Saunders NCLEX Neurological
A client with recent-onset Bell's palsy is upset and crying about the change in facial appearance. The nurse plans to support the client emotionally by making which statement to the client? 1. "This is not a stroke, and many clients recover in 3 to 5 weeks." 2. "This is caused by a small tumor, which can be removed easily." 3. "This is similar to a stroke, but all symptoms will reverse without treatment." 4. "This is a temporary problem, with treatment similar to that for migraine headaches."
"This is not a stroke, and many clients recover in 3 to 5 weeks." Clients with Bell's palsy should be reassured that they have not experienced stroke a (brain attack) and that symptoms often disappear spontaneously in 3 to 5 weeks. The client is given supportive treatment for symptoms. Bell's palsy usually is not caused by a tumor, and the treatment is not similar to that for migraine headaches.
The nurse is evaluating the respiratory outcomes for a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The nurse determines that which are acceptable outcomes for the client? Select all that apply. 1. Spontaneous breathing 2. Oxygen saturation of 98% 3. Adventitious breath sounds 4. Normal arterial blood gas levels 5. Vital capacity within normal range
1. Spontaneous breathing 2. Oxygen saturation of 98% 4. Normal arterial blood gas levels 5. Vital capacity within normal range Satisfactory respiratory outcomes for a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome include clear breath sounds on auscultation, spontaneous breathing, normal vital capacity, normal arterial blood gas levels, and normal pulse oximetry. Adventitious breath sounds are an abnormal finding.
The nurse is providing discharge education to a client diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. Which medication will likely be prescribed upon discharge for this condition? 1. Lorazepam 2. Gabapentin 3. Carisoprodol 4. Chlordiazepoxide
Gabapentin Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by spasms of pain that start suddenly and last from seconds to minutes. The pain often is described as either stabbing or similar to an electric shock. It is accompanied by spasms of the facial muscles that cause twitching of parts of the face or mouth, or closure of the eye. It is treated by giving antiseizure medications, such as gabapentin, and sometimes tricyclic antidepressants. These medications work by stabilizing the neuronal membrane and blocking the nerve.
The home care nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of Bell's palsy. Which assessment question will elicit specific information regarding this client's disorder? 1. "Do your eyes feel dry?" 2. "Do you have any spasms in your throat?" 3. "Are you having any difficulty chewing food?" 4. "Do you have any tingling sensations around your mouth?"
"Are you having any difficulty chewing food?" Bell's palsy is a one-sided facial paralysis caused by compression of the facial nerve. Manifestations include facial droop from paralysis of the facial muscles; increased lacrimation; painful sensations in the eye, face, or behind the ear; and speech or chewing difficulties.
The nurse has instructed a client with myasthenia gravis about strategies for self-management at home. The nurse determines a need for further teaching if the client makes which statement? 1. "Here's the MedicAlert bracelet I obtained." 2. "I should take my medications an hour before mealtime." 3. "Going to the beach will be a nice, relaxing form of activity." 4. "I've made arrangements to get a portable resuscitation bag and home suction equipment."
"Going to the beach will be a nice, relaxing form of activity." Most ongoing treatment for myasthenia gravis is done in outpatient settings, and the client must be aware of the lifestyle changes needed to maintain independence. The client should carry medical identification about the presence of the condition. Taking medications an hour before mealtime gives greater muscle strength for chewing and is indicated. The client should have portable suction equipment and a portable resuscitation bag available in case of respiratory distress. The client should avoid situations and other factors, including stress, infection, heat, surgery, and alcohol, that could worsen the symptoms.
The nurse has provided instructions to a client with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis about home care measures. Which client statement indicates the need for further teaching? 1. "I will rest each afternoon after my walk." 2. "I should cough and deep breathe many times during the day." 3. "I can change the time of my medication on the mornings when I feel strong." 4. "If I get abdominal cramps and diarrhea, I should call my health care provider."
