which of the following affect maintenance drug dosing? 1. Rate of elimination 2. Absorption 3. Route of administration 4. Genetics of the patient
1. Rate of elimination 2. Absorption 3. Route of administration 4. Genetics of the patient
Which statement best explains the control of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems? 1. The parasympathetic and sympathetic systems work in a coordinated, opposite fashion to maintain balance. 2. The parasympathetic system is the dominant controller 3. The sympathetic system is in primary autonomic control. The parasympathetic and sympathetic systems work independently of each other to regulate autonomic control
1. The parasympathetic and sympathetic systems work in a coordinated, opposite fashion to maintain balance.
what % are each item 1. isotonic 2. hypertonic 3. hypotonic
1.0.9% - isotonic 2. 5-10% - hypertonic 3. 0.45% - hypotonic
Xopenex is supplied as 1.25mg in 2.5ml of 0.9% NaCl. You are asked to administer a 0.63mg treatment, how many ml will you give?
1.26ml
Which of the following neurons/receptors have nor-epinephrine as their neurotransmitter: 1. Muscarinic 2. Beta-adrenergic 3. Parasympathetic 4. Alpha-adrenergic
2. Beta-adrenergic 4. Alpha-adrenergic
A sympatholytic drug is given you would expect which of the following to occur in the airway? 1. Bronchodilation 2. Bronchoconstriction 3. Increased mucus production 4. Vasodilatation
2. Bronchoconstriction 3. Increased mucus production
Which of the following will allow for bronchodilation? (think carefully) 1. Stimulation of cholinergics 2. Stimulation of adrenergics 3. Stimulation of b2 receptors 4. Stimulation of M3 receptors
2. Stimulation of adrenergics 3. Stimulation of b2 receptors
1 Kilogram is equal to how many pounds?
2.2 pounds
Parasympatholytic bronchodilators can be described as: 1.Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system 2.Anticholinergic drugs 3.Drugs that block acetylcholine
2.Anticholinergic drugs 3.Drugs that block acetylcholine
What are the two available doses for Acetylcysteine?
20% 3-5ml QID-TID 10% 6-10 ml QID-TID
Stimulation of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system would cause which of the following effects? 1. Increased heart rate and contractility 2. Pupil dilation 3. Increased digestion 4. Bronchoconstriction
3. Increased digestion 4. Bronchoconstriction
Which of the following are types of cholinergic receptors? 1. Alpha-receptors 2. Beta-receptors 3. Muscarinic receptors 4. Nicotinic receptors
3. Muscarinic receptors 4. Nicotinic receptors
Promazine comes in a 550 mg/10 ml liquid solution. How many ml are needed to give a 200-mg dose?
3.63 ml
How many milliliters are in 4.25 L?
4,250 ml
4.5 g is how many milligrams?
4,500 mg
A 32-year-old patient weighs 150lbs, the physician requests that you ventilate this patient at 6ml/kg, how much volume (ml) would you be delivering to this patient?
409ml
Name two surfactant drugs?
Beractant (Survanta) 4ml/kg Q6 d x 4 Poractant Alfa (Curfosurf) 2.5ml/kg followed by 1.25ml/kg x 2 Q12 Lucinactant (Surfaxin) 5.8 ml/kg x4 within first 48 hours of life Calfactant (Infasurf) 3ml/kg Q12 x 3
Name a disease process that increases either the volume or thickness of mucus.
COPD Cystic fibrosis Asthma Pneumonia
What is the role of surfactant?
Do decrease the surface tension to allow the alveoli to expand evenly on inflation and not collapse on exhalation at low volumes.
During surfactant replacement administration the patient should be monitored for what hazards or reactions? I. Hyperventilation II. transient decrease in oxygenation III. reflux of solution IV. bradycardia
I. Hyperventilation II. transient decrease in oxygenation III. reflux of solution IV. bradycardia
Bronchodilation is achieved by using which of the following classifications of drugs? I. Parasympatholytics II. Sympatholytics III. Adrenergic agonists
I. Parasympatholytics III. Adrenergic agonists
Prescribing a xanthine for a patient will have which of the following effects? I. improve diaphragm function II. anti-inflammatory effects III. sustained bronchodilation IV. increase ventilatory drive
I. improve diaphragm function II. anti-inflammatory effects III. sustained bronchodilation IV. increase ventilatory drive
Effects of parasympatholytic agents include: I.Bronchodilation II.Decreased heart rate III.Drying of pulmonary secretions
I.Bronchodilation III.Drying of pulmonary secretions
Of the following, which can cause impaired ciliary activity? I.Dry gas II. Smoke Inhalation III.High concentrations of FiO2 IV.Endotracheal tubes
I.Dry gas II. Smoke Inhalation III.High concentrations of FiO2 IV.Endotracheal tubes
Which of the following are responsible for the primary mucus production within the lungs? I.Goblet cells II. Bronchial glands III.Type I pneumocytes IV.Type II pneumocytes
I.Goblet cells II. Bronchial glands
What is another term for an anticholinergic agent?
