RILEY - info for science final
Group 1. They are metals. They are so reactive, they are never found freely. They are only found in compounds. Some of them are shiny, some are so soft they can be cut with a knife.
Alkali Metals
Group 2. Metals. They are harder, denser, and melt at higher temperatures than other metals. They are very reactive, but not as reactive as alkali metals. They are also never found uncombined in nature.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Meg is barbequing hamburgers on the grill. She notices that the coals are ready for cooking because she feels the warmth of the coals and sees that they are glowing red. What types of electromagnetic waves is she detecting? a) infrared waves and visible light waves b) gamma rays and infrared waves c) visible light and ultraviolet waves d) ultraviolet waves and gamma rays
a) infrared waves and visible light waves
An antelope is being chased across the savannah by a hungry lion. The lion runs at a constant speed. How might the antelope use its velocity to escape the lion? Choose 3 that apply. a) it can run at the same speed but change direction b) it can run in the same direction but increase its speed c) it can both increase speed and change direction d) it can decrease speed but continue running in the same direction
a) it can run at the same speed but change direction; b) it can run in the same direction but increase its speed; c) it can both increase speed and change direction
As astronaut in space might feel weightless, but there still is a gravitational attraction between the astronaut and Earth. Which two factors affect this gravitational attraction? Pick 2 a) the masses of Earth and the astronaut b) the weight of Earth and the astronaut c) the rotation of Earth d) the distance between Earth and the astronaut
a) the masses of Earth and the astronaut; d) the distance between Earth and the astronaut
Suppose Mr. Millet has a bulldozer that is being hauled on the back of his truck at 50 km/h to a construction site. From which reference point would the bulldozer not appear to be moving? a) the road b) a traffic light c) the truck driver d) a roadside tree
c) the truck driver
the unit of "loudness" of a sound
decibel
the change in frequency and pitch of a sound wave in relation to the observer
doppler effect
Why must a satellite use electromagnetic waves instead of sound waves?
electromagnetic waves do not need a medium so it can travel through space. Sound waves need a medium so they use electromagnetic waves instead of sound waves.
atomic particle with a negative charge
electron
occurs when a solid object moves through air or water
fluid friction
Sits alone in the upper left corner of the periodic table. This element has the simplest atoms. It is rarely found on earth in pure form because it is almost always combined with oxygen to form water.
hydrogen
Hal wonders which colors have the highest and lowest frequencies. Rearrange the colors into the correct order on the lines in the second column. Place the color with the highest frequency wave at the top and the color with the lowest frequency wave at the bottom. red yellow blue orange violet green
violet; blue; green; yellow; orange; red
Match each term to its description or example: a A - transparent B - Translucent C - Opaque ___ dirty window ___ jello ___ chocolate milk ___ the window in our classroom ___ the windshield in a vehicle ___ a grilled cheese sandwich ___ the screen over one of the classroom lights ___ a glass of water
B; B; C; A; A; C; B; A
His model had electrons in specific orbits around the nucleus
Bohr
Group 17. Made on nonmetals. This group means, "salt forming." They are the mos reactive nonmetals.
Halogen Family
Group 18. The do not form compounds. They are the least reactive nonmetals.
Noble Gases
proton, neutron
located inside the nucleus
Friction is the force that opposes _______.
motion
atomic particle with no electric charge
neutron
The SI unit of force in the _____.
newton
A ____ net force or ____ force causes motion.
non-zero; unbalanced
When describing force, you always need two things, _____ and ______.