"I can change the time of my medication on the mornings when I feel strong." The client with myasthenia gravis and the family should be taught information about the disease and its treatment. They should be aware of the side and adverse effects of anticholinesterase medications and corticosteroids and should be taught that timing of anticholinesterase medication is critical. It is important to instruct the client to administer the medication on time to maintain a chemical balance at the neuromuscular junction. If it is not given on time, the client may become too weak to even swallow. Resting after a walk, coughing and deep-breathing many times during the day, and calling the health care provider when experiencing abdominal cramps and diarrhea indicate a correct understanding of home care instructions to maintain health with this neurological degenerative disease.
The nurse has given the client with Bell's palsy instructions on preserving muscle tone in the face and preventing denervation. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client makes which statements? 1. "I will perform facial exercises." 2. "I will expose my face to cold to decrease the pain." 3. "I will massage my face with a gentle upward motion." 4. "I will wrinkle my forehead, blow out my cheeks, and whistle frequently."
"I will expose my face to cold to decrease the pain." Exposure to cold or drafts is avoided in Bell's palsy because it can cause discomfort. Prevention of muscle atrophy with Bell's palsy is accomplished with facial massage, facial exercises, and electrical nerve stimulation. Local application of heat to the face may improve blood flow and provide comfort.
The nurse has given suggestions to a client with trigeminal neuralgia about strategies to minimize episodes of pain. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client makes which statement? 1. "I will wash my face with cotton pads." 2. "I'll have to start chewing on my unaffected side." 3. "I should rinse my mouth if toothbrushing is painful." 4. "I'll try to eat my food either very warm or very cold."
"I'll try to eat my food either very warm or very cold." Facial pain can be minimized by using cotton pads to wash the face and using room temperature water. The client should chew on the unaffected side of the mouth, eat a soft diet, and take in foods and beverages at room temperature. If brushing the teeth triggers pain, an oral rinse after meals may be helpful instead.
The home care nurse is preparing to visit a client with a diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). When performing the assessment, the nurse should plan to ask the client which question to elicit the most specific information regarding this disorder? 1. "Do you have any visual problems?" 2. "Are you having any problems hearing?" 3. "Do you have any tingling in the face region?" 4. "Is the pain experienced a stabbing type of pain?"
"Is the pain experienced a stabbing type of pain?" Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by spasms of pain that start suddenly and last for seconds to minutes. The pain often is characterized as stabbing or as similar to an electric shock. It is accompanied by spasms of facial muscles that cause twitching of parts of the face or mouth, or closure of the eye. The remaining options do not elicit data specifically related to this disorder.
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. The client asks the nurse, "Why do I have so much pain?" Which is the appropriate response by the nurse? 1. "It's a local reaction to nasal stuffiness." 2. "It's due to a hypoglycemic effect on the cranial nerve." 3. "Release of catecholamines with infection or stress leads to the pain." 4. "Pain is due to stimulation of the affected nerve by pressure and temperature.
"Pain is due to stimulation of the affected nerve by pressure and temperature." The paroxysms of pain that accompany this neuralgia are triggered by stimulation of the terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve. Symptoms can be triggered by pressure from washing the face, brushing the teeth, shaving, eating, or drinking. Symptoms also can be triggered by thermal stimuli, such as a draft of cold air. The remaining options are incorrect.
he home health nurse is visiting a client with myasthenia gravis and is discussing methods to minimize the risk of aspiration during meals related to decreased muscle strength. Which suggestions should the nurse give to the client? Select all that apply. 1. Chew food thoroughly. 2. Cut food into very small pieces. 3. Sit straight up in the chair while eating. 4. Lift the head while swallowing liquids. 5. Swallow when the chin is tipped slightly downward to the chest.
