respiratory med serg

An older adult client has just been admitted with pneumonia. The client tells the nurse, "I have never had pneumonia before, and nobody in my family has ever suffered from pneumonia. I don't understand how I contracted this disease." Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Advanced age is a risk factor for developing pneumonia." -Advanced age, due to the possibility of a depressed cough and glottis reflexes and nutritional depletion, is a risk factor for developing pneumonia. Telling the client not to worry is incorrect as it can be deadly. Telling the client he might have contracted pneumonia in the past is not really helpful or therapeutic. Immobility is a risk factor and not a factor that will prevent pneumonia.

A child is diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). When reinforcing education for the parents about care of the child, which statement made by the parent would indicate a need for further instruction?

"As long as I keep a surgical mask on I will not get TB." -Tuberculosis is highly contagious. To prevent the spread of infection, a negative pressure room is needed, and the nurse needs to wear an N95 medical mask when around the child while contagious. A regular surgical mask is not effective. A rigid medication regimen is required. Increasing calories, including carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins, is important during care for TB.

A client with tuberculosis should be placed in a private room that has regularly monitored negative air pressure, and airborne precautions should be implemented. The doors of the room must remain closed, and everyone who comes in close contact with the client must wear a specialized mask.

"I'm sorry, but for confidentiality reasons, I can't give you information over the phone." -The Health Information Privacy Act prohibits nurses from providing any information over the phone to an unknown caller. "How soon can you come? He has SARS" is incorrect because it breaches confidentiality. "Only the health care provider can give you that information," and "I really don't know. I haven't had a chance to look at the chart" are incorrect because they ignore the caller's concerns.

A client was infected with tuberculosis (TB) bacillus 10 years ago but never developed the disease. The client is now being treated for cancer and begins to develop signs of TB. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate?

"Some people carry dormant TB infections that may develop into active disease." -Some people carry dormant TB infections that may develop into active disease. In addition, primary sites of infection containing TB bacilli may remain latent for years and then activate when the client's resistance is lowered, as when a client is being treated for cancer. The nurse should not tell the client that he will be all right. Superinfection doesn't apply in this case. This is not a usual development for a client who has cancer.

A competent client requiring long-term mechanical ventilation privately tells a nurse that they want the ventilator withdrawn. Which response by the nurse is best?

"Tell me more about how you are feeling." -Asking the client how they are feeling uses an open-ended question that encourages the client to express their feelings. Asking the client to consider their family is judgmental and is an inappropriate statement. Ventilation can be withdrawn according to the client's wishes. The nurse stating, "Now that I'm here" is unprofessional and would be inappropriate. Contacting the healthcare provider would be premature as the nurse needs more information.

On entering the room of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse observes that the client is receiving oxygen at 4 L/minute by way of a nasal cannula. The nurse's next action should be based on which statement?

"The flow rate is too high." -The administration of oxygen at 1 to 2 L/ minute by way of a nasal cannula is recommended for clients with COPD; therefore, a rate of 4 L/minute is too high. The normal mechanism that stimulates breathing is a rise in blood carbon dioxide. Clients with COPD retain blood carbon dioxide, so their mechanism for stimulating breathing is a low blood oxygen level. High levels of oxygen may cause hypoventilation and apnea. Oxygen delivered at 1 to 2 L/ minute should aid in oxygenation without causing hypoventilation. Oxygen therapy is the only therapy that has been demonstrated to be life-preserving for clients with COPD.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale is being prepared for discharge. The nurse should provide which instruction?

"Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 lb in 1 day." -COPD causes pulmonary hypertension, which leads to right-sided heart failure or cor pulmonale. The resultant venous congestion causes dependent edema. A weight gain may further stress the respiratory system and worsen the client's condition. The client should eat a low-sodium diet to avoid fluid retention and should engage in moderate exercise to avoid muscle atrophy.

