rizal martyrdom

August 6, 1896 -

España arrived in Manila almost one week after Jose Rizal left Dapitan together with Narcisa, Josephine, Angelica (Narcisa's daughter), three nephews and six of his students. Rizal has now fallen to the deadly Spanish trap.

Rizal's letters, letters of his compatriots like Marcelo del Pilar and Antonio Luna, a poem (Kundiman), a Masonic document, two transcripts of speech of Katipuneros (Emilio Jacinto and Jose Turiano Santiago), and Rizal's poem 'A Talisay.' And the Oral testimonies of 13 Filipinos: La Liga officers like Ambrosio Salavador Deodato Arellano, the Katipunero Pio Valenzuela and among others

Fifteen pieces of documentary evidence were presented—

December 11, 1896

the arraignment of Rizal. Dominguez decided that there was no need for Rizal to see/meet and even to be cross examined the "witnesses" who had accused him.

December 25, 1896

the list of Judges were shown to Rizal

December 28, 1896

Gov. Gen. Polavieja orders the death of Rizal at 7 am of December 30 in Bagumbayan by firing squad.

(a) Draco rizali - flying dragon, (b) Apogonia rizali - small beetle and (c) Rhacophorus rizali - rare frog

Rizal's name in the field of sciences will be forever instill for his significant contribution in the scientific world the:

1. publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and articles; 2. having in possession a bundle of handbills, the Pobres Frailes 3. simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture and 4.for dedicating his novel to the GomBurZa (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora).

Several days later, the Spanish authorities arrested Rizal for:

December 12, 1896

a new Governador general, Camilo de Polavieja assumed office. Although there was a change of governors did nothing to the speed of Rizal's trial.

-Devoted his time in planting important crops and fruit-bearing trees - He planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, and coconuts, herbal plants, etc. - Advanced the farming techniques by introducing high quality and up to date machineries coming from United States.

agriculturist

- Rizal contributed to the activities of the Sisters of Charity - Sketches of the different sceneries, fauna in Dapitan.

artist

november 3, 1986

- Rizal arrived at Manila and was confined incommunicado at Fort Santiago. And in order to get evidence against Rizal, series of investigation, merciless torture and forcibly question were done to some friends, members of La Liga and even his very own brother, Paciano. Interrogation as a preliminary act of the investigation were also done and administered by a military officer, Colonel Olive. Colonel Olive was the same military leader who led the troops that forced the Rizal family to vacate their Calamba home in the year 1890.

December 26, 1896

- the "moro-moro" court martial held. Take note that this was a MILITARY COURT, thus intended to prosecute, litigate an accused military officers and/or soldiers. Rizal is a a civilian, graduate of medicine, a doctor and never served the military (although Rizal requested before to the Spanish Governor General his wanting to serve as a medical officer during the war in Cuba, but never it materialized). The said military judges listened to the prosecutors brief, the defense counsels brief and to Rizal.

December 10, 1896

- the 106 military officers were presented to Rizal, these are all soldiers, a military officers not lawyers; low-ranking officers with no concrete legal background to help Rizal. But Rizal upon seeing the list of eligible counsel chooses Luis de Taviel. On he very same day, Taviel accepted the duty. It can be remembered that his brother, Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade who worked as Rizal's personal body guard in Calamba in 1887.

Engineer

-Rizal successfully provided a good water system in the province and even stree lightings

Rizal was against rebellion and it was testified by Pio Valenzuela; - he had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan; - that he knew nothing that his name was used by the Katipunan; - if he was guilty of the cases brought to him, he should have escaped the country while in exile in dapitan; - and if guilty, he shouldn't have built a home, bought a parcel of land nor established a hospital and school in Dapitan - the revolutionists should have consulted him.if he was really the leader

12 points of innocence

December 27, 1896

Auditor General de Guerra Pena recommends the approval of Rizals death sentence.

December 2, 1896

Captain Dominguez summarized the case and brought it back to Blanco to be examined by Judge Advocate General Don Nicolas Dela Peña.

1. Rizal be instantly brought to trial, 2. he must be kept in jail, 3. an order of attachment be issued against his property, and 4. a Spanish army officer, not a civilian lawyer, be permitted to defend Rizal in court.

Peña, after examining the cases, ordered the following:

June 17, 1896

Rizal arrived at Dapitan. Here, Rizal was able to utilized his skills in farming, agriculture, engineering, arts, business, education, architecture and especially in the field of sciences, medicine and surgery. He was able flourish his relationship with his penmates; Ferdinand Bluementritt, Reinhold Rot and friends in Europe.

November 21, 1986 -

Rizal was interrogated with his relationship with Andres Bonifacio, president of the Supreme Council of the Katipunan

30th of December 1896,

Rizal's death

Austin Coates b

began to get interested in Dr. Jose Rizal. As expected, he first studied about Rizal when the latter stayed in Hong Kong for 1 year, 1891-1892. This is significant because during the time that Austin Coates was writing and researching, many of the people who knew the national hero were still alive by then. This prompted Austin Coates to write and publish his book entitled Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr which serves as the first biography about Rizal which was written by a European after Wenceslao Retana's work in 1907.

he adventured in the fishing, hemp and copra industries, which later on gave him in opening a trade of hemp in Manila.

businessman

-established a school in Dapitan with no formal room - He made the students do community projects for him like maintaining his garden and field as their payment for matriculation - taught them reading, writing in English and Spanish, geography, history, mathematics, industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics.

educator

November 20, 1896

the preliminary investigation on Rizal began. During the five-day investigation, rizal was formally informed about the cases against him together with the two kinds of evidences - written and testimonial.

-wooden brick-maker can manufacture about 6,000 bricks a day - a water irrigation - Street lighting in dapitan.

inventor

Fr. Pio Pi

issued an affidavit in 1917 narrating his part or role in the said retraction of Dr. Jose Rizal. His main part was only the retrieval of the retraction document from the Archbishop of Manila Bernardino Nozaleda. He, like Balaguer, believed that Jose Rizal really retracted

- Studied and the Bisayan and Malayan languages

linguist

Ferdinand Bluementritt, Reinhold Rot and friends in Europe.

penmates

-provided free medicine to the underprivileged. - wealthy patients who paid him - Don Ignacio Tumarong paid him 3000 pesos for restoring his sight, - An Englishman payed him 500 pesos - DonFrancisco Azcarraga who paid him a cargo of sugar.

physician (5)

Rizal together with his students, explored the fauna, mountains and hillsides of Dapitan and collected specimens which he sent to museums in Europe. Rizal also made researches and studies in the fields of ethnography, archaeology, geology, anthropology and geography.

scientist

December 9, 1896

the 106 officers below the rank of first or second lieutenant officers were drawn and considered eligible to be Rizal's defense counsel.

Fr. Balaguer

was a Jesuit priest who paid Jose Rizal a visit in Fort Santiago. He asserted that he was able to convince the national hero to turn his back on Masonry and come back to Catholicism.

rafael palma

who was a lawyer, writer, educator, and politician, was the author of Biografia de Rizal. His narrative or account regarding the alleged retraction of the national hero can be found in Chapters 32 and 33 in his book wherein his critical analysis can be read in Chapter 33, the latter chapter.Palma, who was popular mason, disputed the truthfulness of the retraction document because for him, it "did not reflect Rizal's true character and beliefs." According to Nidoy (2013), Palma considered the retraction tale as a "pious fraud."