Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR)

Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection? (Data Management; #3)

Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a biased outcome.

Which of the following most accurately describes voluntary committed cost sharing? (Financial Responsibility; #2)

It means that the cost share is quantified in the proposal but not required by the sponsor.

Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices? (Authorship; #1)

Different disciplines have different practices about who should be included as an author.

The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is: (Conflicts of Interest; #1)

Financial conflicts of interest

Reviewers have a responsibility to promote ethical peer review by: (Peer Review; #4)

Preserving the confidentiality of the submission.

Which of the following most accurately describes good mentoring practice? (Mentoring; #1)

The trainee must take an active role in the relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.

If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of: (Conflicts of Interest; #3)

A conflict of conscience

Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form? (Research Involving Human Subjects)

A description of the research's potential benefits and risks.

What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a mentor? (Mentoring; #5)

After trying to communicate directly with the mentor, the trainee should seek advice from a senior person that the trainee trusts.

If there is sufficient evidence to proceed, what is the next main phase that takes place after the inquiry in response to a research misconduct allegation? (Research Misconduct; #4)

An investigation

Which of the following is the main reason why proper training in euthanasia techniques is important? (Using Animal Subjects in Research; #4)

Improper techniques can cause unnecessary pain and distress in animals.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines? (Authorship; #3)

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section.

Which of the following is true about conflicts of interest? (Conflicts of Interest; #4)

Conflicts of interest increase the likelihood of bias

Which of the following statements most clearly illustrates the principle of beneficence? (Research Involving Human Subjects)

Determining whether the benefits of a study outweigh the risks.

A research collaboration can be enhanced by: (Collaborative Research; #5)

Discussing intellectual property issues while the collaboration is forming.

According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves: (Research Misconduct; #1)

Fabrication involves making up data or results, recording the data in a permanent record, sharing fake data informally or in a written report.

Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally removes data points from the data set in order to generate a deceptive conclusion? (Research Misconduct; #3)

Falsification

Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship? (Authorship; #5)

It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as an author.

Which of the following most accurately describes a single or program-specific audit (in other words, a 2 CFR 200.501, Subpart F audit)? (Financial Responsibility; #1)

It is an annual audit of an organization that receives over a certain threshold of federal funds each year.

Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment? (Conflicts of Interest; #2)

It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer

Which of the following most accurately describes allocability? (Financial Responsibility; #5)

It refers to how direct expenses are calculated based on the benefit to the project.

Which of the following most accurately describes data lifecycle management (DLM)? (Data Management; #5)

It refers to the tools and processes for handling data during a research study and after it concludes

Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be challenging? (Collaborative Research; #2)

Language barriers and cultural differences among collaborators can complicate communication.

Which of the following is true about the management of conflicts of interest? (Conflicts of Interest. #5)

Management plans are often created to reduce the impact of conflicts of interest rather than completely eliminating them.

Which of the following statements about mentoring is true? (Mentoring; #3)

Mentors can provide valuable advice to trainees regarding career decisions and contacts with leaders in their field of research.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship? (Mentoring; #4)

Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks.

Prior to implementing any significant change in the use of animals, what is the most important thing that the research team must do? (Using Animal Subjects in Research; #2)

Obtain IACUC approval for the change.

The three ethical principles discussed in the Belmont Report are... (Research Involving Human Subjects)

Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of reviewers? (Peer Review; #2)

Reviewers should identify the positive and negative aspects of a manuscript, and indicate where improvements are needed.

Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring? (Mentoring; #2)

Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee.

The reuse of one's previously published material in a new journal article is most appropriate if: (Plagiarism; #4)

The author informs all the relevant parties and obtains permission to do so.

What is needed to make a normally unreasonable cost an allowable expense in a grant? (Financial Responsibility; #3)

The cost needs to be in furtherance of the goals of the grant.

Crystal clear theory refers to the notion that: (Financial Responsibility; #4)

The financial details of a project should be explained plainly enough so that a non-expert would be able to understand them.

The typical first main phase in response to a research misconduct allegation is called: (Research Misconduct; #2)

The inquiry

Which of the following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project? (Data Management; #4)

The institution where a federally-funded project takes place

According to federal research misconduct policies, what is the maximum number of consecutive words that one can use before it is classified as an instance of plagiarism? (Plagiarism; #5)

There is no official, federal standard for the number of consecutive words that can be used.

Which of the following is true regarding the traditional peer review process: (Peer Review; #5)

Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the reviewer.

In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to: (Data Management; #2)

Whether operationalized terms actually measure what they purport to measure

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer? (Peer Review; #1)

A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency.

Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship? (Data Management; #1)

Researchers who receive federal funding may have to adhere to a data sharing requirement

Which statement best describes the role of an IRB? (Research Involving Human Subjects)

A committee that reviews different types of human subjects research

A reviewer's main responsibility is to: (Peer Review; #3)

Behave professionally.

What is the main function of the Bayl-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates to academic institutions? (Collaborative Research; #3)

It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research

What is the main function of a Technology Transfer Office with respect to collaborative research? (Collaborative Research; #1)

It helps collaborative researchers to commercialize their work.

When authors summarize the work of others, they typically should: (Plagiarism; #1)

Provide a condensed (shorter) version of the original material

Which of the following most directly contributed to the establishment of the National Research Act and the creation of the Belmont Report? (Research Involving Human Subjects)

The Tuskegee Study.

Which of the following most accurately describes the process that must occur when working w/ research animals covered by U.S. federal regulations? (Using Animal Subjects in Research; #3)

The research team must obtain IACUC approval for the proposed research procedures prior to starting the work.

What is the primary purpose of the "3 Rs" concept from Russell and Burch? (Using Animal Subjects in Research; #1)

To decrease the use of animals in research and to minimize pain and distress caused by animal experiments

Which of the following is true regarding authors who seek to publish the same content in multiple papers? (Authorship; #4)

Using the same content in multiple papers is deceptive if it is not properly disclosed to journal editors or other relevant entities

Proper paraphrasing of a sentence written by someone else may be accomplished by: (Plagiarism; #3)

Using your own words and writing voice to express the idea conveyed in the sentence.

Which justification would an IACUC most likely accept if a research team plans to withhold pain relief (analgesia) from animals during a project? (Using Animal Subjects in Research; #5)

Documented evidence that the analgesic agent will interfere w/ the aims of the project.

Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship? (Authorship; #2)

Having made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.

Unless the subject matter is considered common knowledge, citations are necessary when writing about: (Plagiarism; #2)

Ideas, methodologies, or data from other authors and also your own previously published ideas, methodologies, or data.

Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy? (Research Misconduct; #5)

To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.

The most important factor in determining whether a research collaboration will be successful is: (Collaborative Research; #4)

Whether there is ongoing communication about goals and responsibilities.