Review 2 Ch 5-8

Sociologists call the awareness of our own and others' class statuses

everyday false consciousness

What kind of leadership style is typically expected of women in contemporary society?

expressive

Being born into a lower social class means that an individual will be more likely to

feel at risk of being harassed by law enforcement.

Members of a(n)______ interact with one another and think of themselves as belonging together.

group

What metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced pluralism or multiculturalism?

a salad bowl

Emile Durkheim worried that individuals would feel less connected to groups in an increasingly fragmented modem world, which would lead to

anomie or normlessness

Sociologists define ethnicity

as a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage

Race is defined by sociologists

as a social category based on real or perceived biological differences

What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?

assimilation

What term describes the tendency to choose romantic partners based on similarities in background and group membership?

homogamy

The -Jim Crow" laws, which mandated separate facilities for white people and Black people, were an example of

institutional discrimination

______occur(s) when minority group members are prejudiced against themselves or their own group

internalized racism

An example of an aggregate is a

line of people waiting to buy movie tickets

A state is called when white people comprise less than half the population.

majority-minority

Which term describes the slights, insults, and misperceptions directed at members of a minority group that play out in everyday interactions?

microaggressions

Which term refers to romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different races?

miscegenation

Which of the following authority figures still derives legitimacy from traditional sources?

police officer

Critical race theory explore the relationship between race and what two other concepts?

politics and power

The belief that all Irish are drunks is an example of

prejudice

What would a sociologist call the belief that members of one racial group are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than members of another racial group?

prejudice

The criteria used by a social class system to stratify its members include

property, power, and prestige

What is it called when individuals live as if they were members of a different racial category than the one into which they were born?

racial passing

The issue associated with race and ethnicity that Chris Rock's "driving while Black" selfies represent is

racial profiling

Which of the following is a factor that can lead to increased group cohesion?

shared values

What term describes the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society?

social inequality

What defines white people as the dominant racial group in California despite demographic shifts?

they have more power, resources, and representation in social institutions

Which of the following is a quality of charismatic leaders?

they possess extraordinary personal qualities.

Mateo is an accountant with a college degree, a license from the state accounting board, and a job at the Department of Defense as a senior auditor. He makes about $100,000 per year and will soon retire with benefits and a pension. To what class would you expect him to belong?

upper-middle class

Sociologists define a minority group as a group

with members who are denied access to power and resources

In what year did the Supreme Court rule that laws against interracial marriage were unconstitutional?

1967

______refers to the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" or learn from their parents, which help them achieve material success in life.

Cultural capital

0ur social networks include only those with whom we identify and interact with regularly.

False

Primary groups tend to be temporary.

False

Brazilians employ many racial categories, such as moreno, mulato, neguinho, and pretinho. Most of these terms do not have an equivalent in the United States. What does this tell you?

Race is a social construct

Which of the following companies did George Ritzer view as emblematic of the spread of bureaucratic rationalization?

McDonald's

What term did sociologist George Ritzer use to describe the spread of rationalization and bureaucratic ways of operating into everyday life?

McDonaldization

In the 1900s, there was a strong prejudice against Irish immigrants and their concepts?

The Irish were once considered to be a separate race

Which is true of social mobility in a caste system?

There is virtually no chance of social mobility

Imagine that a powerful and influential person living in San Francisco decides to tattoo most of her face with symbols. Would she be seen as deviant?

Yes, face tattooing is always a deviant act.

Regarding racial categories, modem science has determined that

biologically, there is no such thing as a pure race

AII green-eyed people in the United States would be classified as a(n)

category

Samantha believes that corporations are not punished enough for polluting the planet, manufacturing unsafe products, and manipulating prices, while, at the same time, homeless people are punished too much for crimes such as stealing food. She believes we should all have access to basic needs like food regardless of wealth. Samantha has taken a perspective to explain the way deviance is viewed in society.

conflict theory

Halloween costume makers and retailers make generous profits from selling costumes that allow their wearers to dress as American Indians. What are they engaging in by profiting from the stereotypical display of marginalized groups without fully understanding and appreciating the culture?

cultural appropriation

When a person uses electronic or social media to tease, harass, threaten, or humiliate someone, it is referred to as

cyberbullying

Pierre Bourdieu studied , which is the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time.

social reproduction

Which term describes the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?

social stratification

What do sociologists call it when large numbers of people move up or down the social class ladder as a result of changes to society as a whole?

structural mobility

Members of a fraternity believe that they help create social cohesion by bringing together students with shared values. What perspective best describes their views?

structural.functionalism

What was the Asch experiment measuring?

the power of peer pressure

W. I. Thomas famously argued that "if men define situations as real,

they are real in their consequences