strength; direction
Mr. Millet saw all of these things as he walked to school this morning. Which one is an example of a force pushing downward toward the ground? a) a bird sat on a telephone wire b) a woman moved her child from one place to another in a wagon c) a man pulled weeds in his garden d) a dog tugged on a rope held by a child
a) a bird sat on a telephone wire
Calvin was using super glue one afternoon after learning about synthetic materials. He understood that chemists create different kids of new products based on their knowledge of the properties of substances and how they react with each other. What kind of product is super glue? a) accidental b) developed c) exothermic d) planned
a) accidental
Light from the sun travels in electromagnetic waves. Which of these statements describe electromagnetic waves? Choose the 3 that apply. a) consist of transverse wave patterns b) can move through a vacuum c) caused by a vibration in a medium d) consist of longitudinal wave patterns e) requires a medium, such as air, to travel f) made of vibrating electric and magnetic fields
a) consist of transverse wave patterns; b) can move through a vacuum; f) made of vibrating electric and magnetic fields
Mr. Millet is helping load furniture and boxes onto a moving truck. He picks up boxes of his things, places them on a cart, and pushes the car to the moving van. Which term best describes the type of force Mr. Millet is using? a) contact b) friction c) gravity d) non-contact
a) contact
After reading about the kinds of mixtures and their characteristics, Jasmine wants to know how a heterogeneous mixture is different from a homogeneous mixture. What is the main difference between these two kinds of mixtures? a) in a heterogeneous mixture, the components are not evenly spread throughout the mixture. IN a homogeneous mixture, the components are evenly spread throughout the mixture b) in a homogeneous mixture, the components are not evenly spread throughout the mixture. In a heterogeneous mixture, the components are evenly spread throughout the mixture c) in a homogeneous mixture, the components are easy to see and are well mixed so the components show up in different parts of the mixture d) in a heterogeneous mixture, the components are difficult to see and are spread out uniformly throughout the mixture
a) in a heterogeneous mixture, the components are not evenly spread throughout the mixture. IN a homogeneous mixture, the components are evenly spread throughout the mixture
After learning about chemical reactions, Sofia investigated different kinds of chemical changes using substances she found in her kitchen so she could see these changes. Which of the following can occur when a chemical reaction takes place? Choose 3: a) new bonds form b) existing bonds break c) new substances form d) changes don't affect matter
a) new bonds form; b) existing bonds break; c) new substances form
Hal wonders about the properties of electromagnetic waves that make up the visible light spectrum. He conducts an experiment to see how sunlight behaves while moving through a prism. He is able to separate visible light into colors of the rainbow. He notices that each color has a unique wavelength and frequency. Violet blue green yellow orange red ultraviolet infrared 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) Which of these statements describes visible light? Choose 2 that apply. a) red light has a longer distance between wave crests than blue light b) yellow light has a shorter distance between wave crests than green light c) blue light has a shorter distance between wave crests than orange light d) orange light has a shorter distance between wave crests than violet light
a) red light has a longer distance between wave crests than blue light; d) orange light has a shorter distance between wave crests than violet light
If I were to look at a red rose through a green filter, what color would the parts appear to be? Why?
The red rose would appear black but the stem would appear green. This happens because the green stem reflects off the green light, but the red rose absorbs all the colors until you look through a red filter. Then, the rose absorbs all colors and reflects off the red so you see red.
The elements in groups 3-12. Most are shiny solids with high melting points. Most are good conductors of heart and electricity. Some such as gold can be found in nature.
Transition Metals
Vivian went on a bicycle trip through Germany with her family. One afternoon, she rode her bicycle along a long, flat road at a constant speed for 24 km. The ride took her 1.2 hours. At what speed did she ride her bicycle? a) 0.05 h/km b) 20 mi/h c) 20 km/h d) 28.8 km*h
c) 20 km/h
Quinn enjoys watching the trains go by after school. He walks to a field that is between his school and house and sits on a large rock to wait for the train. As the train approaches him, the sound waves are (amplified / louder / compressed / spread out), which causes the pitch to be (compressed / higher / lower / quieter). After the train passes Quinn, he notices that the pitch changes as the sound waves are (amplified / louder / compressed / spread out).