Parasympatholytic agent or Antimuscarinic
Drugs are effective at specific levels. Below these levels, they are not effective; above these levels, they may be toxic to the body. What term is described by this information?
Therapeutic range
Which medication can be used for the treatment of PSVT? a. Adenosine b. ACE inhibitors c. Digoxin d. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
a. Adenosine
What term is used to describe the ability of a drug to bind to a receptor? a. Affinity b. tachyphylaxis c. tolerance d. Efficacy
a. Affinity
An infant is experiencing periods of apnea. Which drug will you prescribe? a. Alupent b. Epinephrine c. Surfactant d. Caffeine
a. Alupent
How is the sympathomimetic beta-agonist Xopenex® classified? a. As a saligenin b. As a catecholamine c. As a resorcinol d. As a methylxanthine
a. As a saligenin
A common supraventricular arrhythmia is a. Atrial fibrillation b. Torsades de pointes c. Ventricular fibrillation d. PVCs
a. Atrial fibrillation
Carvedilol (Coreg) is an example of: a. Beta-blocker b. Diuretic c. Beta-agonist d. ARB
a. Beta-blocker
Which valve separates the left atrium and ventricle? a. Bicuspid valve b. Tricuspid valve c. Pulmonic semilunar valve d. Aortic semilunar valve
a. Bicuspid valve
Which of the following are considered to be hormonal in nature? a. Catecholamine b. Cyclic GMP c. Cyclic AMP d. Acetylcholine
a. Catecholamine
Pulmozyme would be the treatment of choice for which of the following conditions? a. Cystic fibrosis b. Asthma c. Heart failure d. COPD
a. Cystic fibrosis
A physician has ordered for you to administer a parasympatholytic agent. Which of the following physiologic responses would you anticipate? a. Decreased salivation b. Constricted pupils c. Bradycardia d. Bronchoconstriction
a. Decreased salivation
Which of the following medications results in increased contractility of the heart? a. Digoxin b. Bretylium c. Dopamine d. Dobutamine
a. Digoxin
Mechanisms of bronchoconstriction include all the following except: a. Embolism formation b. Increased secretions c. Bronchospasm d. Airway edema
a. Embolism formation
Clostridium difficile could be treated by which of the following medications? a. Flagyl b. Ritonavir c. Trecator d. Ketoconazole
a. Flagyl
The Advair Diskus combines which of the following medications?I.Solu-Medrol®II.Serevent®III.Flovent®IV.Flonase® a. II & III b. I & IV c. II & IV d. I & II
a. II & III
Methylxanthines are believed to cause bronchodilation by which of the following mechanisms? a. Inhibiting phosphodiesterase b. Inhibiting COMT c. Increasing cyclic GMP d. Decreasing cyclic AMP
a. Inhibiting phosphodiesterase
Mrs. White, a COPD patient, has been on Theophylline for 3 days. Her serum Theophylline level is 21. How would you describe the serum level? a. It is at or close to toxic level b. It is above the therapeutic range c. It is at the target serum level d. It is below the therapeutic range
a. It is at or close to toxic level
Whose law best describes the role of surface tension? a. Laplace's b. Dalton's c. Poiseuille's d. Henry's
a. Laplace's
You are called to evaluate a patient who is receiving bronchodilator therapy with albuterol via the inhalation route. The patient tells you that she experiences tremors every time she takes her aerosol treatment. The physician asks you to recommend another bronchodilator. Which of the following would you suggest? a. Levalbuterol b. Salmeterol c. Racemic epinephrine d. Metoproterenol
a. Levalbuterol
Which receptors would you antagonize to yield bronchodilation? a. M3 b. B1 c. A1 d. B2
a. M3
Which of the following adjuncts would not be used to administer surfactant? a. MDI spacer b. Double-lumen endotracheal tube c. Side-port d. Catheter
a. MDI spacer
Which of the following medications are considered to be a resorcinol? a. Metaproterenol b. Proventil® c. Albuterol d. Ventolin®
a. Metaproterenol
Which of the following is the agent of choice for the relief of angina pain? a. Nitroglycerin b. Levophed c. Dopamine d. Nitroprusside
a. Nitroglycerin
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of the mast cell membrane? a. Phospholipase b. Activase c. Lipase d. Mast cellinase
a. Phospholipase
A medication is given to increase a patient's heart rate. This medication would have which of the following affects? a. Positive chronotropic b. Negative chronotropic c. Negative inotropic d. Negative dromotropic
a. Positive chronotropic
Diabetic care includes monitoring of all of the following except: a. Potassium levels b. Glucose levels c. Triglycerides d. Cholesterol
a. Potassium levels
Which of the following refers to the amount of blood returning to the heart and contained in the ventricles before contraction? a. Preload b. Compliance c. Refractory d. Afterload
a. Preload
Gram-positive bacteria stain what color? a. Purple b. Green c. Blue d. Pink
a. Purple
Stimulation of dopamine receptors causes which of the following? a. Relaxation of renal arteries b. Increased heart rate c. Bronchodilation d. Constriction of peripheral blood vessels
a. Relaxation of renal arteries
Patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids should be instructed to do which of the following to reduce common side effects? a. Rinse the mouth with water or mouthwash after using the inhaled corticosteroid. b. Reduce the amount of sugar intake to reduce the risk of hyperglycemia. c. Take prophylactic antibiotics to treat immunosuppression d. Take supplemental calcium to reduce the risk of osteoporosis
a. Rinse the mouth with water or mouthwash after using the inhaled corticosteroid.
