SBUS 250

games

- Specialized form of play with more structure - Mental or physical form (inactive or active) - Informal or formal rules - Competition (optional) - Outcome can be determined by luck, strategy, skill

work

- Work is the physical or mental effort needed to perform a task. - It is often connected to earning a living - Professional athletes work when they are paid to play sport. - High-performance athletes may experience sport as work even if they are not paid

1st wave: 1900-1945

-International recognition -Historical influences: Nationalism, Imperialism, World Wars -Significant athletes: Joe Lewis, Jesse Owens

sports

-Physical activity and skill -Competition—outcome important and not predetermined -Institutionalization -Specialized facilities and equipment

4th wave: 2011-now

-Social media, seeking for power and using power -Significant athletes: Colin Kaepernick, LeBron James

no significant wave 1980-2010

- End of Cold War, Capitalism, "Post Racial America" - Significant athletes: Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley

3rd wave: 1960s-1970s

- Historical influences: Civil rights movement, Black Power - Muhammad Ali, Bill Russell, Kareem Abdul Jabber, Tommie Smith, John Carlos

2nd wave: 1946-1960s

- Historical influences: Decolonization - Access to American mainstream - Significant athletes: Jackie Robinson - Institutions became less segregated

play

- Physical activity of childhood - Free activity to explore environment, express oneself, dream, and pretend - No firm rules or set location - Outcome unimportant - Pleasure as the only objective

The 2019 World Cup Final was the ___ most watched TV program in the USA

100

Title 9 started in

1972

USWNT

26th most watched event, highest watched soccer game,

Jackie Robinson is one of the most significant athletes in the ______ wave of black athlete's activism, as through this wave focused on acquiring political access and positional diversity.

2nd

FCS offers ___ scholarships for football players

63

FBS offers ___ scholarships for football players

85

criminal violence

Actions that not only violate the rules of the game, but are outside the law.

framing

Active process of selection of topics by the media, effect on the understanding by the consumers perceived reality, deals with interpretation, deals with the issues

functionalist theory

Change is gradual - Sports reinforces societies value system - sports maintains societal status quo by building character value

qualitative research

Collects information through interviews or observation of individuals, groups, societal characteristics, and trends

quantifiable research

Collects or studies data that can be counted and analyzed statistically

Accommodation of Interest test

Does the school accommodate the interest of female student athletes?

Continued improvement test

Does the school show a history of progress?

figurational theory

Emphasizes people's connections and interdependence - Examines historical changes of networks of people over time - Weaknesses: Reduces the urgency for change

gratification theory

Focus on the media user, motives, media consumption, groups and individuals, why users choose certain media platforms

interactionist theory

Focuses on social interactions and relationships (bottom-up approach). - Assumes choices are deliberate, conscious, and based on their effect on self and others. -focuses on the individual instead of

Most NCAA schools with big football programs are part of ________.

Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)

According to Woods (2016), Hispanic or Latino athletes are over-represented (their percentage in the sport is higher than their percentage in the population) in ______________.

MLB

According to Woods (2016), African-American athletes are under-represented (their percentage in the sport is lower than their percentage in the population) in ______________.

MLS

Larry Nassar sexually abused athletes while treating athletes as part of which of the following organizations?

Michigan State University, USA Gymnastics, and the US Olympic Committee (all three organizations).

Who were the leading athletes of the third wave of athletes' activism?

Muhammad and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

Title XI

No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

social identity

People group to make sense of the social world, similar categories within the group

survey research

Pros: quickly collects much data for trend analysis, random sampling permits generalization to larger population Cons: relies on self-reports, may not account for personal differences, may mislead if data are not discreet enough.

A researcher analyzing our individual and collective behaviors as Ducks fans, will be using ________.

Self-categorization and social identity theories

long term implications of title 9

Social change, health, professional women's leagues, developing successful athletes

feminist theory

Society is patriarchal and ignores or undervalues female virtues. - Analyzes the status of women in sport.

critical theory

Studies the power or authority that a group wields over others (hegemony) -Sport does not simply mirror society but can change beliefs and relationships - Weaknesses: can be confusing

Which of the following is true about men's sports in the Division I FBS colleges in the NCAA?

The only college sports that generate net profits are college football and college basketball

violence

The use of excessive physical force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction

One of the most recognized protests took place during the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, Mexico, when _____________ raised their fists on the podium protesting racial injustice in America.

Tommie Smith and John Carlos

aggresion

Verbal or physical actions grounded in an intent to dominate, control or do harm to another person

The governing body that is responsible for the detection and prevention of doping in sports is ________.

WADA

intimidation

Words, gestures, and actions that threaten violence or aggression

underconformity

a rejection of norms or ignorance about their existence, can lead to anarchy.

Quasi-criminal violence

actions that violate the formal rules of the game, public laws, and even informal norms among players

According to the _________________ theory, the media have power in their ability to shape the discussion of public events.

agenda setting

According to the ______ "the media do not tell people what to think, they tell people what to think about".

agenda setting theory

In the NCAA, Division I - FBS, which of the following women sports generates net profits (revenues are higher than expenses)?

all women's sports are losing money in college sports

________ is exhibited by people who starve themselves in order to achieve what they perceive as an ideal body weight.

anorexia

societal analysis

applies social theories

Substantial Proportionality test

are participant numbers proportional to the number of the student-body enrollment?

