respiration and

Which respiration processes are aerobic? Anaerobic?

. Aerobic=Krebs and ETC Anaerobic=Glycolysis

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What are the major products and reactants and location of glycolosis?

...REACTANTS 1 glucose molecule + 2 ATP PRODUCT(S) OF GLYCOLYSIS 2 pyruvate 2 NET ATP 2 NADH LOCATION OF GLYCOLYSIS cytoplasm of the cell

What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?

...chlorophyll it captures energy from sunlight

Where does the oxygen produced in photosynthesis come from?

..Carbon dioxide is present in the air we breathe, at very low concentrations. Even though it forms about .04% of the air, it is a needed factor in light-independent photosynthesis. In higher concentrations, more carbon is incorporated into carbohydrate, therefore increasing the rate of photosynthesis in light-independent reactions.

... The location, input, and output of each step of cellular respiration.

1. Glycolysis Krebs ETC Location cytosol matrix Inner mitochonial membrane Input 2 atp, glucose 2 pyruvates 6NADH, 4FADH Output 2 ATP, 2 pyruvates 6 NADH. 4FAD 32ATP, H2O

Describe the structure and function of ATP

ATP consists of one adenine molecule and three phosphate molecules. These molecules are produced through various processes including cellular respiration and phosphorylation. ATP molecules are called the drivers of cellular metabolism. They carry the energy needed by a particular cellular activity. Another important thing about this molecule is that it is recyclable. After being used up in a particular metabolic process, they are converted back into its precursors, allowing for re-use.

Give examples of aerobic and anerobic respiration.

Aerobic=Krebs and ETC Anaerobic=Glycolysis

Where does electron transport take place?

Inner mitochonial membrane

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?

Krebs Cycle- The purpose of the Krebs Cycle is basically to produce NADH+H and FADH2. Pyruvate enters the Krebs Cycle than goes through a series of reactions and the final product is six NADH+H and two FADH2. These energy carriers are than sent to the electron transport chain. The Krebs cycle Goes around twice for every molecule of acetyl Co-A.

Compare and contrast light idependent and light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

Light independent (dark) reactions require carbon dioxide, occur in the stroma, and produce high-energy sugars (glucose) Light‐independent reactions: Do NOT require sunlight, requires CO2, takes place in the stroma, creates sugars. Light dependent reactions requires light and water, occurs in the thylakoids and produce ATP and NADPH.

Compare and contrast the major purposes of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis is a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds in presence of sunlight. Respiration is the set of metabolic reactions that take in cells of living organisms that convert nutrients like sugar into ATP (adenosine tri phosphate) and waste products. Photosynthesis and respiration are reactions that complement each other in the environment. They are in reality the same reactions but occurring in reverse. While in photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water yield glucose and oxygen, through the respiration process glucose and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water. They work well since living organisms supply plants with carbon dioxide which undergoes photosynthesis and produces glucose and these plants and bacteria give out oxygen which all living organisms need for respiration.

What are the major products and reactants and location of Electron Transport?

Reactant(s) of the ETC 8-10 NADH 2- 4 FADH Product(s) of the ETC 32-34 ATP .Location of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) cristae of the mitochondria

How does the plant cell wall react when it is placed under hypotonic medium?

The plant cell wall (the covering of the cell external to the cell membrane) is made of cellulose, a polymer of glucose. When the cell is put under hypotonic medium it absorbs too much water through osmosis. In that situation the cell wall pressure acts to compensate the osmotic pressure thus forbidding excessive increase of the cellular volume and the cell lysis.

. What is the function of Cellular Respiration?

To turn glucose into useable energy...ATP!

Where does Photosynthesis take place ?

in the chloroplasts and organelles of a plant cell.

Where does Respiration take place?

in the cytoplasm and mitochondria in the cell of a living organism.

Where does the Krebbs Cycle take place?

matrix

What is the purpose of glycolosis?

• Glycolysis- All in all the purpose of glycolysis is to break down one molecule glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The pyruvate molecules are than individually sent to the transition reactions. Glycolysis has two Products, H20 and NADH. Overall Glycolysis makes four ATP but its net gain is two ATP due to the fact that it uses two ATP in the process. • Transition Reactions- The purpose of the transition reactions is to take two hydrogen electrons and one carbon dioxide away from the pyruvate and add a coenzyme called Coenzyme A. The new acetyl Co-A is ready to be sent to the Krebs Cycle. •

Compare and contrast the reactants and products of Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. Resperation takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. • Photosynthesis Needs light energy, co2, and h2o. It gives off Glucose and o2. Respiration needs o2 and glucose. It gives of energy, o2, and h2o. • Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose, which will be used in the set of reactions called cellular respiration. Photosynthesis consumes CO2 and gives off O2, while (aerobic) cellular respiration consumes O2 and gives off CO2, making these two a perfect complement, with the net effect being turning sunlight into the potential energy in the chemical bonds that comprise plants and animals.