1. Chew food thoroughly. 2. Cut food into very small pieces. 3. Sit straight up in the chair while eating. 5. Swallow when the chin is tipped slightly downward to the chest. The client avoids swallowing any type of food or drink with the head lifted upward, which could actually cause aspiration by opening the glottis. The client should be advised to sit upright while eating, not to talk with food in the mouth (talking requires opening the glottis), cut food into very small pieces, chew thoroughly, and tip the chin downward to swallow.
The nurse has determined that a client with a neurological disorder also has difficulty breathing. Which activities would be appropriate components of the care plan for this client? Select all that apply. 1. Keep suction equipment at the bedside. 2. Elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees. 3. Keep the client lying in a supine position. 4. Keep the head and neck in good alignment. 5. Administer prescribed respiratory treatments as needed.
1. Keep suction equipment at the bedside. 2. Elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees. 4. Keep the head and neck in good alignment. 5. Administer prescribed respiratory treatments as needed. The nurse maintains a patent airway for the client with difficulty breathing by keeping the head and neck in good alignment and elevating the head of the bed 30 degrees unless contraindicated. Suction equipment is kept at the bedside if secretions need to be cleared. The client should be kept in a side-lying position whenever possible to minimize the risk of aspiration.
A client with myasthenia gravis is having difficulty with airway clearance and difficulty with maintaining an effective breathing pattern. The nurse should keep which most important items available at the client's bedside? 1. Oxygen and metered-dose inhaler 2. Ambu bag and suction equipment 3. Pulse oximeter and cardiac monitor 4. Incentive spirometer and cough pillow
Ambu bag and suction equipment The client with myasthenia gravis may experience episodes of respiratory distress if excessively fatigued or with development of myasthenic or cholinergic crisis. For this reason, an Ambu bag, intubation tray, and suction equipment should be available at the bedside.
The nurse is providing instructions to the client with trigeminal neuralgia regarding measures to take to prevent the episodes of pain. Which should the nurse instruct the client to do? 1. Prevent stressful situations. 2. Avoid activities that may cause fatigue. 3. Avoid contact with people with an infection. 4. Avoid activities that may cause pressure near the face.
Avoid activities that may cause pressure near the face. The pain that accompanies trigeminal neuralgia is triggered by stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. Symptoms can be triggered by pressure such as from washing the face, brushing the teeth, shaving, eating, or drinking. Symptoms also can be triggered by stimulation by a draft or cold air. The remaining options are not associated with triggering episodes of pain.
The nurse reviews the health care provider's (HCP's) prescriptions for a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which prescription written by the HCP should the nurse question? 1. Clear liquid diet 2. Bilateral calf measure 3. Monitor vital signs frequently 4. Passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises
Clear liquid diet Clients with Guillain-Barré syndrome have dysphagia. Clients with dysphagia are more likely to aspirate clear liquids than thick or semisolid foods. Passive ROM exercises can help prevent contractures, and assessing calf measurements can help detect deep vein thrombosis, for which these clients are at risk. Because clients with Guillain-Barré syndrome are at risk for hypotension or hypertension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression, frequent monitoring of vital signs is required.
The nurse is preparing for the admission of a client with a suspected diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. When the client arrives at the nursing unit, the nurse reviews the health care provider's documentation. The nurse expects to note documentation of which hallmark clinical manifestation of this syndrome? 1. Multifocal seizures 2. Altered level of consciousness 3. Abrupt onset of a fever and headache 4. Development of progressive muscle weakness
Development of progressive muscle weakness A hallmark clinical manifestation of Guillain-Barré syndrome is progressive muscle weakness that develops rapidly. Seizures are not normally associated with this disorder. The client does not have symptoms such as a fever or headache. Cerebral function, level of consciousness, and pupillary responses are normal.
