ResarchMethodsQUIZ4wk10-11

____ is the position that quantitative and qualitative research methods and philosophies can be combined.

Compatibility thesis

_____ validity is providing an accurate description of a particular phenomenon, situation, or group

Descriptive

Each of the following is a type of case study except

Extrinsic

The following are types of case study

Instrumental Intrinsic Collective

_____ is one way to avoid researcher bias in qualitative research

Negative-case sampling

__ is the philosophy focusing on what works as the criterion of what should be viewed as tentatively true and useful in research and practice.

Pragmatism

If you were conducting a study in which you created a research report that discussed the rituals and norms that were characteristic of the group of people you were studying and focused on how the group members interacted with each other, you would most likely have conducted

an ethnographic study

A person who has an unusually excellent memory is studied for a better understanding of how memory works. The self-reports of how this mnemonist remembers constitute

an intrinsic case study

The narrative report for an ethnography should

be a holistic report of the culture

A weakness of the mixed methods approach is that

because expertise is needed to two areas it can be difficult to find people qualified to perform both types research.

What kinds of data are most likely to be affected by the "reactive effect?"

data collected by participant observers

Jim has transcribed hours of audiotape from survivors of a plane crash. He believes he has identified some themes in their stories but before continuing with his research he asks some of his colleagues to read the transcripts and form their own interpretations. In doing this Jim is trying to establish __________ validity through the method of __________.

descriptive; investigator triangulation

A key characteristic of grounded theory is

development of a theory based on empirical data

It is important that an ethnographic researcher focuses on describing their culture from the insider or ________ perspective, as well as from the outsider's or __________ perspective.

emic;etic

Judging others on the basis of your own cultural standards is referred to as

ethnocentrism.

Methods to enhance theoretical validity include

extended fieldwork. theory triangulation. peer review.

Qualitative research is interpretive, which involves

extracting information from non-numerical data

Because much of data collection in qualitative research is spent interviewing and observing participants in their natural environment, data collection is sometimes called ____________, and notes taken by the researcher are called ________

fieldwork; fieldnotes

In ethnographic qualitative research, ________ are group members who control a researcher's access to the rest of the group members

gatekeepers

It is important for ethnographic researchers to balance the insider and outsider perspectives. If a researcher becomes overly involved in a group - to the point where they are no longer objective - it is referred to as

going native

When evaluating internal validity in qualitative research, both _____________ causation, an action by a particular person in a local situation with an observable result, and _____________ causation, the standard view of causation in science, are important.

ideographic; nomological

Which type of validity important in mixed method research is present when the researcher provides both the insider and objective outsider perspectives?

inside-outside validity

The case study of Phineas Gage is fascinating. In 1848 Gage was a railroad worker who was the victim of a horrible accident when an explosion caused a tamping iron to be shot through his skull. Gage survived but with several physical and psychological problems. The study of Gage after the accident provided scientists with great insight into the role of the brain in behavior. This is an example of a(n) ___________ case study

instrumental

Dr. Staines has repeatedly read that multiple personality disorder does not occur in elderly males, yet she is currently working in private practice with an 80-year-old man who fits diagnostic criteria for the disorder. She publishes her notes on her work with this person to show that the prevailing wisdom is not completely correct. She has done a(n)____ study

instrumental case

By studying the brain-damaged patient "H.M." researchers were able to identify the hippocampus as an important structure in the brain for the creation of new long term memories. The in-depth study of HM that led to this knowledge can most accurately be referred to as

intrinsic case study

Which is a strength of qualitative research?

it can provide an in-depth understanding of an individual or situation

Qualitative research can be described in the following way:

it is interpretive, involves multiple methods, and focuses on people in their natural enviornment

Which of the following is true about grounded theory?

it uses empirical data to theory

External validity in qualitative research

less important than in quantitative research because researchers generally are not interested in generalizing their findings

The research approach that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods is referred to as

mixed research

A collective case study is different from other case studies in that

more than one individual is studied

The initial stage of data analysis in grounded theory is referred to as

open coding

When trying to increase interpretive validity in qualitative research, it is important to have _____________ which is checking with participants to see if they agree with the researcher's statements, interpretations, and conclusions.

participant feedback

If a researcher joined a religious cult to see how members are recruited and why affiliation is so strong, she would be using the

participant-observer method.

To boast a qualitative studies theoretical validity, a researcher may construct and test a complex hypothesis. This is called

pattern matching

Discussing the findings and interpretations of your research with other researchers is important in establishing theoretical validity and is referred to as

peer review

Qualitative researchers use many methods in part to

provide a better understanding of the phenomenon being investigated

A focus on testing groups of individuals with a primary goal of generalizing findings characterizes ________ research, while intensive study of individuals with less concern for generalizability characterizes ________ research

quantitative; qualitative

Which of the following is NOT a method for reducing researcher bias in qualitative research?

reactivity

Which of the following is a method for reducing researcher bias in qualitative research?

reflexivity

The method of establishing internal validity that focuses on the researcher carefully thinking about the cause and effect before drawing a conclusion is called

researcher as detective

Which type of validity important in mixed method research states that researchers must not treat the quantitative and qualitative samples as equal, but, instead, draw appropriate conclusions from each sample?

sample integration validity

In grounded theory the aspect of data analysis that involves putting on the "finishing touches" by developing the main idea.

selective coding

In terms of report writing, quantitative studies focus on ___________ while qualitative studies focus on _________.

statistical results; descriptive narratives

A significant risk inherent in participant observation is

the reactive effect

Which of the following is of the four key characteristics of grounded theory?

the theory should contribute to some control of the phenomenon. the theory must provide understanding of the phenomenon newly constructed grounded theory should fit the data

Triangulation in qualitative research may include

the use of multiple data sources. the use of multiple methods to study a phenomenon. the use of multiple theories to interpret data

_____ occurs when no new information relevant to the grounded theory is emerging from the data and the grounded theory has been sufficiently validated.

theoretical saturation

Mixed methods design scheme is based on two dimensions; ____________ in which one of the two dimensions used are concurrent and sequential, and ____________ in which one of the two dimensions used are equal status and dominant status.

time order; paradigm emphasis

To enhance interpretive validity researchers' reports should include "low-inference descriptors" which means that they should

try to use participants' own words as much as possible

Internal validity in qualitative research focuses on

understanding how variables are causally related in a particular context