If you apply the alpha-adrenergic agent phenylephrine topically, which of the following occurs? a. Swollen vessels constrict b.Blood pressure decreases c. Respiratory rate decreases d. Heart rate decreases
a. Swollen vessels constrict
Leukotriene release can be explained by which of the following? a. The lipoxygenase pathways release leukotrienes, adding to the late-phase inflammatory response. b. Arachidonic acid metabolism produces leukotrienes through cyclooxygenase pathways. c. Leukotrienes and prostaglandins are released through the cyclooxygenase pathway. d. It occurs during the early-phase inflammatory response
a. The lipoxygenase pathways release leukotrienes, adding to the late-phase inflammatory response.
Which of the following best describes afterload? a. The resistance against which the heart must pump b. The ability to generate pace making activity c. A deviation from normal d. The amount of blood in the ventricles before contraction
a. The resistance against which the heart must pump
Why is diuretic therapy used in patients with heart failure? a. To reduce excess fluid retention b. To increase cardiac output c. To decrease vasoconstriction and improve afterload d. To treat hyperkalemia
a. To reduce excess fluid retention
Which pneumocyte is responsible for the production of pulmonary surfactant? a. Type II b. Type III c. Type I d. Type IV
a. Type II
Resistance to anti-infectives can develop from all of the following except: a. Using narrow-spectrum antibiotics b. Organisms develop enzymes that bind to a drug and prevent it from attaching to the bacteria c. Patients who do not finish an anti-infective treatment d. Using broad-spectrum antibiotics
a. Using narrow-spectrum antibiotics
A patient you are caring for in the ICU has been diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. She was given a course of methicillin but has not shown any clinical or microbiological improvement. The most appropriate drug to treat her condition is: a. Vancomycin b. Erythromycin c. Tobramycin d. Zithromax
a. Vancomycin
You receive a call from the attending physician of a 68-year-old patient with chronic bronchitis. The physician reports that the patient has very thick secretions that she is unable to remove from her airway. He asks for your recommendations. The drug most indicated for this patient is: a. acetylcysteine b. Dornase alfa c. Survanta d. Sodium bicarbonate
a. acetylcysteine
What is the mechanism of action of mucomyst as a mucolytic? a. disrupting disulfide bonds b. disrupting plasma proteins(DNA) c. increasing alkalinity of mucus d. lysis of proteins in mucus
a. disrupting disulfide bonds
In heart failure, the following conditions can occur except: a. increased fluid removal by the kidneys b. ankle edema c. enlarged heart d. pulmonary edema
a. increased fluid removal by the kidneys
The main organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs is the: a. liver b. kidney c. lungs d. Brain
a. liver
What is another name for a sympathomimetic agent?
adrenergic agents
Which of the following solutions is isotonic NaCl? a. 0.45% b. 0.90% c .10% d. 5%
b. 0.90%
How many ml are equal to 1 l? a. 1 ml b. 1000 ml c. 100 ml d. 10 ml
b. 1000 ml
An adult female patient weighs 125 lb. To determine a mechanical tidal volume, you must convert her weight to kilograms. What is her weight in kilograms? a. 28 kg b. 57 kg c. 275 kg d. 63 kg
b. 57 kg
All of the following function as a natural defense to inhaled foreign material except: a. Antibodies b. Antigens c. Macrophages d. Lymphocytes
b. Antigens
All of the following function as a natural defense to inhaled foreign material except: a. Antibodies b. Antigens c. Macrophages d. Lymphocytes
b. Antigens
Prostaglandins may be inhibited by the administration of which of the following NSAIDS? a. Hydrocodone b. Aspirin c. Labetalol d. Vicodin
b. Aspirin
Which of the following refers to the ability of an agent to kill bacteria? a. Resistant b. Bactericidal c. Bacteriostatic d. Virucidal
b. Bactericidal
The antihistamine effect of Allegra is accomplished by which of the following mechanisms? a. Inhibiting the effect of histamine by blocking lipoxygenase pathways b. Blocking the action of histamine at the histamine 1 receptor c. Inhibiting cytokine from nasal epithelial cells d. Stabilizing the mast cell membrane and preventing the release of histamine
b. Blocking the action of histamine at the histamine 1 receptor
Which of the following will occur if B2 receptors are blocked? a. vasoconstriction b. Bronchoconstriction c. Constriction of the uterus d. bronchodilation
b. Bronchoconstriction
Sympathomemtics and anticholinergics are both an example of what? a. Antitussives b. Bronchodilators c. Mucolytics d. Anti Inflammatory
b. Bronchodilators
Which of the following conditions causes a decrease in blood pressure? a. Normal HR b. Decreased total peripheral resistance c. Increased SV d. Increased cardiac output
b. Decreased total peripheral resistance
Vasodilators that are used to decrease afterload forces on the heart include all the following except: a. ACE inhibitors b. Digoxin c. Hydralazine d. Nitrates
b. Digoxin
All of the following are considered to be a SABA except: a. Ventolin b. Foradil c. Pirbuterol d. Maxair
b. Foradil
Cardiac output is determined by multiplying which two factors? a. SV x TPR b. HR x SV c. HR x BSA d. BSA x TPR
b. HR x SV
You are called to the emergency room to administer a bland aerosol treatment to a patient for sputum induction. Which of the following agents would you select for its effect in producing irritation and cough? a. Sterile water b. Hypertonic saline c. Hypotonic saline d. Normal saline