compressed; higher; spread out
Juliana and Asha were using a trumpet to test how sound waves travel. Juliana blew a series of notes through the trumpet, while Asha changed her location around the room in between each trial. Asha used a detector to measure how loudly Juliana was playing the trumpet. Asha put the detector right in front of the trumpet and got a reading of 80 decibels. She then opened the door and want down the hall a short distance, where she got a reading of 50 decibels. How much louder was the trumpet when Asha was standing right next to it than when she was down the hall? a) 30 times b) 300 times c) 100 times d) 1000 times
d) 1000 times
After reading about the kinds of changes that occur, Mr. Millet saw some rust on a pipe that was going into his house. What kind of change is the formation of rust? a) reactant b) product c) physical d) chemical
d) chemical
Leonardo da Vinci had an interesting way of writing in his journal. he wrote in Italian, but with his letters flipped horizontally and his words running from right to left. If you were to pick up his journal, what would make it easier to read? a) using a magnifying glass b) looking at it upside down c) starting from the end and going backwards d) holding it up to a plane mirror
d) holding it up to a plane mirrorrently
After learning about the law of conservation of mass, Remy began to wonder about how to best test this law. She wanted to show that the amounts of matter did not change but produced an equal amount of a different kind of matter. What is the best way to study this law? a) in a homogeneous mixture b) in a heterogeneous mixture c) in on open system d) in a closed system
d) in a closed system
Anna hits a golf ball, and it soars through the air toward the green. It travels in an arc over the ground. Which statement does NOT describe the ball's acceleration before it stops? a) it increases speed b) it decreases speed c) it changes its overall direction d) it moves in the same direction
d) it moves in the same direction
Which of these statements is true about the behavior of light? a) light behaves like a longitudinal electromagnetic wave b) light consists of electric and magnetic fields that are parallel to one another c) light waves vibrate in only one direction d) light behaves as a wave or a particle depending on the situation
d) light behaves as a wave or a particle depending on the situation
Corey pours lemonade into a glass and places a straw in the glass. When he observes the straw through the side of the glass, the straw appears to be broken into two parts. Which statement explains Corey's observations of the straw? a) light waves are bouncing off of the straw b) light waves are absorbed by the water in the glass c) light waves are undergoing destructive interference d) light waves are bending when they travel from one material to another
d) light waves are bending when they travel from one material to another
It has just stopped raining, and Tom and Amy look up and see a rainbow. They know that the colors are arranged in wavelengths from longest to shortest, starting with red, then orange, yellow, green, blue, and then purple. Which color has the lowest frequency? a) green b) purple c) blue d) red
d) red
Hal researches how rainbows form. He learns that when light traveling through the air moves through water droplets, a rainbow forms. Which process names what happens when light is transmitted from air to water during the formation of a rainbow? a) absorption b) amplification c) reflection d) refraction
d) refraction
What does Ella need to know before she combines the substances to create a specific material? a) whether the substances are synthetic or from natural resources b) that all materials react to combine and form new products accidentally c) the physical and chemical properties of the material that will be formed d) the physical and chemical properties of the substances and how they react chemically
d) the physical and chemical properties of the substances and how they react chemically
Miko is blowing up balloons and one of the balloons slips out of her hand before she ties it off, and it shoots through the air until it is empty. Which statement explains what caused the balloon to accelerate? a) the air leaving through the balloon's mouth pushes on the air surrounding the balloon, so the balloon experiences a net force b) all air surrounding the balloon pushes the balloon forward c) the mass of the air leaving the balloon is greater than the mass of the balloon, so the balloon moves forward d) when the balloon pushes on the leaving air, the leaving air pushes back on the balloon, so the balloon experiences a net force
d) when the balloon pushes on the leaving air, the leaving air pushes back on the balloon, so the balloon experiences a net force
Bella is designing a model of a longitudinal sound wave for her science classroom. Which of the following pieces of information should Bella include in her model? Choose 2 a) sound must travel through a material to transfer energy b) sound must travel through a vacuum to transfer energy c) rarefaction and compression are properties of longitudinal waves d) crests and troughs are properties of longitudinal waves
a) sound must travel through a material to transfer energy; c) rarefaction and compression are properties of longitudinal waves
the type of friction between a skydiver falling toward earth
fluid friction
the type of friction someone on the MBS swim team deals with at practice
fluid friction
also called the law of inertia
newton's 1st law
an object at rest remains at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force
newton's 1st law
fnet = mass x acceleration
newton's 2nd law
the law that says the larger the mass, the smaller the acceleration
newton's 2nd law
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
newton's 3rd law
the law of action/reaction forces
newton's 3rd law
Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. It has 3 Isotopes. How many protons and neutrons are in the following isotopes? Oxygen 16: protons _____ neutrons ____ Oxygen 17: protons _____ neutrons ____ Oxygen 18: protons _____ neutrons ____
oxygen 16 has 8 protons and neutrons; oxygen 17 has 8 protons and 9 neutrons; oxygen 18 has 8 protons and 10 neutrons
atomic particle with a positive charge
proton
Electromagnetic waves are organized in an electromagnetic spectrum from long wavelengths. The wave with the longest wavelengh in the electromagnetic spectrum is a (gamma ray / ultraviolet wave / radio wave). The wave with the shortest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum is a (x-ray / gamma ray / ultraviolet wave).