At 11 p.m., a client is admitted to the emergency department. He has a respiratory rate of 44 breaths/minute. He's anxious, and wheezes are audible. The client is immediately given oxygen by face mask and methylprednisolone by I.V. At 11:30 p.m., the client's arterial blood oxygen saturation is 86%, and he's still wheezing. The nurse should plan to administer:

-albuterol The client is hypoxemic because of bronchoconstriction as evidenced by wheezes and a subnormal arterial oxygen saturation level. The client's greatest need is bronchodilation, which can be accomplished by administering bronchodilators. Albuterol is a beta2 adrenergic agonist, which causes dilation of the bronchioles. It's given by nebulization or metered-dose inhalation and may be given as often as every 30 to 60 minutes until relief is accomplished. Alprazolam is an anxiolytic and central nervous system depressant, which could suppress the client's breathing. Propranolol is contraindicated in a client who's wheezing because it's a beta2 adrenergic antagonist. Morphine is a respiratory center depressant and is contraindicated in this situation.

Which child would be at increased risk for a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?

2-month-old child with broncho pulmonary dysplasia -Infants with cardiac or pulmonary conditions are at highest risk for RSV. Because of their underlying conditions, they're more likely to require mechanical ventilation. Many infants can be managed at home; few require hospitalization. A 3-month-old on low-flow oxygen has some risks of progression but isn't at high risk. A 2-year-old child has built up the immune system and can tolerate the infection without major problems.

respiratory acidosis

A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation (too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.

On auscultation, which finding suggests a right pneumothorax?

Absence of breath sounds in the right thorax -In pneumothorax, the alveoli are deflated and no air exchange occurs in the lungs. Therefore, breath sounds in the affected lung field are absent. None of the other options are associated with pneumothorax. Bilateral crackles may result from pulmonary congestion, inspiratory wheezes may signal asthma, and a pleural friction rub may indicate pleural inflammation.

A client has a sucking stab wound to the chest. Which action should the nurse take first?

Apply a dressing over the wound and tape it on three sides. -The nurse immediately should apply a dressing over the stab wound and tape it on three sides to allow air to escape and to prevent tension pneumothorax (which is more life-threatening than an open chest wound). Only after covering and taping the wound should the nurse draw blood for laboratory tests, assist with chest tube insertion, and start an I.V. line.

A nurse is monitoring the progress of a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which data best indicate that the client's condition is improving?

Arterial blood gas (ABG) values are normal. -Normal ABG values would indicate that the client's oxygenation has improved. ARDS is characterized by hypoxia, so the bronchoscopy and sputum culture results have no bearing on the improvement of ARDS. Increased blood pressure isn't relative to the client's respiratory condition.

A child with thoracic water-seal drainage is on the elevator. The transport aide has placed the drainage system on the stretcher. What action should the nurse on the elevator take first?

Assist the aide in placing the drainage system lower than the child's chest.

A child with thoracic water-seal drainage is on the elevator. The transport aide has placed the drainage system on the stretcher. What action should the nurse on the elevator take first?

Assist the aide in placing the drainage system lower than the child's chest. -The drainage device must be kept below the level of the chest to maintain straight gravity drainage. Placing it on the stretcher may cause a backflow of drainage into the thoracic cavity, which could collapse the partially expanded lung. Reporting the incident is indicated, but the immediate safety of the child takes priority. Clamping the tubing would place the child at risk for a tension pneumothorax. After the drainage system has been properly repositioned, the child's respiratory and pulse rates may be taken.

centrally acting

Central-acting agents treat high blood pressure but come with side effects. Central-acting agents lower your heart rate and reduce your blood pressure. They do this by blocking signals from your brain to your nervous system that speed up your heart and narrow your veins and arteries.

A child admitted with pneumonia has a history of cystic fibrosis (CF). Which statement made by the parents best demonstrates an understanding of cystic fibrosis?

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease characterized by an abnormality in the body's salt, water- and mucus-making cells. -Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease characterized by an abnormality in the body's salt, water- and mucus-making cells. In recessive disorders such as cystic fibrosis, both parents must pass the defective gene or set of genes to the child. Dominant disorders are characterized by only one defective gene or set of genes passed by one parent. Sex-linked genetic disorders are carried on the X chromosome. It is a chronic disease and is progressive.

A client must take streptomycin for tuberculosis. Before therapy begins, the nurse should instruct the client to notify the physician if which health concern occurs?