b. Hypertonic saline
Which of the following effects does histamine have on the pulmonary system? a. Increased diffusion capacity b. Increased airway resistance c. mucus production d. Increased maximum expiratory flow rate
b. Increased airway resistance
Which one of the following effects is not a function of the parasympathetic nervous system: a. Increased activity of genitourinary system b. Increased cardiovascular activity c. Waste elimination d. Increased digestive acid
b. Increased cardiovascular activity
Which of the following anti-infective agents is considered to be a first-line treatment of TB? a. Amantadine b. Isoniazid c. Trecator d. Rimantadine
b. Isoniazid
Which of the following organs is primary for drug elimination? a. Lung b. Kidney c. Liver d. Intestine
b. Kidney
The sympathetic nervous system causes all of the following except: a. Increased skeletal muscle activity b. Lachrymal stimulation c. Contraction of the heart muscle d. Increased heart rate
b. Lachrymal stimulation
Of the following, the class of diuretics that is beneficial in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema is: a. Calcium-channel blockers b. Loop diuretics c. Potassium-sparing diuretics d. Thiazides
b. Loop diuretics
Which of the following is a low-molecular-weight heparin? a. Redfludan b. Lovenox c. Fondaparinux d. Warfarin
b. Lovenox
Which of the following refers to antibiotics that are only effective against a few microorganisms? a. Gram-positive b. Narrow-spectrum c. Gram-negative d. Broad-spectrum
b. Narrow-spectrum
Heparin can be administered by all of the following routes except: a. IV infusion b. Orally c. Subcutaneously d. IV bolus
b. Orally
What is one route by which methylxanthines can be administered to patients with COPD? a. Aerosol inhalation b. Orally c. Transcutaneous d. Direct endotracheal tube instillation
b. Orally
A physician asks you to evaluate the effectiveness of a patient's bronchodilator therapy. The test that would best quantify post treatment improvement in airway obstruction is: a. SPO2 b. PEFR (Peak Flow) c. ABG d. Chest Xray
b. PEFR (Peak Flow)
Which of the following will allow for immediate effective evaluation of improvement of airway obstruction following administration of a bronchodilator? a. ABG b. PEFR (Peak Flow) c. ECG d. Chest Xray
b. PEFR (Peak Flow)
Drugs that antagonize or block the parasympathetic response are referred to as: a. Antiadrenergics b. Parasympathomimetics c. Cholinergics d. Parasympatholytics
b. Parasympathomimetics
What is the mechanism of action of Pulmozyme? a. Disrupts disulfide bonds b. Proteolytic enzyme breaks down DNA c. Increases water content to mucus d. Nucleus lysis of the mucus cell
b. Proteolytic enzyme breaks down DNA
Side effects of beta-agonists include all except which of the following? a. Increased heart rate b. Salivation c. Palpitations d. Nervousness
b. Salivation
Which of the following nervous systems has been nicknamed the "fight-or-flight" system? a. Parasympathetic system b. Sympathetic system c. Somatic system d. Peripheral system
b. Sympathetic system
What is the first pass effect? a. The first time the drug passes through the kidneys b. The initial metabolism via the liver of oral drugs c. The initial dose of drug administered systemically d. The first binding of drugs to receptor sites
b. The initial metabolism via the liver of oral drugs
You are seeing a patient in his home to check his oxygen equipment. When you arrive, the patient appears anxious and states that he has a headache. As you review his medication list, the patient informs you that he started taking erythromycin 3 days ago for a respiratory infection. You are concerned that he may be experiencing a drug interaction from the erythromycin and which of the following drugs? a. Oxygen b. Theophylline c. Tylenol d. Albuterol
b. Theophylline
Susceptibility testing is performed for which of the following reasons? a. To determine the type of cell wall of the organism b. To identify which antimicrobial agent will fight the organism c. To differentiate bacteria from viruses d. To identify a suspected organism
b. To identify which antimicrobial agent will fight the organism
Which of the following is a ventricular arrhythmia? a. Atrial flutter b. Torsades de pointes c. Atrial fibrillation d. PSVT
b. Torsades de pointes
Which of the following physiologic responses would you anticipate with the exogenous application of nitric oxide? a. Bronchoconstriction b. Vasodilation c. Vasoconstriction d. Anemia
b. Vasodilation
Which of the following organisms are classified by whether they contain RNA or DNA? a. Bacilli b. Viruses c. Fungi d. Bacteria
b. Viruses
In order to make dosage adjustments for heparin, which of the following should be obtained? a. vitamin K levels b. aPTT lab tests c. urine output d. INR
b. aPTT lab tests
Parenterally administered drugs require comparatively lower doses than oral medications due to elimination of what effect? a. volume dilution effect b. first-pass effect c. gastrointestinal dilution effect d. hemoconcentration effect
b. first-pass effect
An increase in heart rate and force of contraction may best be achieved by: a. alpha stimulation b. β1 stimulation c. beta blocker agent d. β2 stimulation
b. β1 stimulation
All of the following are true regarding writing numbers in health-care documentation except: a. Any decimal number should always be preceded by a 0. b. Following general guidelines when writing numbers can help prevent medication errors. c. 0 should always follow a decimal point. d. Recommendations about proper technique in writing numbers are made by the JCAHO.