A client is diagnosed with Bell's palsy. The nurse assessing the client expects to note which symptom? 1. A symmetrical smile 2. Difficulty closing the eyelid on the affected side 3. Narrowing of the palpebral fissure on the affected side 4. Paroxysms of excruciating pain in the lips and cheek on the affected side
Difficulty closing the eyelid on the affected side The facial drooping associated with Bell's palsy makes it difficult for the client to close the eyelid on the affected side. A widening of the palpebral fissure (the opening between the eyelids) and an asymmetrical smile are seen with Bell's palsy. Paroxysms of excruciating pain are characteristic of trigeminal neuralgia.
The nurse is admitting a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome to the nursing unit. The client has ascending paralysis to the level of the waist. Knowing the complications of the disorder, the nurse should bring which most essential items into the client's room? 1. Nebulizer and pulse oximeter 2. Blood pressure cuff and flashlight 3. Flashlight and incentive spirometer 4. Electrocardiographic monitoring electrodes and intubation tray
Electrocardiographic monitoring electrodes and intubation tray The client with Guillain-Barré syndrome is at risk for respiratory failure because of ascending paralysis. An intubation tray should be available for use. Another complication of this syndrome is cardiac dysrhythmias, which necessitates the use of electrocardiographic monitoring. Because the client is immobilized, the nurse should assess for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism routinely. Although items in the incorrect options may be used in care, they are not the most essential items from the options provided.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of Bell's palsy. The nurse should expect to observe which finding in the client? 1. Facial drooping 2. Periorbital edema 3. Ptosis of the eyelid 4. Twitching on the affected side of the face
Facial drooping Bell's palsy is a one-sided facial paralysis caused by the compression of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Assessment findings include facial droop from paralysis of the facial muscles; increased lacrimation; painful sensations in the eye, face, or behind the ear; and speech or chewing difficulty. The remaining options are not associated findings in Bell's palsy.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome. The nurse determines that which finding would be of most concern? 1. Difficulty articulating words 2. Lung vital capacity of 10 mL/kg 3. Paralysis progressing from the toes to the waist 4. A blood pressure (BP) decrease from 110/78 mm Hg to 102/70 mm Hg
Lung vital capacity of 10 mL/kg Respiratory compromise is a major concern in clients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Clients often are intubated and mechanically ventilated when the vital capacity is less than 15 mL/kg. Difficulty articulating words and paralysis progressing from the toes to the waist are expected, depending on the degree of paralysis that occurs. Although orthostatic hypotension is a problem with these clients, the BP drop in option 4 is less than 10 mm Hg and is not significant.
A thymectomy accomplished via a median sternotomy approach is performed in a client with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. The nurse creates a postoperative plan of care for the client that should include which intervention? 1. Monitor the chest tube drainage. 2. Restrict visitors for 24 hours postoperatively. 3. Maintain intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer's solution. 4. Avoid administering pain medication to prevent respiratory depression.
Monitor the chest tube drainage. The thymus has played a role in the development of myasthenia gravis. A thymectomy is the surgical removal of the thymus gland and may be used for management of clients with myasthenia gravis to improve weakness. The procedure is performed through a median sternotomy or a transcervical approach. Postoperatively the client will have a chest tube in the mediastinum. Lactated intravenous solutions usually are avoided because they can increase weakness. Pain medication is administered as needed, but the client is monitored closely for respiratory depression. There is no reason to restrict visitors.
A client with a history of myasthenia gravis presents at a clinic with bilateral ptosis and is drooling, and myasthenic crisis is suspected. The nurse assesses the client for which precipitating factor? 1. Getting too little exercise 2. Taking excess medication 3. Omitting doses of medication 4. Increasing intake of fatty foods
Omitting doses of medication Myasthenic crisis often is caused by undermedication and responds to the administration of cholinergic medications. Cholinergic crisis (the opposite problem) is caused by excess medication and responds to withholding of medications. Too little exercise and excessive fatty food intake are incorrect. Overexertion and overeating possibly could trigger myasthenic crisis.