Which reactions of photosynthesis require light?

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What does carbon dioxide have to do with photosynthesis? Where does it come from?

...As carbon dioxide concentration increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. At high concentrations, the rate of photosynthesis begins to level out due to factors not related to carbon dioxide concentration. One reason might be that some of the enzymes of photosynthesis are working at their maximum rate. In general, carbon dioxide is found in low concentration in the atmosphere, and so atmospheric carbon dioxide levels may be a major limiting factor on photosynthesis when at low levels.

Using a light absorption graph determine how much light is absorbed by a particular pigment, or how much is reflected by a particular pigment

...Each type of pigment can be identified by the specific pattern of wavelengths it absorbs from visible light, which is the absorption spectrum. Chlorophyll a absorbs light in the blue-violet region, while chlorophyll b absorbs red-blue light. Neither a or b absorb green light; because green is reflected or transmitted, chlorophyll appears green. Carotenoids absorb light in the blue-green and violet region and reflect the longer yellow, red, and orange wavelengths .

What us the general reason that leaves change color in the fall?

...In the fall, because of changes in the length of daylight and changes in temperature, the leaves stop their food-making process. The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellow to orange colors become visible..At the same time other chemical changes may occur, which form additional colors through the development of red anthocyanin pigments. Some mixtures give rise to the reddish and purplish fall colors of trees such as dogwoods and sumacs, while others give the sugar maple its brilliant orange.

What is the function of a pigment?

...Light energy absorbed by pigments produces high energy electrons that are used to convert NADP+ and ADP to the compounds NADPH and ATP, trapping the energy in chemical form.

What are the major products and reactants and location of Krebs Cycle?

..Reactant(s) of The Kreb's Cycle 2 Acetyl CoA ---> 2 oxaloacete Product(s) of The Kreb's Cycle 4 carbon dioxide, 6 NADH, 2 FADH Location of the Kreb's Cycle the mitochondrial matrix .

What is ATP and why is it important?

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is a molecule found in the cells of living organisms. It is said to be very important because it transports the energy necessary for all cellular metabolic activities. It is dubbed as the universal unit of energy for living organisms. Without ATP, various metabolic activities in the human body cannot take place.

What is the difference between aerobic and anerobic respiration.

Aerobic uses oxygen, while anaerobic does not. Both processes include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidated phosphorylation. In aerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is molecular oxygen O2; in anaerobic respiration the final electron Accceptor is a different substance.

Compare and contrast the reactants and products from Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiation ...Glycolysis: Reactants (what is needed): End Prtoducts 1 glucose 1, 2 pyruvate NAD 2. NADH 2 ATP 3. 4 ATP (net gain 2) -If oxygen is present, the two pyruvate molecules enter the transition reaction -The end product of the transition reaction is a two-carbon molecule called Acetyl- CoA. -Krebs Cycle uses the products of Gycolysis In cells which use oxygen, the pyruvate is used in a second process, the Krebs cycle, which produces more ATP molecules The two-carbon Acetyl-CoA molecule from the transition reaction enters the cycle Krebbs Cycle Reactants: Products: 1. Pyruvate 1, 3 CO2 2. 4 NAD+ 2. NADH 3. FAD 3.FADH 4.coenzyme ADP 4 4. 1 ATP Krebbs builds electron carriers for the ETC: NADH & FADH Electron Transport Cycle: Reactants: End Products 1.NADH 1, NAD 2.FADH 2. H2O 3. O2 3. 32-34 ATP

What is the purpose of ETC_Electron Transport?

Electron Transport Chain- The purpose of the electron transport chain is to make the majority of ATP created in cellular respiration. The NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs Cycle drop their electrons at the starting of the electron transport chain. As the electrons move along the electron transport chain they give it power to pump hydrogen across the membrane from the matrix into the intermediate space. This creates a concentration gradient forcing the hydrogen through ATP synthase bounding ADP with Pi ( inorganic Phosphate). As the electrons move along the transport chain they lose their energy and at the end are picked up by oxygen and bonding with hydrogen making the bi-product H20.

Where does glycolosis take place?

Location cytosol