c. 0 should always follow a decimal point.
150 lbs. =_______ kg a. 64.9kg b. 72.3kg c. 68.18kg d. 330.0kg
c. 68.18kg
The name of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter is: a. Adrenalin b. Cholinesterase c. Acetylcholine d. Norepinephrine
c. Acetylcholine
A treatment regime for a patient with thick, retained secretions who is currently receiving oxygen should include all the following except: a. Bland aerosol with sterile water via a LVN b. Deep breathing, assisted coughing, and suctioning c. Administration of an antitussive, such as dextromethorphan d. Intermittent treatments with Mucomyst and short-acting bronchodilator
c. Administration of an antitussive, such as dextromethorphan
The combination of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol create which of the following? a. Flovent b. Nasacort c. Advair d. Pulmicort
c. Advair
Tapered doses of exogenous pharmacologic corticosteroid drugs are used to do which of the following? a. Increase adrenal suppression b. Reduce stimulation of the hypothalamus c. Allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids d. Reduce the release of glucose
c. Allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids
Tapered doses of exogenous pharmacologic corticosteroid drugs are used to do which of the following? a. Increase adrenal suppression b. Reduce stimulation of the hypothalamus c. Allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids d. Reduce the release of glucose
c. Allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids
Which type of medication helps inhibit the aggregation and release of thromboplastin? a. Fibrinolytics b. Anticoagulants c. Antiplatelet d. Thrombolytics
c. Antiplatelet
Dextromethorphan is considered to be which of the following? a. Mucolytic b. Surfactant c. Antitussive d. Expectorant
c. Antitussive
A patient presents with RSV. What classification of medication will you administer to this patient? a. Antibiotic b. Antimuscarinic c. Antiviral d. Antifungal
c. Antiviral
Which of the following vessels contain more vascular smooth muscle and are considered the main resistance vessels? a. Capillaries b. Venules c. Arterioles d. Veins
c. Arterioles
Immunoglobulins are produced by which of the following? a. Antigens b. Macrophages c. B lymphocytes d. Antibodies
c. B lymphocytes
Which of the following antihistamine medications is considered to be a first-generation antihistamine? a. Zyrtec b. Allegra c. Benadryl d. Claritin
c. Benadryl
Stimulation of which receptors results in bronchodilation? a. Beta1 b. Gamma c. Beta2 d. Alpha
c. Beta2
Of the following, which one would you anticipate to happen with parasympathetic stimulation? a. Increased Contractility b. Increased Heart Rate c. Bronchoconstriction d. Pupil Dilation
c. Bronchoconstriction
The most common side effect of inhaled steroids is: a. Hypocalcemia b. Hypoglycemia c. Candidiasis d. Hypertension
c. Candidiasis
A beta-blocker could: a. Bronchodilate b. Dilate pupils c. Decrease heart rate d. Increase heart rate
c. Decrease heart rate
The type of asthma that responds to immunotherapy or allergy shots is: a. Intrinsic b. Nonatopic c. Extrinsic d. Anaphylactic
c. Extrinsic
Which anticoagulant agent must be given via the parenteral route? a. Asprin b. Coumadin c. Heparin d. Warfarin
c. Heparin
A patient presents with dyspnea, increase work of breathing, shortness of breath, and a heart rate of approximately 145 bpm. The individual is 25 years old, has a 10-pack-a-year smoking history, and is otherwise healthy. Auscultation reveals diffuse expiratory wheezes bilaterally. You understand that the patient needs a beta2-agonist medication as a rescue medication, but you are fearful of the increase in heart rate associated with the administration of Ventolin. Which of the following rescue beta2-agonist medications would you recommend to help reduce the cardiac side effects? a. Salmeterol b. Foradil c. Levalbuterol d. Serevent
c. Levalbuterol
You are utilizing a parasympathomimetic agent. The following is a true statement: a. α 1 receptors will be blocked b. α1 receptors will be stimulated c. M3 receptors will be stimulated d. M3 receptors will be blocked
c. M3 receptors will be stimulated
During an asthmatic attack, the production of arachidonic acid results in all the following except: a. Leukotriene release b. A cascade of chemical mediators c. Mast cell membrane destruction d. Prostaglandin release
c. Mast cell membrane destruction/
Which of the following are the two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system? a. Muscarinic and NE b. Nicotinic and muscarinic c. NE and Ach d. dopamine and NE
c. NE and Ach
Which of the following scenarios would you not administer daptomycin? a. Gram-positive organisms b. MRSA bloodstream infections c. Pneumonias d. VREs
c. Pneumonias
Which type of nebulizer should ribavirin be administered with? a. PARI Neb b. BAN c. SPAG d. Ultrasonic neb
c. SPAG