radio wave; gamma ray
Please balance the equation and then rite the type of reaction it is. __ AIO2 -> __ AI2 + __ O3 Reaction Type ____ C3 + __ O2 -> __CO2 Reaction Type ____ N4 + __ H4 -> ___ NH2 Reaction Type ___
6AIO2 -> 3AI2 + 4O3 - Decomposition Reaction; C3 + 3O2 -> 3CO2 - Synthesis Reaction N4 + 2H4 -> 4NH2 - Synthesis Reaction
What is the difference between balanced forces and action/reaction forces?
Balanced forces equal each other out. So when 2 forces go to the same object, it will be balanced because the same amount of force is going to it. For action/reaction forces, if one force has more force on an object than another an reaction will happen.
Group 13. Contains 1 metalloid, Boron, and post transition metals. Boron is high strength and light weight and is found in things such as fiberglass.
Boron Family
For each of Newton's three laws of motion, compare hitting a 500 g croquet ball with a mallet to hitting a 56 g tennis ball with the same mallet and the same amount of force. Make sure you write in complete sentences and use all three laws.
Both of the balls will not move unless an outside force hits it. Newton's first law says this. Newton's 2nd law says that the 500 g croquet ball will need more force towards it for it move, as with the 56 g tennis ball, you will not need as much force to move it. Newton's 3rd law says that with every action, there's a reaction. So with the 500 g croquet ball, the ball will move at the same force that was put to it as with the 56 g tennis ball whatever net force that was put to it will be the net force the tennis ball gives out
discovered that atoms contain a negatively charged particle called an electron. His model had electrons inside of a positively charged ball
Thomson
Group 14. Only carbon is a nonmetal. The others are metalloids. Carbon plays an important role in proteins, DNA, and the chemistry of life.
Carbon Family
Scientists determined electrons do not move in specific orbits, but rapidly around the nucleus
Cloud Model
Said that matter was formed by small pieces that were, "uncuttable", he called the Atoms
Democritius
Some chemical reactions need energy in the form of heat to take place, while others give off energy. Read each of the phrases that describe endothermic or exothermic reactions. For each statement, write En for an Endothermic reaction or Ex for Exothermic reaction. ___ some energy is released as light ___ energy released is greater than the energy needed to break bonds ___ need continuous source of energy ___ leaves the surroundings feeling cold ___ some energy is released as heat ___ more energy needed to break bonds of the reactants than is released
Ex; Ex; En; En; Ex; En
the amount of energy a sound wave carries per second through a unit area
intensity
Group 15. Made of 2 nonmetals, nitrogen and phosphorus, and 2 metalloids, arsenic and antimony. 78% of our atmosphere is nitrogen. Phosphorus is much more reactive and is always found in compounds.
Nitrogen Family
James Chadwick discovered the neutron and stated that protons and neutrons are in nucleus surrounded by electrons in a cloudlike formation
Modern Model
Group 16. Made of 3 nonmetals - oxygen, sulfur, and 2 metalloids - tellurium and polonium. Oxygen is a gas at room temperature while sulfur and selenium are both solids.
Oxygen Family
Challenged Thomson's model, his gold foil experiment discovered the nucleus
Rutherford
One day on her walk home from school, Leann noticed some rust on an old car. Explain in detail what the following equation tells us about rust formation. 4Fe + 3O2 --> 2Fe2O3
This equation tells me that iron and oxygen chemically combined and made rust. Fe is iron and O is oxygen. For the product, they are combined and when iron and oxygen combine rust forms.
