Research C10 research study (done)

24. Dr. Alfonse, a developmental psychologist, conducts a study to determine whether children prefer books with drawn illustrations or with photographs. A group of 45 first graders are given two copies of a book (Little Red Riding Hood) at the same time. Although the story is the same, one book is illustrated with drawings and the other is illustrated with photos. Students are then asked to indicate which book they prefer. This is an example of which of the following designs? TRUE OR FALSE ___Longitudinal design ___Repeated-measures design ___Concurrent-measures design ___Posttest-only design

Concurrent-measures design

27. Order effects can be controlled by using which of the following techniques? TRUE OR FALSE ___ Random assignment ___ Design confounds ___ Increasing demand characteristics ___ Counterbalancing

Counterbalancing

QUESTION Which of the following is a dependent variable in Dr. Lonsbary's study? _____________________________________

Number of Words Remembered

30. Which of the following study designs is Dr. Acitelli using? YES OR NO ___ Pretest/posttest design ___ Concurrent-measures design ___ Repeated-measures design ___ Posttest-only design

Posttest-only design

23. For which of the following reasons might a researcher choose a pretest/ posttest design? TRUE OR FALSE ___To ensure that random assignment made the treatment/comparison groups equal ___To determine how groups change over the course of the experiment ___To avoid selection threats

To ensure that random assignment made the treatment/comparison groups equal

26. Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within- groups designs but not in independent-groups designs? FIRST - Define internal validity ___ Then answer T or F ___Selection effects ___Design confounds ___Counterbalancing ___Demand characteristics ___Practice effects

alternative explanations, T T F T T

22. An independent-groups design is also known as a _____________ design.

between-subject design

QUESTION Dr. Lonsbary's study asked participants to report on their mood before completing the memory test. Dr. Lonsbary's decision to include this step was done to address the study's ___________ validity:

construct

QUESTION What is the independent variable in Dr. Lonsbary's study? ________________________

listening to the CD

16. Dr. Kline (an environmental psychologist) conducts a study to examine whether visiting zoos causes people to have more positive attitudes toward environmental conservation. He asks a group of 45 people attending the zoo on a Saturday morning about their attitudes. He finds that 69% of the people report having a positive attitude after their visit. Which of the following is true for Dr. Kline's study? TRUE OR FALSE ___He is lacking a control group. ___ He did not manipulate an independent variable. ___ He cannot make a causal statement. ___ He is unable to determine covariance.

true true false

QUESTION In Dr. Lonsbary's study, which of the following types of groups exists? TRUE OR FALSE ___ Control group ___ Treatment group ___ Placebo group

true true false

18. Which of the following is true of selection effects? TRUE OR FALSE ___ They are a type of confound. ___They can occur when experimenters allow participants to choose their own treatment group. ___They can occur when researchers assign one type of person to one treatment group and another type of person to another treatment group.

true true true

25. Which of the following are advantages of within-groups designs: TRUE OR FALSE ___Participants in the treatment/control groups will be equivalent ___It is less time-consuming for the participants ___It gives researchers more power to find differences between conditions ___They require fewer participants

true true true true

28. Which of the following is a disadvantage of within-groups designs? YES OR NO ___ There is a potential for order effects. ___ There is a potential for demand characteristics. ___ Depending on the independent variable, these designs are not always possible.

yes yes yes

QUESTION Which of the following is a control variable in Dr. Lonsbary's study, YES or NO? ___The number of words on the word list ___ The amount of time allowed for remembering/writing the words ___ The amount of time allowed for memorizing the words

yes yes yes

QUESTION Which of the following should Dr. Lonsbary conclude from her study? YES or NO ___Being in a mood other than neutral causes people to have a better memory. ___Listening to music can cause changes in mood. ___Being in a happy mood does not cause more of a change in memory than being in a sad mood.

yes yes yes

15. When conducting an experiment what is provided by the independent variable? YES OR NO ___ A comparison group ___ Evidence of covariance ___Proof of temporal precedence ___Confirmation of internal validity

yes yes yes yes