The nurse is preparing to care for a client after a lumbar puncture. The nurse should plan to place the client in which best position following the procedure? 1. Prone in semi Fowler's position 2. Supine in semi Fowler's position 3. Prone with a small pillow under the abdomen 4. Lateral with the head slightly lower than the rest of the body
Prone with a small pillow under the abdomen After the procedure, the client assumes a flat position. If the client is able, a prone position with a pillow under the abdomen is the best position. This position helps reduce cerebrospinal fluid leakage and decreases the likelihood of post-lumbar puncture headache. The remaining options are incorrect.
The student nurse develops a plan of care for a client after a lumbar puncture. The nursing instructor corrects the student if the student documents which incorrect intervention in the plan? 1. Maintain the client in a flat position. 2. Restrict fluid intake for a period of 2 hours. 3. Assess the client's ability to void and move the extremities. 4. Inspect the puncture site for swelling, redness, and drainage.
Restrict fluid intake for a period of 2 hours. After the lumbar puncture the client remains flat in bed for at least 2 hours, depending on the health care provider's prescriptions. A liberal fluid intake is encouraged to replace the cerebrospinal fluid removed during the procedure, unless contraindicated by the client's condition. The nurse checks the puncture site for redness and drainage and assesses the client's ability to void and move the extremities.
A client with Guillain-Barré syndrome has ascending paralysis and is intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation. Which strategy should the nurse incorporate in the plan of care to help the client cope with this illness? 1. Giving client full control over care decisions and restricting visitors 2. Providing positive feedback and encouraging active range of motion 3. Providing information, giving positive feedback, and encouraging relaxation 4. Providing intravenously administered sedatives, reducing distractions, and limiting visitors
Providing information, giving positive feedback, and encouraging relaxation The client with Guillain-Barré syndrome experiences fear and anxiety from the ascending paralysis and sudden onset of the disorder. The nurse can alleviate these fears by providing accurate information about the client's condition, giving expert care and positive feedback to the client, and encouraging relaxation and distraction. The family can become involved with selected care activities and provide diversion for the client as well.
The client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which past medical history finding makes the client most at risk for this disease? 1. Meningitis or encephalitis during the last 5 years 2. Seizures or trauma to the brain within the last year 3. Back injury or trauma to the spinal cord during the last 2 years 4. Respiratory or gastrointestinal infection during the previous month
Respiratory or gastrointestinal infection during the previous month Guillain-Barré syndrome is a clinical syndrome of unknown origin that involves cranial and peripheral nerves. Many clients report a history of respiratory or gastrointestinal infection in the 1 to 4 weeks before the onset of neurological deficits. On occasion, the syndrome can be triggered by vaccination or surgery.
The nurse is teaching a client with myasthenia gravis about the prevention of myasthenic and cholinergic crises. Which client activity suggests that teaching is most effective? 1. Taking medications as scheduled 2. Eating large, well-balanced meals 3. Doing muscle-strengthening exercises 4. Doing all chores early in the day while less fatigued
Taking medications as scheduled Clients with myasthenia gravis are taught to space out activities over the day to conserve energy and restore muscle strength. Taking medications correctly to maintain blood levels that are not too low or too high is important. Muscle-strengthening exercises are not helpful and can fatigue the client. Overeating is a cause of exacerbation of symptoms, as is exposure to heat, crowds, erratic sleep habits, and emotional stress.
The nurse is caring for a client with trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). The client asks for a snack and something to drink. The nurse should offer which best snack to the client? 1. Cocoa with honey and toast 2. Hot herbal tea with graham crackers 3. Iced coffee and peanut butter and crackers 4. Vanilla wafers and room-temperature water
Vanilla wafers and room-temperature water Because mild tactile stimulation of the face can trigger pain in trigeminal neuralgia, the client needs to eat or drink lukewarm, nutritious foods that are soft and easy to chew. Extremes of temperature will cause trigeminal nerve pain. Therefore, the options that include cocoa, hot herbal tea, and iced coffee are incorrect.