All of the following medications are considered beta-blockers except: a. Atenolol b. Propranolol c. Salmeterol d. Labetalol
c. Salmeterol
Which of the following bronchodilators is intended for long-term maintenance of asthma that does not have a rapid onset? a. Racemic epinephrine b. Terbutaline c. Salmeterol d. Albuterol
c. Salmeterol
An increase in airway resistance caused by excessive mucus production would be best characterized by which of the following? a. Inflammation b. Bronchospasm c. Secretions d. Bronchoconstriction
c. Secretions
Which of the following is an example of a long-acting anticholinergic medication? a. Atrovent b. Ipratropium bromide c. Spiriva d. Atropine
c. Spiriva
All of the following are true regarding dopamine receptors except: a. Stimulation causes an increase in perfusion to the kidneys. b. Stimulation causes relaxation of the renal arteries. c. Stimulation causes constriction of the rental arteries d. They are found in renal tissues.
c. Stimulation causes constriction of the rental arteries.
The system responsible for a rise in heart rate and blood pressure when your instructor announces a surprise quiz is the: a. Central nervous system b. Parasympathetic system c. Sympathetic system d. Somatic system
c. Sympathetic system
Which of the following are vessels that have little musculature and are considered capacitance vessels? a. Capillaries b. Arterioles c. Systemic veins d. Arteries
c. Systemic veins
Which of the following is true concerning the administration of oral corticosteroids? a. They do not cause Cushing syndrome. b. They do not cause HPA suppression. c. They are at high risk for steroid dependence. d. They are expensive.
c. They are at high risk for steroid dependence.
Which of the following is true concerning the administration of oral corticosteroids? a. They do not cause Cushing syndrome. b. They do not cause HPA suppression. c. They are at high risk for steroid dependence. d. They are expensive.
c. They are at high risk for steroid dependence.
Which of the following anticholinergic bronchodilators is available as a dry-powder inhaler? a. Atropine sulfate b. Combivent c. Tiotropium bromide d. Ipratropium bromide
c. Tiotropium bromide
A patient is admitted with respiratory infection associated with cystic fibrosis. He is to receive an aerosolized antimicrobial. Which of the following medications would you recommend? a. Ribavirin b. Ampicillin c. Tobramycin c. Streptomycin
c. Tobramycin
Which valve separates the right atrium and ventricle? a. Aortic semilunar valve b. Pulmonic semilunar valve c. Tricuspid valve d. Bicuspid valve
c. Tricuspid valve
Pharmacologic agents used to treat shock include all of the following except: a. Vasopressin b. Dopamine c. Verapamil d. Epinephrine
c. Verapamil
A recent respiratory therapy order reads " 2.5 mg Albuterol Q.4. and prn." This means that the physician wants the patient to receive this treatment _____ and _____. a. once; at bedtime b. once; as needed c. every 4 hours; as needed d. four times; at bedtime
c. every 4 hours; as needed
When the range of drug concentration required to produce the desired effect in the body is reached, the drug is at the: a. teratogenic range b. potentiation point c. therapeutic range d. steady state
c. therapeutic range
Which is an example of a LAMA? a. Albuterol (Proventil) b. Atropine Sulfate c. umeclidinium (Incruse) d. Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
c. umeclidinium (Incruse)
Types of adrenergic receptors include: a. β only b. Muscarinic and nicotinic c. α, β, and dopamine d. α and nicotinic
c. α, β, and dopamine
A patient comes in to the ER after having ingested an entire bottle of acetaminophen. What medication would you recommend administering? a. Dornase alfa b. Salmeterol c.acetylcysteine d. Pulmozyme
c.acetylcysteine
Which of the following suffixes are generally associated with beta-blockers? a. -Ine b. -One c. -Sin d. -Lol
d. -Lol
If a drug order is written for 0.25 mg/kg of body weight, what dosage would be administered to a patient weighing 88 lb.? a.22 mg b. 44 mg c. 40 mg d. 10 mg
d. 10 mg
Which type of medication would you administer to help prevent the formation of a fibrin clot? a. Fibrinolytic b. ACE inhibitor c. Calcium-channel blocker d. Anticoagulant
d. Anticoagulant
After an antigen-antibody reaction occurs, all of the following events contribute to the early-phase inflammatory response except: a. Antibodies attacking antigens b. Mast cell membrane rupturing c. Release of chemical mediators d. Arachidonic acid metabolism
d. Arachidonic acid metabolism
After an antigen-antibody reaction occurs, all of the following events contribute to the early-phase inflammatory response except: a. Antibodies attacking antigens b. Mast cell membrane rupturing c. Release of chemical mediators d. Arachidonic acid metabolism
d. Arachidonic acid metabolism
Which of the following is an anticholinergic bronchodilator? a. Serevent b. Saligenin c. Salmeterol d. Atrovent
d. Atrovent