Mr. Millet throws a lacrosse ball with a force of 6 N, and the resulting acceleration is 43 m/s2. What is the mass (rounded to nearest hundredth) of the lacrosse ball? a) 0.14 kg b) 0.14 m c) 7.20 kg d) 258.0 kg
a) 0.14 kg
Mirrors - match the description to each type of mirror; some will be used more than once ___ are flat A. concave mirror ___ are curved inward B. Convex Mirror ___ are curved outward C. Plane Mirror ___ produces an image that is inverted ___ produces an image that is smaller than the original
are flat - C; are curved inward - A; are curved outward - B; produces an image that is inverted - A; produces an image that is smaller than the original - B
Circle the correct words that complete the paragraph: Pace left home at 8 AM to spend the day at an amusement park. He arrived at the park which was 150 km from his house, at 10 AM. Pace explained that his speed was 38 km/h, which was a/an (accelerated / directional / instantaneous / average) speed, but the fastest speed he went was 60 km/h, which was a/an (directional / instantaneous / accelerated / average) speed.
average; instantaneous
She read about some of the products chemists have discovered. She learned that sometimes synthetic materials are created accidentally. For instance, a chemist working on plastic gun sights synthesized a very sticky material accidentally. Which product had he accidentally made? a) a slinky toy b) a super glue c) a new sweetener d) a non-stick surface
b) a super glue
Juliana and Asha were using a trumpet to test how sound waves travel. Juliana blew a series of notes through the trumpet, while Asha changed her location around the room in between each trial. Asha found that the horn sounded loudest when she was in a direct line from where the sound originated. What is the term for this type of wave? a) latitude b) longitude c) compressed d) diffracted
b) longitude
Monica was using different colored pieces of clear plastic for an art project. Her little brother came and scattered the plastic all over the photograph of the image she was using as a guide. As she was cleaning up, she noticed that the image appeared differently behind certain colors of plastic. Why was this? a) certain colors of light pass through, leaving everything else blank or invisible b) only the color matching the plastic can pass through, leaving everything else shades of black c) only the color matching the plastic can pass through, leaving everything else blank or invisible d) all colors except the one that matches the plastic can pass through, leaving that color black
b) only the color matching the plastic can pass through, leaving everything else shades of black
Desmond wanted to paint his bedroom. He went to the hardware store and was shown a variety of different paint colors from which to pick. Paint is an example of which kind of product that is made with chemicals by humans? a) natural b) synthetic c) accidental d) natural resource
b) synthetic
Brianna and Roger were conducting an experiment that involved sending sound waves through different materials. When the paid organized their data, they discovered that there was a pattern to the speeds the sound waves traveled. What can change the speed of sound through a material? Choose the 2 that apply a) mass b) temperature c) length d) width e) density
b) temperature; e) density
Mr. Millet works in a recycling center. Recyclable materials arrive at the center mixed together. Workers use magnets to separate steel cans from other items. Which TWO statements are true about the force between a steel can and a magnet? a) gravity pushes the can toward the magnet b) the force between the can and the magnet is a non-contact force c) the attraction between the can and the magnet is a pull d) the attraction between the can and magnet is a push
b) the force between the can and the magnet is a non-contact force; c) the attraction between the can and the magnet is a pull
Jerome has a tow truck and he is in charge of moving several vehicles for the city. He wants to explain to his niece how towing vehicles relates to Newton's second law. Which statement should he use? a) the greater the vehicular mass, the less force the tow truck will use b) the greater the vehicular mass, the more force the tow truck will use c) the vehicular mass has no effect on the amount of force the tow truck uses d) the vehicular mass pulls on the tow truck in the opposite direction
b) the greater the vehicular mass, the more force the tow truck will use
Leandra is learning about chemical reactions and she wants to examine the information that is included in a chemical equation. Which pieces of information does a chemical equation include? Choose 3 a) the kinds of atoms that form during a reaction b) the kinds of molecules involved in the reaction c) the kinds of elements that make up a molecule d) whether the molecules are products or reactants e) whether the products have more mass than the reactants
b) the kinds of molecules involved in the reaction; c) the kinds of elements that make up a molecule; d) whether the molecules are products or reactants
