Rhetoric of Country Music Exam #2

Embedded Metaphor

Comparison is buried a bit; often embedded metaphors take the form of verbs or adjectives; often the tenor and/or the vehicle is implied rather than explicitly stated.

Apostrophe

Direct address of the audience or an opponent

Explicit Metaphor

Direct comparison between two things; often takes the form of a declarative sentence; often the easiest type of metaphor to identify

tenor

The idea being expressed or the subject of the comparison

vehicle

The image by Which the idea is conveyed or the subject is communicated

Antistrephon

Using an opponents own words or arguments against them

Irony (Name all three types)

Verbal Irony, Situational Irony, Dramatic Irony

analogy

a comparison or two things, alike in certain ways. a means of explaining or describing the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar

synechdoche

a form of metonymy; uses a part to represent the whole

Irony

a gap between expectation and reality

Situational Irony

a gap between what a character or audience expects to happen and what actually happens

Dramatic Irony

a gap between what the audience knows and what the character in the story knows

Verbal Irony

a gap between what the speaker says and what the speaker means

Double Entendre

a phrase that can be taken in two ways. a trope that relies on lexical ambiguity. double entendres can be funny ("If I said you had a beautiful body, would you hold it against me") or serious ("don't it make my brown eyes blue?")

Antithesis

a presentation of two words or ideas as opposites

Rhetorical Question

a question posed by the reader but not meant to be answered; used for emphasis or provocation

Paradox

a trope that relies on situational irony, is a counterintuitive or seemingly contradictory statement that is actually true.

Metonymy

a trope which substitutes one word/image for another word/image it suggests

simile

an expressed analogy using the words "like" or "as"

conceit

an extended metaphor

Scheme

an umbrella term meaning a change in standard work order or pattern.

Trope

an umbrella term meaning the use of a word phrase or image in a way not intended by its normal signification; literally trope means "turn"

Ambiguity

defined as an intentional lack of clarity used for effect. sometimes ambiguity is used to provoke the reader into further thought. sometimes it is used to allow for multiple/richer meanings.

Hyperbole

deliberate exaggeration; only works if the audience, too, is aware that the exaggeration is intentional

Polysyndeton

deliberate insertion of conjunctions in a list often slows down the rhythm of a sentence

Ellipsis

deliberate omission of a word easily understood in context

Lexical Ambiguity

has to do with word choice and often occurs when the speaker uses a word that can be understood in more than one way.

Metaphor

implied analogy comparing of two objects, alike in some way

Dramatic Ambiguity

occurs when the events or motives of a character are unclear

Apophasis

pretending to deny what is actually affirmed

Parallelism

recurring syntax; sets up logical or equal relationship between (sometimes) dissimilar ideas; lends a sense of rhythm;l poften used in conjunction with anaphora

allusion

reference to a famous event, person, or text

repetition

repeated word or phrase, used for emphasis

Alliteration

repetition of beginning sounds

Anaphora

repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence or clause

Epiphora

repetition of the same word or phrase at the end of a sentence or clause

Chiasmus

repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order

Sarcasm

saying one thing and meaning the opposite, is verbal irony's mean cousin - its usually used in mean spirited way and meant to ridicule

Associative Realm

the area of human experience from which the vehicle is drawn

Ayndeton

the omission of conjunctions in a list; often used to speed up the rhythm of a sentence to highlight multiplicity

zeugma

the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words when it is appropriate to only one of them, or is appropriate to both in different ways

personification

turns an inanimate object into an animate object with thoughts, feelings, etc. Turns an object into a person