Antibiotic agents are used to treat which of the following organisms? a. Fungi b. Viruses c. Parasites d. Bacteria
d. Bacteria
Which receptor is found primarily in the lungs? a. Alpha 1 b. Beta 1 c. Alpha 2 d. Beta 2
d. Beta 2
Contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle is called which of the following? a. Secretion b. Bronchoconstriction c. Inflammation d. Bronchospasm
d. Bronchospasm
A patient overdosed on Tylenol and the MD had you administer an oral dose of Mucomyst to inactivate tylenol. The administration of Mucomyst defines which of the following? a. Additivity b. Trade name c. Brand name d. Chemical Antagonism
d. Chemical Antagonism
What type of receptor binds with acetylcholine? a. Dopamine b. Beta c. Alpha d. Cholinergic
d. Cholinergic
All of the following are means by which administration of a vasodilator will decrease afterload except? a. Dilation of venous vessels b. Dilation of arterial vessels c. Dilation of both arterial and venous vessels d. Constriction of arterial vessels
d. Constriction of arterial vessels
Which physiologic response is expected when acetylcholine is released to the muscarinic receptor? a. Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle b. Increase in myocardial contraction c. Increase in heart rate d. Constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
d. Constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
Which of the following agents would affect a patient's electrical conduction system? a. Chronotropic b. Refractory c. Inotropic d. Dromotropic
d. Dromotropic
Antitussives are indicated for which of the following conditions? a. Bronchospasm accompanied by frequent cough b. Accumulation of the thick secretions leading to shortness of breath c. Pulmonary edema d. Dry, hacking, nonproductive cough
d. Dry, hacking, nonproductive cough
The nebulized combination medication of Albuterol and Atrovent is called the following? a.Tudorza b. AccuNeb c. Combivent d. DuoNeb
d. DuoNeb
Guaifenesin is which of the following? a. Mucolytic b. Surface-active agent c. Antitussive d. Expectorant
d. Expectorant
The name given to a drug that is considered the nonproprietary name and that is not owned by any particular pharmaceutical company is the: a. Chemical name b. Trade name c. Brand name d. Generic name
d. Generic name
Antihistamines have their effect primarily on which of the following receptors? a. Histamine 2 b. Beta1 c. Beta2 d. Histamine 1
d. Histamine 1
Your patient is in need of a drug administered via a route that allows for slow absorption. Which route do you recommend? a. Sublingual b. Dermal c. Inhalation d. IV
d. IV
Lack of surfactant in premature infants less than 34 weeks' gestation is a result of: a. Aspiration b. Perinatal asphyxia c. Damaged type I pneumocytes d. Immature type II pneumocytes
d. Immature type II pneumocytes
ACE inhibitors are used to reduce the work of the heart by: a. Improving cardiac contractility b. Correcting an electrolyte imbalance c. Slowing the heart rate d. Inducing vasodilation
d. Inducing vasodilation
An increase in airway resistance caused by the influx of chemical mediators and other items to help fight off infection or foreign objects is best characterized by which of the following? a. Bronchospasm b. Bronchoconstriction c. Secretions d. Inflammation
d. Inflammation
The mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium is the: a. Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism b. Suppression of HPA c. Stimulation of lipoxygenase pathways d. Inhibition of calcium influx into the mast cell, which prevents the release of chemical mediators
d. Inhibition of calcium influx into the mast cell, which prevents the release of chemical mediators
Which of the following agents would affect a patient's contractility of the heart? a. Chronotropic b. Refractory c. Dromotropic d. Inotropic
d. Inotropic
All of the following explain the function of the somatic nervous system except: a. Voluntary movement b. Conduction of sensory information c. Skeletal muscle movement d. Involuntary control
d. Involuntary control
Montelukast® is considered to be which of the following types of medications? a. Mast cell stabilizer b. Nasal decongestant c. Corticosteroid d. Leukotriene modifier
d. Leukotriene modifier
Singulair is considered to be which of the following types of medications? a. Nasal decongestant b. Mast cell stabilizer c. Corticosteroid d. Leukotriene modifier
d. Leukotriene modifier
What term is used to describe a drug dose that is first administered to rapidly achieve a therapeutic concentration? a. Bioavailability b. Maintenance dose c. Therapeutic index d. Loading dose
d. Loading dose
Where in the body is angiotensin I converted to angiotensin II? a. Kidneys b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Lungs
d. Lungs
The primary action of neurotransmitters takes place at the: a. Presynaptic neuron b. Postsynaptic neuron c. Nerve axon d. Neuroeffector site
d. Neuroeffector site