Decreased hearing acuity -Decreased hearing acuity indicates ototoxicity, a serious adverse effect of streptomycin therapy. The client should notify the physician immediately if it occurs so that streptomycin can be discontinued and an alternative drug can be prescribed. The other options aren't associated with streptomycin. Impaired color discrimination indicates color blindness; increased urinary frequency and increased appetite accompany diabetes mellitus.

orthopenia

Difficulty breathing when laying flat

An unconscious, intoxicated client who took an overdose of an opioid receives naloxone to reverse the effect of the opioid. After the client awakens, what is the priority action by the nurse?

Educate the client on the effects of taking pills and alcohol together. -This client needs information about the dangers of combining pills and alcohol. Discharge at this point is inappropriate. Unless the client was trying to commit suicide, admission to a psychiatric facility isn't necessary. It may not be advisable to feed the client at first; the client's level of consciousness could drop again, increasing the possibility of aspiration.

Which intervention is most appropriate for helping parents to cope with a child newly diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Evaluate and assess parents' stress and provide emotional support anxiety levels. -The emotional impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia is clearly a crisis situation. The parents are experiencing grief and sorrow over the loss of a "healthy" child. The other strategies are more appropriate for long-term intervention.

An adolescent client comes to the emergency department with acute asthma. The respiratory rate is 44 breaths/minute, and the client is experiencing severe respiratory distress. What is the priority nursing action by the nurse?

Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer. -The client having an acute asthma attack needs to increase oxygen delivery to the lung and body. Nebulized bronchodilators open airways and increase the amount of oxygen delivered. The priority at this time is the respiratory status, and the client will be anxious until this is resolved. First, resolve the acute phase of the attack; afterward, obtain a full medical history to determine the cause of the attack and how to prevent attacks in the future. Application of a cardiac monitor is not a priority at this point in the treatment plan.

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of croup. What advice should the nurse give to the parent when concern is expressed about the child waking at night due to the cough?

Hold child in the bathroom with a hot shower running, allowing steam to fill room. -Steam from the shower will decrease laryngeal spasms, so taking the child to the bathroom and turning on a hot shower should help. It is not necessary to call 911 each time a child has a coughing episode with croup. Driving the child to a patient care center would be dangerous if something more serious happened on the way. If the child is coughing he would not be able to do a breathing treatment successfully.

A recent immigrant from Vietnam is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement with this client?

Identify other people with whom the client had contact. -To lessen the spread of TB, everyone who had contact with the client and recently emigrated from Vietnam must undergo a chest X-ray and TB skin test. A list of these people must be created. Testing will help to determine if the client has infected anyone else. The remaining options are important areas to address when educating high-risk populations about TB prior to its development.

A client with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the hospital. Which nursing diagnosis requires the nurse to collaborate with other health team members to achieve the best outcome for the client?

Impaired gas exchange -Impaired gas exchange requires collaboration between the nurse, physician, and respiratory therapist to help achieve the best respiratory outcome for the client. Medications, oxygen, nebulizer treatments, and arterial blood gas analyses all require a physician's order. The respiratory therapist administers the oxygen and nebulizer treatments. The nurse assesses the client's response to medications and respiratory treatments and provides feedback to the physician and respiratory therapist. Impaired skin integrity, Activity intolerance, and Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements (when applied to the client with COPD) require independent nursing interventions without collaboration with other health team members. These interventions include skin care, pacing nursing care to promote rest and minimize fatigue, and providing small, frequent meals.

After receiving an oral dose of codeine for an intractable cough, the client asks the nurse, "How long will it take for this drug to work?" How should the nurse respond?

In 30 minutes -Codeine's onset of action is 30 minutes when it's given orally. Its peak concentration occurs in about 1 hour; its half-life expires in 2.5 hours; and its duration of action is 4 to 6 hours.

A client who underwent surgery 12 hours ago has difficulty breathing. He has petechiae over his chest and reports acute chest pain. What action should a nurse take first?

