Risk Assessment & JSA

Role of safety professional

Must consider the two distinct aspects of risk: -Avoiding, eliminating, or reducing the probability of a hazard - Minimizing the severity of harm or damage -Risk= Probability x Severity

Definition of Danger

Negative consequence (harm) that may occur.

Acceptable Risk

Safety = freedom from unacceptable risk...

Job Hazard Analysis

Sometimes used today to include an analysis of many types of hazards (safety, environmental, quality, etc.)

3. Identifying the Hazards

identify and list the potential opportunities for the employee to: - Strike against or be struck by objects - Get caught in, by, or between objects - Slip, trip, or fall - Strain or over‐exert muscles by pushing, pulling, lifting, bending, or twisting - Be exposed to toxic gases, vapors, mists, fumes or dust

Definition of Risk

measure of both the Probability (likelihood of exposure) and the Severity (consequences of exposure) of all hazards of an activity or condition.

Definition of Hazard

potential for an activity, condition, circumstance or changing conditions or circumstances to produce harmful effects. (An unsafe condition) -potential source of harm

3. Change the Work Procedure

• Are the operating procedures easy to follow? • Are operators following the procedures? • Are the workers able to take shortcuts which put them into hazardous conditions? • Are the procedures up‐to‐date? • If there are necessary changes, what do the employees need to learn to understand the changes?

4. Reduce the Necessity/Frequency of Job

• Can any job steps be eliminated without changing the outcome? • Can steps be done less frequently?

2. Defining the Steps

• Describe each step of the job and describe in sequence • Select the right person to observe • Observe the employee performing the job and break into steps • Record each step • Check the steps with the employee for verification and discussion of any unusual circumstances

Risk Assessment

• Estimate the probability that the incident occurs

1. Selecting the Jobs

• Identify each job and list in order of priority

5. Personal Protective Equipment

• Should personal protective equipment be used? • Is the appropriate PPE available? • Is PPE worn correctly and diligently?

• Many OSHA Standards require hazard analysis:

- Emergency Action Plans - Hazard Communication - PPE - Lock‐out / Tag‐out - Confined Spaces - injury and illness prevention plan is needed

Probability

- Likelihood of the hazard/event

Severity

- Measure of potential or actual harm

1.Find a New Way to do the Job

-"Is there a better way of doing this job?" -Can different tools, equipment, materials, or methods be used? -Can steps be eliminated to save time and waste less?

2. Change the Physical Conditions

-Can individual elements of the job be improved through engineering revisions? - Can equipment be turned or an operation repositioned so that the operator does not have to stand in a high‐traffic aisle? -Can the weight of the materials be increased so that they have to be mechanically moved? -Can you decrease the weight of the materials so that there is less hazard in handling them?

What is Job Safety Analysis?

-First mentioned around 1950, by Bethlehem Steel -Process of studying and recording each step of a job, identifying existing or potential hazards, and determining the best way to perform the job to reduce or eliminate the hazards. -goal is to develop approaches for elimination or prevention of accidents

Four Elements of the JSA

1. Select jobs to study 2. Define the steps 3. Identify the hazards 4. Develop controls

Characterizing Risk

1. existence of hazard (s) 2. Exposure to hazard 3. frequency of endangerment of those exposed to hazard 4. severity of consequences 5. probability of hazard being realized

Hierarchy of Controls Procedure(s) to Use in JHA

1.Hazard or risk 2. Eliminate 3. Substitute 4. Engineer out the problem 5. Administrative Control 6. PPE

4. Developing Controls

Consider possible solutions, in the following order - Find a new way to do the job - Change the physical conditions that create the hazard - Change the work procedure to eliminate hazards still present - Reduce the necessity of doing a job or reduce the frequency - Use of personal protective equipment