S2 Ch 12

Colonial silver mines relied on an extensive network of coerced Amerindian labor. True False

T

What was the benefit to the Spanish crown of an encomienda? The crown could use the encomenderos as forced labor on sugar plantations. The crown could use the encomienda to directly oversee missionary work among the Indians. The crown could use the encomienda to export Iberian prisoners to work mines in the Americas. The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomenderos.

The crown received special taxes on the extraction of precious metals from the encomenderos.

In Ming China, where did women find the greatest opportunities to obtain wealth and influence? as performers in the new entertainment districts as healers, consorts, and power brokers in the Forbidden City as merchants in trading centers such as Macau as authors of Confucian guides for proper behavior

as healers, consorts, and power brokers in the Forbidden City

Which of the following was essential to the Aztec state's legitimacy? a bureaucratic government a federation of allied nations kinship and clan networks guild and professional groups

kinship and clan networks

The work of which admiral and cartographer provided the foundation for important Ottoman gains in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean? Zheng He Suleiman Piri Reis da Gama

piri

Which of the following were the primary techniques of early Portuguese expansion into the Indian Ocean? mass migration and the production of commodities for export violent seizure of land and resettlement of domestic convict populations direct rule and proselytism of native populations around the Indian Ocean strategic checkpoints and extraction of bribes for passage from merchants headed east

strategic checkpoints and extraction of bribes for passage from merchants headed east

What was Portugal's primary goal in the Indian Ocean trade? to exploit Asian commercial networks and trading systems to sell African products in Asian markets to conquer as much territory as possible to develop cooperative relationships with local rulers

to exploit Asian commercial networks and trading systems

What was the primary reason for the rapid increase in the importation of Africans in sixteenth-century Brazil and the Caribbean? Africans were used as domestic servants. Africans were used as labor for sugar plantations. Africans were used as skilled craftsmen in urban areas. Africans were used as labor in the silver mines.

Africans were used as labor for sugar plantations.

The Columbian Exchange led to which of the following? Afro-Eurasian farmers became less competitive than American farmers. The Afro-Eurasian landscape came to look more like the Americas. Syphilis spread throughout the Western Hemisphere. Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa.

Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa.

Which of the following was a way in which the spread of Protestant beliefs contributed to protracted warfare in Europe between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries? The growth of Calvinism led the Lutheran Church to call for a new crusade against unbelievers. Some peasants used Luther's challenge to church authority as permission to take up arms against feudal landlords. Some Protestants requested support from the Ottoman Turks, asking them to attack the eastern sections of the Holy Roman Empire. Some Spanish princes used Protestant beliefs as a way to challenge the authority of the Habsburg emperors.

Some peasants used Luther's challenge to church authority as permission to take up arms against feudal landlords.

The experience of conquering the Aztec Empire taught the Spanish that effective conquest had to be accomplished quickly, completely destroying indigenous symbols of legitimate authority. t or f

T

In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs' constant warfare? The Aztecs' neighbors attempted to choke off their access to the sea, denying the Aztecs coastal trade. The Aztecs' neighbors were unwilling to trade with them, requiring warfare to secure highly desired luxury items such as rare quetzal feathers. The Aztecs and their neighbors were engaged in a bitter struggle to obtain control of the Yucatan Peninsula. The Aztecs wanted to extract tribute and take war captives to sacrifice to their gods.

The Aztecs wanted to extract tribute and take war captives to sacrifice to their gods.

In the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church responded to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation in which of the following ways? The Church recalled missionaries from outside Europe to take part in the religious debates. The Church translated the Bible into local languages to appeal to more followers. The Church modified certain doctrines such as the intercessory power of saints. The Church sought to reform clerical corruption.

The Church sought to reform clerical corruption.

Which of the following characterized the Portuguese presence in sixteenth-century Macau? The Portuguese took over much of the silver trade between China and Korea. The Portuguese were the largest group of traders at Macau. The Portuguese used Macau as an entry into the lucrative import-export trade with China. The Portuguese established a permanent colony in China.

The Portuguese used Macau as an entry into the lucrative import-export trade with China.

Which of the following attributes made the caravel useful in exploring the African coasts? The caravel was a Muslim invention that allowed sailors to determine latitude by measuring the height of the sun above the horizon. The caravel had four masts with square sails, allowing it to sail into the winds that roared up the African coast. The caravel was a method of finding longitude, which allowed Portuguese mariners to locate themselves out of sight of land. The caravel was more maneuverable in coastal estuaries because it had triangular sails that gave it the ability to tack.

The caravel was more maneuverable in coastal estuaries because it had triangular sails that gave it the ability to tack.

What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century? The Portuguese were denied access to the Mediterranean trade in gold by their rivals, the Dutch. The Spanish had taken control of the gold coming from the Americas, so the Portuguese had to look elsewhere. The Holy Roman Empire refused to allow the Portuguese merchants a share of trade in gold mined in the Carpathian Mountains. The value of gold rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals.

The value of gold rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals.

During the sixteenth century, to what use did Mughals put their increased global and local commerce? They used the resources to glorify their court's architecture and art. They formed closer tributary ties with Ming China. They sponsored their own voyages of exploration. They tried to force the Dutch and English out of the Indian Ocean trade.

They used the resources to glorify their court's architecture and art.

Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new routes to Asia? They needed a new source of gold and silver and believed it could be found in Asia. They were responding to the conquest of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean. They were responding to the Black Death, which had made their old trade routes too dangerous to use. They wanted to establish a closer relationship with the Chinese and learn more about their agricultural techniques.

They were responding to the conquest of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean.

Which of the following was a major long-term consequence of Columbus's voyages? The Genoese came to dominate transatlantic trade routes. Two different and previously separated biomes converged. The Portuguese were frozen out of the new colonies in the Western Hemisphere. The Ottomans relinquished the South Asian port of Diu to the Portuguese.

Two different and previously separated biomes converged.