Initiate oxygen therapy. -The client's signs and symptoms suggest a pulmonary embolism. Therefore, maintaining respiratory function takes priority. The nurse should first initiate oxygen therapy and then notify the physician immediately. The physician will most likely prescribe an anticoagulant such as heparin or an antithrombolytic to dissolve the thrombus. Analgesics can be administered to decrease pain and anxiety, but oxygen administration takes priority. Suctioning typically isn't necessary with a pulmonary embolism.

A child is exhibiting signs of asthma. Which finding by the nurse would assist with confirmation of this diagnosis?

Inspiratory and expiratory wheezes are typical findings in asthma. Circumoral cyanosis may be present in extreme cases of respiratory distress. The nurse would expect the client to have a decreased forced expiratory volume because asthma is an obstructive pulmonary disease. Breath sounds will be "tight" sounding or markedly decreased; they won't be normal.

A client who was hospitalized for pulmonary embolism is being discharged on warfarin therapy. Which statement by the nurse about warfarin therapy is correct?

It inhibits the formation of blood clots. -Warfarin inhibits clot formation by interfering with clotting factors that are dependent on vitamin K. Warfarin doesn't dissolve clots and won't reduce the size of the pulmonary embolus. It doesn't reduce blood pressure and won't prevent venous stasis. Coagulation studies will be performed every 2 to 4 weeks while the client is receiving warfarin.

A 69-year-old client comes to the emergency department with a history of productive cough, night sweats, and a 30-lb weight loss over the past 8 months. A diagnosis of tuberculosis is suspected. Which intervention is necessary for this client?

Place the client in a private room with negative air pressure, and implement airborne precautions. -A client with tuberculosis should be placed in a private room that has regularly monitored negative air pressure, and airborne precautions should be implemented. The doors of the room must remain closed, and everyone who comes in close contact with the client must wear a specialized mask.

An elderly client is admitted to an acute care facility with influenza. The nurse monitors the client closely for which most common complication of influenza?

Pneumonia -Pneumonia is the most common complication of influenza. It may be either primary influenza viral pneumonia or pneumonia secondary to a bacterial infection. Other complications of influenza include myositis, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Reye's syndrome. Myocarditis, pericarditis, transverse myelitis, and encephalitis are rare complications of influenza. Although septicemia may arise when any infection becomes overwhelming, it rarely results from influenza. Meningitis and pulmonary edema aren't associated with influenza.

What is the antidote for heparin?

Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin.

A few days after the death of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse making a home visit notices that the parents are disorganized in their thought patterns. What is the best action for the nurse?

Realize that this is a normal process for the impact phase of crisis. -Within a day or two of the infant's death, the parents enter the impact phase of crisis, which consists of disorganized thoughts in which they can't deal with the crisis in concrete terms. This is a normal reaction at this time. Informing the parents that it is not a healthy behavior is untrue and will only add to the parents feeling worse. Telling them to go on with their life would be very distressing and not compassionate or therapeutic.

An older adult client who has chronic respiratory disease comes to the clinic for a 6- month check. The nurse informs the client that it's time for the pneumococcal and flu vaccines. What would be the nurse's best explanation to the client for these injections?

Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and possibly death in clients with chronic respiratory diseases. -It's highly recommended that clients with respiratory disorders be given vaccines to protect against respiratory infection. Infections can cause respiratory failure, and these clients may need to be intubated and mechanically ventilated. The vaccines have no effect on respiratory rate or bronchodilation.

sternal retractions

Sternum bends the flexible breast bone inwards

A client has been prescribed a new drug for hypertension. Thirty minutes after taking the drug, the client develops chest tightness, becomes short of breath and tachypneic, and exhibits an altered level of consciousness. What is the best explanation for these symptoms?

The client is experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction to the medication. -These signs indicate a hypersensitivity to the new medication, leading to anaphylaxis and respiratory failure. An asthma attack is characterized by wheezing. A client with pulmonary embolism typically has chest pain with inspiration and hypoxemia. Rheumatoid arthritis doesn't cause respiratory symptoms.

A nursing student is reviewing the respiratory system for an upcoming examination. Which term will the student review that describes the amount of air inspired and expired with each breath?

