SAF Quizbowl Questions
Eutrophication
A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria.
Chlorosis
An abnormally yellow color of plant tissue, resulting from partial failure to develop chlorophyll, caused by a nitrogen deficiency.
Necrosis
Tissue death; visual evidence is when plant leaves turn brown; due to too much nitrogen in the plant.
pole stand
a stand of trees with diameters ranging from 4 inches to approximately 10 inches.
yield table
a tabulation of volume, basal area, number of trees, etc. per acre found in full stands on specified sites at specified ages
cull
a tree or log of merchantable size rendered useless for all but firewood because of shape, disease, insect infestation or injury
Seed year /Masting
a year in which a given species produces a large seed crop. usually applied to trees of irregular or infrequent seed production
Site index
an expression of forest site quality based on the height of the dominant trees at a specified age (usually 50 years in the eastern U.S.)
Derived trait
an innovated character state in a taxon
umbo
cone feature (1)
apophysis
cone feature (2)
Phylogeny
evolutionary history of a group
sanitation cut
harvesting or killing trees infected or highly susceptible to insects or diseases to protect the rest of the forest stand.
TSI (timber stand improvement)
improving the growth and/or species makeup by removing the less desirable trees, vines and occasionnaly large shrubs
Cronartium ribicola (White Pine Blister Rust)
native to Asia, this fungal pathogen has a complex life cycle that requires two hosts and was introduced to North America around the turn of the twentieth century. Since its introduction, it has spread to 38 states and caused substantial damage and mortality especially in commercially valuable species. Initially establishes in lead stomata, then moves towards the stem
crown thin
reduces crowding within the main crown canopy and increases the light around foliage of the residual trees
selection thin
removal of trees larger than a prescribed diameter limit to favor smaller trees of good growth form and condition; removes dominant trees to favor smaller ones of lower crown classes
mechanical/geometric thin
removal of trees within a fixed spacing interval or by rows or strips with fixed distances between them; removes trees in plantations by rows
low thin
removes trees of lower crown positions, leaving the larger and more free-to-grow trees more or less evenly spaced over the area
consistence
resistance of a soil, at various moisture contents, to mechanical stress (i.e. squishing, crushing, etc.)
Multicolored Asian lady beetle
sometimes called the Halloween lady beetle, was brought from Japan to control aphids on trees. It does good work, though can be a nuisance to people when its populations are very high (swarming). [WISCONSIN]
Standard Error
std. dev./ square root of n =
Flocculation
the clumping together of small, suspended, solid particles within soils using Ca as the "bonder"
declination
the difference between true north and magnetic north
MBF
thousand board feet