Review Ch 11

A sixth-grade science teacher asks the students to explain the role of cilia in the lower respiratory tract. Which student response is best?

"These little hairs move germs trapped in mucus toward the throat so the body can cough them out."

A client with infectious mononucleosis asks the nurse why the lymph nodes are enlarged. Which statement is the nurse's appropriate response?

"Your lymph nodes trap and destroy viruses."

A client is brought to the physician's office with a raised, red macular rash on the trunk and arms accompanied by a fever. A diagnosis of measles is made. Which type of immunity does this disease process provide?

Active natural immunity

The cells that mediate humoral immunity do so because they are capable of producing:

Antibodies

Substances foreign to the host that can stimulate an immune response are known as:

Antigens

An infectious disease nurse is researching T-cells to determine which cells control replication of intracellular bacteria. Which cells should the nurse begin investigating?

CD8 cells

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a bone marrow transplant. The nurse understands the client may receive which of these in order to increase the success rates of the transplantation?

Colony-stimulating factor

Which of the types of T cells is responsible for destroying pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and by secreting cytokines/lymphokines?

Cytotoxic T cells

A clinical research study is evaluating cells that bridge both the innate and adaptive immune systems. A nurse has identified the dendritic cells (DCs) as a key component. Which statement validates this finding?

Dendritic cells (DCs) directly sense pathogens, capture foreign agents, and transport them to secondary lymphoid tissues. Once activated, they undergo a maturation process and function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capable of initiating adaptive immunity.

Select the statement that best describes the effectiveness of vaccination in the older adult population.

Experimental evidence suggests that vaccination is less successful in inducing immunization in older persons than in younger adults.

A lactation nurse visits a new mother after delivery of her first child and encourages the mother to breast-feed her infant, even for a short time. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the importance of breast-feeding?

For several months, colostrum will provide the infant with passive immunity to diseases to which the mother has immunity.

A client diagnosed with sepsis has a critically low neutrophil count. The nurse expects which drug or drug class to be used to stimulate white blood cell production?

Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) such as filgrastim

A client has recently received a pneumococcal vaccine and the client's B cells are consequently producing antibodies. Which cells may enhance this production of antibodies?

Helper T cells

Which immunoglobulin is primarily found in secretions and has a primary function of providing local immunity on mucosal surfaces?

IgA

The nurse is aware that the only class of immunoglobulins to cross the placenta is:

IgG

Which immunoglobulin (Ig) is the most abundant of circulating antibodies?

IgG

A nurse is reviewing labs for a client newly diagnosed with a bacterial infection. In determining if the client is experiencing a primary immune response, the nurse looks for which type of antibody produced from activated immature B cells?

IgM

A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome with thymic hypoplasia. Which immune response would the nurse anticipate in this child?

Increased risk of infection

A person has been exposed to a particular antigen and a now experiences a repeat exposure. What stimulates a quicker immune response?

Memory T cells

While caring for a pediatric client admitted with a viral infection, the nurse knows that which type of cell will be the child's primary defense against the virus?

Natural killer (NK) cells

A blood smear is being examined and a stain has been added that will identify granulocytes. Which cell types will be visible with the stain? Select all that apply.

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

A child has a congenital condition in which the thymus gland is absent. What should the nurse include in the education of care of this client to the parents?

Observe and report signs and symptoms of infection.

The process by which microbes are coated to allow for more efficient recognition by phagocytes is known as:

Opsonization

A woman experiences a viral infection while pregnant. Which type of immunity does an infant have at birth against this infection?

Passive

The nurse is planning care for a client with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency. What is a priority intervention to incorporate into the plan?

Protecting the client from infection

A client is being evaluated for atopic dermatitis possibly caused by a latex-related allergic reaction. The nurse will review which lab results to determine if an allergy is present?

Serum IgE

The first physical line of defense in innate immunity is:

Skin and mucous membranes

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid structure located high in the left abdominal cavity?

Spleen

There are many cells that make up the passive and adaptive immune systems. Which cells are responsible for the specificity and memory of adaptive immunity? Select all that apply.

T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

Which statement explains how T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes differ?

T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland; B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.

A client experiencing severe neck pain and fever comes to the emergency room and is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Knowing that the client's immune system is fighting the infection, the infectious disease nurse correctly identifies which pathway as the activation of the complement

The classical

A newborn has been lethargic, is not nursing well, and is basically looking ill. Following lab tests, it has been found that the newborn has IgM present in his blood. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

The presence of IgM suggests the infant has a current infection.

In an attempt to best explain the innate immune system to a class of first-year nursing students, the instructor should describe what characteristic?

The response of the innate immune system is rapid, usually within minutes to hours, and prevents the establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration of microorganisms.

The nurse is explaining to a colleague the basis of a client's allergy to dust. What statement by the nurse most accurately describes antigens in this situation?

They are substances foreign to the host that can stimulate an immune response.

A client seeks treatment in the clinic for exposure to poison ivy with a rash over the right arm and hand. The nurse is aware that what toxin is found in the oils on poison ivy that is responsible for eliciting an allergic reaction?

Urushiol

A mother is diagnosed with a bacterial infection and is worried that her newborn infant will also contract the infection. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching plan for the client?

Your newborn has maternal IgG antibodies that were transferred through the placenta before birth, providing some protection from infection.

The entrance of a microbe into an individual's vascular space has initiated opsonization. How will the health care provider explain this process that is critical in stopping the infiltration of the microbe through opsonization? Opsonization:

coats a microbe to activate phagocytosis recognition.

The most important function of the thymus is:

immune cell production and maturation.

A student asks, "What does cell-mediated immunity mean to the client?" The instructor responds, "This means:

the body is trying to defend itself against intracellular microbe invasion by engulfing and destroying the microbe."