Tidal volume

A nurse working in a walk-in clinic has been alerted that there's an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). Which client does the nurse identify as having the highest risk for developing TB?

a 43-year-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism -Clients who are economically disadvantaged, malnourished, and have reduced immunity, such as a client with a history of alcoholism, are at extremely high risk for developing TB. A high school student, a businessman, and a day care worker probably have a much lower risk of contracting TB.

The nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which client should be most closely monitored for the development of respiratory failure?

a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome -Guillain-Barré syndrome is a progressive neuromuscular disorder that can affect the respiratory muscles and cause ascending paralysis and potential for respiratory failure. The other conditions typically don't affect the respiratory system.

antitussive

a drug that prevents coughing

what does antidote mean?

a medicine taken or given to counteract a particular poison.

Heparin is what?

a parenteral anticoagulant.

acidocis

acid base imbalance blood lower ph 7.35

ventilation

air movement in and out of lungs

The nurse auscultates inspiratory and expiratory wheezes with a decreased forced expiratory volume in a client with asthma. Which class of medication would the nurse expect to administer immediately?

bronchodilators -Bronchodilators are the first line of treatment for asthma because bronchoconstriction is the cause of reduced airflow. Inhaled or oral steroids may be given to reduce the inflammation but aren't used for emergency relief. Beta blockers aren't used to treat asthma and can cause bronchoconstriction.

pnuemothrax

clinical condition air pleural cavity

Atelectasis

collapse of part or all of the lung

hypoximia

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

An infant is diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. What is a priority problem that the nurse expects to see in the plan of care?

decreased oxygen saturation -The infant will have impaired gas exchange related to retention of carbon dioxide and borderline oxygenation secondary to fibrosis of the lungs, leading to decreased oxygen saturations. Although the infant may require increased caloric intake and may have excess fluid volume, oxygen saturation is the higher priority.

dysphagia

difficult or painful swallowing

compliance

distensibility (stretch) of the lungs

A client who has just had a right arthroscopy is back on the acute care unit. What action does the nurse identify as the best to prevent a pulmonary embolism in this client?

early ambulation -Early ambulation helps reduce pooling of blood, which reduces the tendency of the blood to form a clot that could then dislodge. None of the other measures will prevent pulmonary embolism from forming.

respiration

exchange of gases between person and enviorment

t/f vitamin C is an antidote?

false, Vitamin C isn't an antidote.

A 3-year-old child is receiving ampicillin for acute epiglottitis. Which sign would lead the nurse to suspect that the child is experiencing a common adverse effect of this drug?

generalized rash -Some children with epiglottitis may develop an erythematous or maculopapular rash after 3 to 14 days of therapy; however, this complication doesn't necessitate discontinuing the drug. Nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhea, and respiratory symptoms of anaphylaxis are adverse effects that may necessitate discontinuation of the drug.

barrel chest

greater anterior posterior chest diameter than lateral chest diameter

carbohemoglobin

hemoglobin with carbon monoxide bound to it

oxhemoglobin

hemoglobin with one or more oxygen molecules bound to it

stridor

high pitched harsh sounds heard during inspirations caused by airway obstruction

hypoxemic hypoxia

is caused by inadequate pulmonary gas exchange

A 21-year-old client with cystic fibrosis develops pneumonia. To decrease the viscosity of respiratory secretions, the physician prescribes acetylcysteine. Before administering the first dose, the nurse checks the client's history for asthma. Acetylcysteine must be used cautiously in a client with asthma because:

it may induce bronchospasm. -Acetylcysteine must be used cautiously in a client with asthma because it may induce bronchospasm. The drug isn't a respiratory depressant or stimulant. It's a mucolytic agent that decreases the viscosity of respiratory secretions by altering the molecular composition of mucus. Acetylcysteine doesn't inhibit the cough reflex.

dsypnea

labored or difficult breathing

deoxyhemoglobin

no o2 bound to hemoglobin

epistaxis

nosebleed

When reading the history and physical of a client diagnosed with emphysema, the nurse notes that the client has decreased breath sounds in the bases bilaterally. The nurse determines that this is most likely due to which finding?

over-inflation of the lungs -Clients with emphysema often have over inflation of part of the lung leading to diminished breath sounds. When air flow through the lungs is blocked, the resultant sound on auscultation is rhonchi. When the airways are narrowed, the resultant sound on auscultation is wheezing. When the trachea is narrowed, the resultant sound is stridor.