According to Woods (2016), many _____________ athletes come to the United States already highly educated and established in the middle or upper class.

asian americans

Interviews

asking individuals or small groups, very in depth but time consuming

FBS

athletic departments that have large investments in football

content analysis

collecting info or pics from media and assigning themes

Ex: not paying college football players.

conflict theory

EX: coaches may think athletes must play certain positions based on their race.

critical theory

Anabolic steroids and stimulants are types of ________.

doping

conflict theory

economic interest shape the world and sport -Focuses on forces that produce instability, disruption, and disorganization. Weakness: relies heavily on economics

1979

espn

historical analysis

examining primary documents, interviewing primary sources and experts, and analyzing historians' interpretations Pros: Examines sport trends over time; can make comparisons with society at large Con: Addresses only large societal trends

T or F: According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development people in the highest stage of moral reasoning see the law and order as the most important social conventions.

false

T or F: According to Woods (2016), play and games differ, but every sport is also considered work.

false

T or F: Aggression is an emotion

false

T or F: All forms of violence in sports are against the rules and illegal.

false

T or F: Most DIII schools are big public universities.

false

T or F: The final stage of a marketing process is a SWOT analysis.

false

T or F: The social class and socio-economic status does not have an impact on sports participation and choices of sports.

false

EX: media focus on male sport can teach society to undervalue female sport.

feminist theory

If you wanted to write a paper based on research indicating that males receive 90 percent of the sport media's attention, which theory would make the most sense for you to use?

feminist theory

Example: Analyzes how athletes of different ages view sport involvement

figurational theory

what are the two sports that generate money in college

football, basketball

Black athletes feeling that historically they have been portrayed by the media as physically talented while their white teammates are portrayed as smart and strategic. ___ theory

framing theory explained

EX: little league baseball teaches teamwork and fair play.

functionalist theory

Which theory would agree that sport reinforces society's value system?

functionalist theory

conventional 9-20

good girl/boy, law and order

cultivation theory

impact of a repeating message on the consumers reality perception and beliefs

agenda setting deals with what is ____ while framing deals with the ______

important, issues

EX: consider needs of youth athletes in defining youth sport structure.

interactionist theory

1990

internet, always available

_______ was a Native American athlete and one of the most important athletes in the first part of the 20th century, winning Olympic gold medals, playing baseball and being the first president of the league that will become the NFL.

jim thorpe

best athlete of the 20th century

jim thorpe

NCAA D3

most members, mostly private universities, no scholarships

Lacrosse is a sport that was created by

native americans

sports in 19th century

newspapers, print press, sports coverage

ethnography

notes obtained by personal observation and immersion in an environment or group, provides an insider view, but can be costly and time intensive

NCAA D1

offers most scholarships

weakness of functionalist theory

overemphasizes positive consequences of sport and downplays disenfranchised populations

sports marketing process

planning: mission and vision, swot analysis implementation: STP, marketing mix evaluation: tracking, evaluating, and modifying

According to Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development of youth athletes differentiating between right and wrong based on punishment or reward are in the ____________.

preconventional level

Which of the following components is not a required characteristic of sport?

professionalization

preconventional 0-9

punishment and obedience, pleasure or pain

in 2006 NCAA issued a policy against

racial mascots

1920's

radio, live coverage

Self-categorization theory

see themselves as an individual and part of a group, being apart of group is important, shared belifes

postconventional 20+

social contract, principled conscience

21st century

social media and streaming, direct interactions

billie jean king

tennis player

agenda setting

the media does not tell people what to think, but what to think about. lippman's public opinion 1922- mass media connected events to images in peoples minds. The media tells you what to think about; what is important at this time.

The 1920s and the 1930s were the golden age of ______.

the radio

T or F: A social class is a defined category of people who share a similar position in society based on their socioeconomic level.

true

T or F: Every female sports team loses money

true

T or F: Girls participation in high school sports has grown from 294,105 in 1971 to 3,172,637 in 2009.

true

T or F: If you wished to analyze a situation based on economic power imbalances, you could use a conflict perspective.

true

T or F: The NFL divides most of its revenues evenly through all the teams in the league.

true

T or F: The first to file an official complaint to the police against Larry Nassar was Rachel Denhollander, a former amateur gymnast from Kentucky and a lawyer.

true

T or F: female participation in college sports has grown from 30,000 in 1977 to more than 180,000 in 2010.

true

T or F: higher number of women than men won for America in Rio/ London olympics

true

T or F: Girls and women comprise nearly 40% of interscholastic and intercollegiate sport participation

ture

1950's

tv coverage, visual coverage, tv rights

overconformity

uncritical acceptance of norms and a failure to recognize any limits following the norms, can lead to fascism.

NCAA DII

very few scholarships

Teaching children sound fundamentals and basic strategy is part of the requirements of a good coach in ______.

youth sport