Research Methods Pretest

_____________ maintains that a researcher will not release names of participants, while _________________ infers that a participant's identity will not be known even to the researcher.

Confidentiality; Anonymity

Generally, sample size is more important than obtaining a representative sample.

False

Mail surveys are fairly inexpensive to complete and typically have high response rates.

False

Researchers never include questions that have been used in other surveys because it is unethical to do so.

False

Response rates and participation rates are the same thing.

False

Researchers aim for a __________ response rate, since a ____________ response rate biases the sample.

High; low

_________________ are statements about the expected relationship between two concepts/measures.

Hypotheses

____________ is concerned with the consistency of a measurement.

Reliability

A sample must first be ________________ in order to be ___________________.

Representative; generalized

_________________ is achieved when the sample provides an accurate picture of the larger population

Representativeness

A ____________________ relationship is one where it appears that X and Y are causally related, but the relationship is actually explained by something other than the independent variable, or X.

Spurious

Generally speaking, sampling error gets smaller as the sample size gets larger.

True

Internal Review Boards exist today to check compliance of both federally funded and non-funded research.

True

Identify the dependent variable in the following research question: Does police presence in schools reduce bullying?

bullying

typically have high response rates and allow interviewers to probe for additional information, but is typically the most expensive survey distribution method.

face to face interviews

refers to the ability of the results from a sample to accurately "apply" to the larger population.

generalizability

typically inexpensive to complete, but only applies to the small number of participants that can be easily gathered.

group administered surveys

Identify the independent variable in the following research question: Do police sobriety checkpoints reduce drunken driving fatalities?

police sobriety check point

___________________ refers to a measure of the dependent variable or outcome measure before the treatment or intervention is delivered.

pre-test

refers to the characteristics of sample such that they accurately reflect or "represent" the characteristics of the larger population.

representativeness

refers to the expected difference in results or outcomes between a sample and a population

sampling error

____________________________ occurs when respondents provide answers to survey questions that do not necessarily reflect the respondent's beliefs, but rather social norms.

social desirability

can be completed very quickly with the help of random digit dialing, but may be affected by cell phone only households.

telephone interview

A weakness in one area component of survey design can be rectified by the strengths of another area.

False

Which of the following are characteristics of probability sampling methods?

All of the above a. Every member of the population has an equal chance at selection for the sample b. Researchers have access to a complete listing of the population c. . Researchers use a random and unbiased process for selection

Where might researchers obtain survey questions?

All of these are possible sources for survey questions a. Personally constructed questions b. All of these are possible sources for survey questions c. Reliable questions used in prior surveys d. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)

Which of the following are self-administered methods of survey distribution?

B and C only a. Telephone interviews b. Mail c. Internet

A positive association between X and Y means:

Both A and B Answers: a. As X decreases, Y decreases b. As X increases, Y increases

Data obtained and reanalyzed by researchers for a different purpose than originally collected is referred to as ___________________________.

Data obtained and reanalyzed by researchers for a different purpose than originally collected is referred to as ___________________________.

In the classic experimental design, the __________________ group receives the treatment, and the ____________ group does not receive the treatment.

Experimental; Control

The simplest and most subjective means to measure validity is:

Face validity

The ______________ is the cause that determines or precedes the other variable in time.

Independent variable

__________________ attempts to explore the "why" things occur the way they do and ____________________ examines "what" has occurred.

Qualitative Research; Quantitative Research