Alkalosis

pH in blood is higher than 7.35

coryza

perfuse nasal discharge

While teaching a class to new parents, which child does the nurse correctly identify as having an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

premature infant with low birth weight -Premature infants, especially those with low birth weight, have an increased risk for SIDS. Infants with apnea, central nervous system disorders, or respiratory disorders also have a higher risk of SIDS. Peak age for SIDS is 2 to 4 months. Hospitalization for fever doesn't affect risk for SIDS. There's an increased risk of SIDS in subsequent siblings of two or more SIDS victims.

A client requires a chest tube to be inserted in the right upper chest. Which action is part of the nurse's role?

preparing the chest tube drainage system -The nurse must anticipate that a drainage system is required and assemble it before the insertion so that the tube can be directly connected to the drainage system. The chest x-ray doesn't need to be brought to the client's room. The health care provider will administer the local anesthetic and insert the chest tube.

A client has been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Which pharmacologic therapy does the nurse anticipate administering?

rifampin, isoniazid, and rifapentine -Because TB has become resistant to many antibacterial agents, the initial treatment includes the use of multiple antitubercular or antibacterial drugs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the use of rifampin, isoniazid, and rifapentine for use in treatment. Theophylline is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Penicillins are used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infection-not TB. Pentamidine is used in the treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

adventitious

smooth abnormal breath sounds

peripherally

something on the outside or only slightly connected with the subject.

laryngospasm

spasm of muscle of layrnx

A client presents with shortness of breath and absent breath sounds on the right side, from the apex to the base. Which condition best explains these symptoms?

spontaneous pneumothorax -Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when the client's lung collapses, causing an acute decrease in the amount of functional lung used in oxygenation; this results in shortness of breath with absent breath sounds. A client with an asthma attack would present with wheezing breath sounds, and bronchitis would be indicated by auscultating rhonchi. Bronchial breath sounds over the area of consolidation would indicate pneumonia.

intractable

stubborn: hard to control

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of respiratory failure. The client is intubated, placed on 100% FiO2, and is coughing up copious secretions. Which intervention has priority?

suctioning the client -Suctioning the client is the priority because secretions can cut off the oxygen supply to the client and result in hypoxia. X-rays are the next priority; check placement of the endotracheal tube. Restraints are warranted only if the client is a threat to his safety. After the client has acclimated to his ventilator settings, ABG levels can be drawn.

sleep apnea

temporary cessation of breathing during sleep

Residual volume is

the amount of air remaining in the lungs after forcibly exhaling.

Dead-space volume is

the amount of air remaining in the upper airways that never reaches the alveoli. In pathologic conditions, dead space may also exist in the lower airways.

Vital capacity is

the maximum amount of air that can be moved out of the lungs after maximal inspiration and expiration.

compliance

the tendency to agree to do things requested by others

A client is diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB). What explanation does the nurse give to the client for being hospitalized?

to prevent spread of the disease -The client with active TB is highly contagious until three consecutive sputum cultures are negative. Therefore, he's put in respiratory isolation in the hospital. Assessment of his physical condition, need for antibiotic therapy, and determinations of compliance aren't considered primary reasons for hospitalization in this case.

hypercania

too much co2 in blood

A client recovering from a pulmonary embolism is receiving warfarin. To counteract a warfarin overdose, the nurse would administer:

vitamin K (phytonadione). -Vitamin K is the antidote for a warfarin overdose.

When obtaining data from a child with asthma, which finding does the nurse determine correlates with the disorder?

wheezing -Asthma frequently occurs with wheezing and coughing. Airway inflammation and edema increase mucus production. Other signs include dyspnea, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Stridor is heard in croup. Rhonchi and rales are not as common in asthma as is wheezing.

hypocapnia

when arterial Co2 contractions fall below normal, less 37mmhg