After reading that a solution is a homogeneous mixture, Jasmine wondered about her favorite morning drink, grape juice. Which statement about the solution that makes up grape juice is true? a) sugar is the solvent, and water is one of the solutes b) water is the solvent and sugar is one of the solutes c) grapes are the solvent and water is one of the solutes d) sugar is one of the solvents and grapes are one of the solutes
b) water is the solvent and sugar is one of the solutes
The bumpy pattern on the soles of shoes in called the tread. Melanie and Keisha are at the store looking at the treads on different basketball shes. They want new shoes so that they do not slide around on the basketball court. Which of these situations produces the most friction between the shoes and the floor? a) a girl with less mass wearing shoes with more tread b) a girl with less mass wearing shoes with less tread c) a girl with greater mass wearing shoes with more tread d) a girl with greater mass wearing shoes with less tread
c) a girl with greater mass wearing shoes with more tread
Knox understands that there are several signs than indicate a chemical reaction has occurred. What is the best way to be certain that a chemical reaction has occurred? a) some bubbles form b) a color change occurs c) a new substance forms d) the materials do not react
c) a new substance forms
Macy has been studying physical and chemical reactions in school. She read about chemical reactions and how energy is either required or released during chemical reactions. Which word describes the direction of heat flow in a lantern (similar to the red lantern we have at home) a) chemical b) endothermic c) exothermic d) physical
c) exothermic
Alex saw a rusty old car in an abandoned lot. Because he had recently read about chemical reactions, he began to wonder how the rust formed. What happened to cause the rust on the steel car? a) a physical change took place in the steel of the car to form rust b) oxygen in the air reacted with the paint on the car and formed rust c) oxygen in the air chemically combined with the iron in the steel to form rust d) a decomposition chemical reaction took place when the iron in the steel mixed with oxygen to form rust
c) oxygen in the air chemically combined with the iron in the steel to form rust
Mr. Millet knows that changes can alter the looks or shape of a substance. Cutting, melting, bending, or crushing are examples of what kind of change? a) reactant b) product c) physical d) chemical
c) physical
Luisa likes to drink water from a plastic bottle. She knows the bottles were formed from synthetic polymers that were created in a chemical reaction. She also knows that synthetic materials can cause problems. Which statement explains the kind of problem that can develop from using synthetic materials such as plastic? a) plastics have changed the way people use materials b) plastics have made the lives of people easier c) plastics have contributed to more pollution d) plastics have made more work for people
c) plastics have contributed to more pollution
Erika visits the Grand Canyon with her family. When she shouts near the edge, she can hear her voice echo throughout the canyon. Which statement describes why Erika hears her echo? a) the sound was loud b) the sound waves traveled in a vacuum c) the sound waves reflected off the canyon walls d) the sound waves bent as they traveled into the canyon
c) the sound waves reflected off the canyon walls
Andrew plays trumpet in the concert band. He holds the trumpet still at his side until it is time for him to play. When it is time, he brings the trumpet up to his mouth and starts to play. Which statement correctly connects the motion of the trumpet with Newton's first law of motion? a) a tuba has more mass than a trumpet, so it has greater inertia b) the trumpet automatically stops moving without a force acting on it c) the trumpet start moving because a net force overcomes the trumpet's inertia d) andrew exerts an action force on the trumpet, and the trumpet exerts a reaction force on andrew
c) the trumpet start moving because a net force overcomes the trumpet's inertia
electron
located outside the nucleus
your awareness of the energy of a sound
loudness
Theresa and Julia want to know more about how electromagnetic waves are used in our daily lives. They research the different wavelengths and list some household items that use each wavelength. Match each type of electromagnetic wave in the left column to the household item that uses it in the right column. ___ microwaves A) radar ___ visible light B) electric stove ___ infrared waves C) television ___ radio waves D) flashlight
microwaves - radar; visible light - flashlight; infrared waves - electric stove; radio waves - television
Jamie was practicing for his piano recital and always warmed up by playing scales. He started at the lower notes and practiced different patterns toward the higher notes before heading back down. As Jamie's fingers moved across the piano keys, the ____ changed.
pitch
how high or low a sound seems
pitch
occurs when an object rolls across a surface
rolling friction
the type of friction between the wheels of my truck and the road
rolling friction
occurs when two objects slide past each other
sliding friction
acts on objects that are at rest
static friction
the type friction that holds this test on your desk
static friction