Which of the following contributes to mucous clearance from the airways by altering the water content of the mucus? a. Infasurf b. Dornase alfa c. Mucomyst d. Normal saline
d. Normal saline
An antifungal used to treat Candida albicans is: a. Azole b. Diflucan c. Monistat d. Nystatin
d. Nystatin
Which medication has been used as a replacement in decongestants due to abuse of pseudoephedrine? a. Loratidine b. Budesonide c. Cetirizine d. Phenylephrine
d. Phenylephrine
Which of the following is considered the pacemaker of the heart? a. AV node b. Bundle of His c. Purkinje fibers d. SA node
d. SA node
Which of the following mechanisms does not cause bronchodilation? a. Blocking the effects of the parasympathetic system b. Stimulating the conversion of cyclic AMP to GMP c. Inhibiting the action of phosphodiesterase d. Stimulating the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (or cAMP)
d. Stimulating the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (or cAMP)
When an individual experiences an increase in cardiac output, increased depth of ventilation, and an decrease in metabolism, which nervous system has been activated? a. Parasympathetic system b. Somatic system c. Central system d. Sympathetic system
d. Sympathetic system
What indicates that an asthma attack is allergy related? a. A late-phase response b. An early phase response c. Mast cell degranulation d. The presence of eosinophils
d. The presence of eosinophils
Which of the following is used to treat symptoms? a. Chemotherapeutic agents b. Orphan Drugs c. Toxicological agents d. Therapeutic Agents
d. Therapeutic Agents
Which of the following prophylactic therapies is recommended to reduce the irritant effect of acetylcysteine? a. administration of anticholinergics b. administration of dornase alfa c. administration of corticosteroids d. administration of adrenergic bronchodilator
d. administration of adrenergic bronchodilator
Which dosage form will make its way into circulation the fastest? a. enteral b. sublingual c. topical d. parenteral
d. parenteral
convert mg to % which way do u move
left
What are the three layers of the airway?
mucosa, submucosa, adventitia
Beta2-receptor stimulation results in bronchial smooth muscle contraction. True False
true
Name 2 professional Respiratory organizations (2 bonus points possible)
AARC American Association of Respiratory Care NBRC National Board for Respiratory Care CoARC Commission for Accreditation of Respiratory Care
Name the four processes of Pharmacokinetcs:
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Eliminiation or ADME!!
When you give two drugs together that result in the summation of the two medications and is mathematically expressed as 1 + 1 = 2, which term is being described?
Additive
Name 2 factors that can impair the cilliary activity within the mucocilliary escalator?
ET tubes, extreme temperature, high concentration of Oxygen, dust fumes and smoke, Dehydration, Thick mucus, Infections, Narcotics, Dry gases
Allergic asthma is also called intrinsic asthma. True False
False
An adverse drug reaction is the same as an allergic reaction. True False
False
Beta2-receptor stimulation results in bronchoconstriction. True False
False
Chemical mediators are not released during mast cell degranulation. True False
False
Dopamine receptors are a type of muscarinic receptor. True False
False
Stimulation of the parasympathetic system will cause inhibition of digestion. True False
False
When monitoring the outcome of inhaled bronchodilator therapy, what is an indication to stop treatment?
Increase of HR by 20 bpm or 20% palpations tremors be more specific about the adverse reations, pt may actually wheeze more after they receive a tx
A 20% solution would mean that there are 20 g of active ingredient in 100 ml of solution. True False
True
A contraindication is a reason not to give the medication. True False
True
A formulary is a list of drugs available in a particular health-care system. True False
True
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist. True False
True
Alpha1-receptors are primarily located in the blood vessels. True False
True
An anticholinergic is a parasympatholytic. True False
True
An increase in mucus production and impaired ciliary function can overwhelm the pulmonary system? True False
True
Antigens are inhaled foreign material. True False
True
B lymphocytes produce antigen-specific antibodies. True False
True
Bronchoconstriction is characterized by a reduction of the airway's inner diameter. True False
True
IgE is mostly associated with allergic reactions True False
True
Mold is a common antigen True False
True
The USP is responsible for establishing drug standards for the United States. True False
True
The lungs are innervated by the Vagus nerve? True False
True
The sympathetic system uses adrenergic receptors. True False
True
emetics are agents that induce vomiting. True False
True
convert % to mg which way do u move
right
