Respiratory System

What is the final branch of the conducting division?

terminal bronchiole

What is the distal-most portion of the respiratory system that is incapable of gas exchange?

terminal bronhioles

Why do the lungs expand along with the thoracic cage during inspiration?

the cohesion of water causes the visceral pleura to cling to patietal pleura

Which best describes what happens during exhalation?

the diaphragm relaxes, intrapulmonary pressure increases, air flows out

How do the elastic components of the lungs and bronchial tree help conserve energy?

they facilitate recoil during exhalation

Gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs in which of the following?

alveoli

Most of the surface area for gas exchange within the respiratory system is found within the many ______of the lungs.

alveoli

The respiratory division of the respiratory system includes which of the following?

alveoli

Why does air flow into the lungs during inspiration?

atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure, and air flows toward the lower pressure area

The ______ zone of the respiratory system serves only for airflow. It is incapable of gas exchange between the air and the circulatory system.

conducting

The tracheal lumen is lined with epithelial cells that have hairlike structures called ______. The upward beating of these structures moves the abundant mucus upward toward the pharynx.

cilia

Select all that apply Which features are associated with the tracheal epithelium?

cilia, pseudostratified columnar cells, goblet cells, mucous

The tracheal lumen is lined with epithelial cells that have hairlike structures called ______. The upward beating of these structures moves the abundant mucus upward toward the pharynx.

cillia

Which muscle (or muscle group) is the prime mover of respiration, producing about two-thirds of pulmonary airflow?

diaphram

Select all that apply Which two muscles (or muscle groups) are primarily responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration? Choose two answers from the list below.

diaphram, intercostals

Movement of air out of the lungs is called ______.

expiration

A person expelling air while yelling is performing which type of breathing? Multiple choice question.

forced

The Valsalva maneuver involves closing the ______ while trying to exhale.

glottis

During the respiratory cycle, the intake of air is called ______.

inspiration

As the thoracic cavity expands, the visceral pleura clings to the parietal pleura, and the surface of the lung is pulled outward. Why does this increase in lung volume cause inspiration?

intrapulmonary pressure is temporarily lower than the atmospheric pressure

Which of these occurs during exhalation?

lung volume decreases and intapulmonary pressure increases

More than half of the body's blood platelets are made by megakaryocytes in the ______.

lungs

Which are considered principal organs of the respiratory system?

lungs, pharynx, trachea, larynx

What is the respiratory membrane?

membrane through which gases are exchanged in the alveolus

The upward movement of cilia helps to move mucus up the trachea to the pharynx where it is swallowed. This system of cleaning out trapped debris is called the _____ escalator of the trachea.

mucociliary

Select all that apply Identify the components of a respiratory membrane.

one shared basement membrane, endothelial cell of capillary, type 1 alveolar cell

Which term refers to the layer of serous membrane that lines the mediastinum, the inner surfaces of the rib cage, and the superior surface of the diaphragm?

parietal pleura

The layer of serous membrane called the parietal lines the thoracic cavity.

pleura

What is the serous membrane that encloses each lung?

pleura

What is the function of pulmonary surfactant?

prevents collapse of bronchioles

An inactive person, unconscious of their respiratory rate, is performing which type of breathing?

quiet

Which process is facilitated by the elastic components of the lungs and bronchial tree?

quiet exhalation

The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs are the principal organs of which system?

respiratory

The system that supplies the body with oxygen and expels carbon dioxide by the rhythmic intake and expulsion of air is the ______ system.

respiratory

_____ bronchioles are the first airways capable of gas exchange and are therefore considered part of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system.

respiratory

At which level of the bronchial tree does gas exchange first occur?

respiratory bronchiole

Where does the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood occur?

respiratory division

The pleurae are which type of membrane?

serous

Select all that apply The respiratory system does which of the following?

supplies the body with oxygen, functions in vocalization and speech, assist in the removal of carbon dioxide, plays a role in regulating blood pressure

Pulmonary _____ is a substance found lining the alveoli which decreases surface tension.

surfacant

What is the function of the mucociliary escalator?

sweeps mucous toward the pharynx to be swallowed

Select all that apply Which structures are part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

trachea, pharynx, main bronchi, larynx

True or false: When the diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops.

true

Which are squamous cells, primarily responsible for forming the respiratory membrane of the lung?

type 1 alveolar cells

Which are cuboidal cells that are responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant and facilitating repair within the lung?

type 11 alveolar cells

The ______ maneuver entails increasing abdominal pressure by holding a deep breath while contracting the abdominal muscles. The depressed diaphragm increases abdominal pressure and helps push out organ contents during childbirth, urination, and defecation.

valsalva

Which term refers to the layer of serous membrane that covers the lung surface?

visceral pleura