Research Chapter 2 Test
Which of the following statements best represents a hypothesis? a. "Attractive defendants will receive lower ratings of guilt than unattractive defendants". b. "Grocery stores sell more ice cream during the summer than during the winter". c. "Amount of time spent studying and test performance are related". d. "Extraverts are more successful as sales people than are introverts".
"Amount of time spent studying and test performance are related".
What is a theory
(An) overall idea/ideas that guide(s) our way of thinking about a topic.
Parts of a Research Paper
1. The introduction includes a description of prior findings in the area of study. - Introduction also includes descriptions of what was done in the past and why the present study is conducted. 2. The method explains exactly how the study was conducted. - The results section describes the findings of the study. 3. The discussion interprets/explains the findings. 4. Practical applications of the study conducted would be included in the DISCUSSION section.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction?
A hypothesis is a statement about the connection between two variables. A prediction is specifically about the results of an experiment.
What is the definition of a prediction?
A statement about the expected outcome of an experiment.
What is the definition of a hypothesis?
A tentative statement that something may be true.
The first section of a journal article that summarizes the article.
Abstract
What are the five sections of a journal article?
Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion
Testing ____________ sayings is important because they often turn out to be incorrect.
Common Sense
A set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena.
Hypothesis
People who give the researcher information about a topic.
Informants
Where you would find past literature and/or a description of the reason for the study conducted.
Introduction
This is where you would find the details of how the study was conducted.
Method
From which source did the effects of music videos on children initially come?
Observation
These are people who participate in a study.
Participants
What is the difference between participants and subjects?
Participants are humans. Subjects are not necessarily humans.
Because of tension between the police department and the citizens of Metropolis, the city council surveys residents for suggestions on how to improve police-community relations. This example best illustrates _____ as a source of research ideas.
Practical Problems
Why is it important to explore prior research on a topic before beginning any research project?
Prior findings are useful for clarifying and generating research ideas.
A theory can never be_____________
Proven
The American Psychological Association computer database that stores the contents of Psychological Abstracts is
PsycINFO
What is the difference between the Results and Discussion sections?
Results section uses statistical language and simply provides what happened in the experiment. The discussion explains what the results mean and gives the practical implications.
Making a discovery as the result of accident or luck is known as _________.
Serendepidy
Which tool would you use to find other articles that cite an original article you are using?
Social Science Citation Index
What is a respondent?
Someone who completes a survey
These take part in a study in a study (not necessarily people).
Subjects
If a prediction is confirmed, a hypothesis is ___________.
Supported
What are the sources of ideas for research projects we discussed in chapter 2?
Theory, Past research, Observation, Common sense (and Practical problems)
When is a theory supported?
When the results of an experiment are consistent with a prediction developed by the theory.
Theories:
a theory generates new knowledge by guiding our observations, helps organize and explain specific facts, guides our observations of the world, and is used to generate research hypotheses.
What is untrue of theories?
a. It is sometimes necessary to modify a theory. b. Theories help generate new knowledge. c. Theories help organize and explain a variety of facts. * d. If studies provide support for the hypothesis, the theory is proven. *
Databases in the Book
a. PsycINFO b. Psychological Abstracts c. Psychological Bulletin d. Social Science Citation Index
A theory a. generates new knowledge by guiding our observations. b. is proven after many studies support its predictions. c. is an established fact after being confirmed at least 100 times. d. categorizes data into distinct groups.
a. generates new knowledge by guiding our observations.
A researcher designs a study to look at the relationship between gender and time spent talking in a group. The researcher states, "In a balanced mixed gender group, males will talk more than females." This is an example of a a. hypothesis. b. prediction. c. question. d. moral judgment.
b. Prediction
A theory a. helps organize and explain specific facts. b. guides our observations of the world. c. is used to generate research hypotheses. d. all of these
d. All of these
Which of the following is NOT true of theories? a. It is sometimes necessary to modify a theory. b. Theories help generate new knowledge. c. Theories help organize and explain a variety of facts. d. If studies provide support for the hypothesis, the theory is proven.
d. If studies provide support for the hypothesis, the theory is proven.
Sources of information for research
theory, past research, observation, or common sense.