scarlett Ch. 38
A nurse is managing the care of a client with osteoarthritis. What is the appropriate treatment strategy the nurse will teach the about for osteoarthritis?
administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Explanation: NSAIDs are routinely used for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. NSAIDs reduce inflammation, which causes pain. Opioids aren't used for pain control in osteoarthritis. Intra-articular injection of corticosteroids is used cautiously for an immediate, short-term effect when a joint is acutely inflamed. Normal joint range of motion and exercise (not vigorous physical therapy) are encouraged to maintain mobility and reduce joint stiffness.
A nurse is teaching a client about rheumatoid arthritis. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the disease process?
"It will get better and worse again." Explanation: The client demonstrates understanding of rheumatoid arthritis if he expresses that it's an unpredictable disease characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. There's no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, but symptoms can be managed. Surgery may be indicated in some cases.
A client asks the nurse what the difference is between osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which response is correct?
"OA is a noninflammatory joint disease. RA is characterized by inflamed, swollen joints." Explanation: OA is a degenerative arthritis, characterized by the loss of cartilage on the articular surfaces of weight-bearing joints with spur development. RA is characterized by inflammation of synovial membranes and surrounding structures. OA may occur in one hip or knee and not the other, whereas RA commonly affects the same joints bilaterally. RA is more common in women; OA affects both sexes equally.
Which assessment suggests to the nurse that a client with systemic lupus erythematous is having renal involvement?
Hypertension Explanation: Hypertension is suggestive of renal damage in the client with systemic lupus erythematous.
A nurse is performing the health history and physical assessment of a client who has a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). What assessment finding is most consistent with the clinical presentation of RA?
Joint stiffness, especially in the morning Explanation: In addition to joint pain and swelling, another classic sign of RA is joint stiffness, especially in the morning. Joints are typically swollen, not atrophied, and systemic infection does not accompany the disease. Joints are often warm rather than cool.
The nurse is discussing life management with the client with rheumatoid arthritis in a health clinic. What assessment finding indicates the client is having difficulty implementing self-care?
increased fatigue Explanation: Fatigue is common with rheumatoid arthritis. Finding a balance between activity and rest is an essential part of the therapeutic regimen. The client is reporting being able to do ADLs and decreased joint pain. The client's weight gain of 2 pounds does not correlate with self-care problems.
The nurse is performing a health history with a new client in the clinic. What is the most common reason for a client to seek medical attention for arthritis?
pain Explanation: The symptom that most commonly causes a person to seek medical attention is pain. Other common symptoms include joint swelling, limited movement, stiffness, weakness, and fatigue.
A client suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is being scheduled for testing. The client asks which of the tests ordered will determine positivity for the disorder. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate?
"The diagnosis won't be based on the findings of a single test but by combining all data found." Explanation: There is no single test available to diagnose SLE. Therefore, the nurse should inform the client that diagnosis is based on combining the findings from the physical assessment and the laboratory tests results. Advising the client to speak with the health care provider, stating that SLE is a serious systemic disorder, and asking the client to express feelings about the potential diagnosis do not answer the client's question.
A client with early stage rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse what to do to help ease the symptoms of the disease. What would be the best response by the nurse?
"The health care provider could prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs." Explanation: Drug therapy using antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive agents is the mainstay for alleviating symptoms. Antipyretic and antihypertensive drugs are not prescribed for autoimmune diseases. An antineoplastic drug is not ordered for an autoimmune disorder until it is in its' late stages and uncontrolled by the first line drugs.
A client with rheumatoid arthritis informs the nurse that since he has been in remission and not having any symptoms, he doesn't need to take his medication any longer. What is the best response by the nurse?
"It is important that you continue to take your medication to avoid an acute exacerbation." Explanation: Even with remission, most people must continue taking prescribed medications to avoid another acute exacerbation. The client should be encouraged to maintain the therapeutic regimen in order to avoid an exacerbation and prolong the period of remission as long as possible. If the client is considering the discontinuation of the medication, he should notify the physician prior. The nurse is not at liberty to allow the client to discontinue medication use. Informing the client he will become ill if he discontinues the medication does not inform them of the rationale.
A client with an exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been hospitalized on the medical unit. The nurse observes that the client expresses anger and irritation when her call bell isn't answered immediately. What would be the most appropriate response?
"You seem like you're feeling angry. Is that something that we could talk about?" Explanation: The changes and the unpredictable course of SLE necessitate expert assessment skills and nursing care, as well as sensitivity to the psychological reactions of the client. Offering to listen to the client express anger can help the nurse and the client understand its cause and begin to deal with it. Although stress can exacerbate the symptoms of SLE, telling the client to calm down doesn't acknowledge her feelings. Ignoring the client's feelings suggests that the nurse has no interest in what the client has said. Offering to get the nursing supervisor also does not acknowledge the client's feelings.
The nurse is teaching a client about rheumatic disease. What statement best helps to explain autoimmunity?
"Your symptoms are a result of your body attacking itself." Explanation: In autoimmunity, the body mistakes its own tissue for foreign tissue and begins to attack it. Symptoms develop as the body destroys tissue. The body is in effect attacking itself. The other statements do not explain autoimmunity.
A client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has the classic rash of lesions on the cheeks and bridge of the nose. What term should the nurse use to describe this characteristic pattern?
Butterfly rash Explanation: In the classic lupus rash, lesions appear on the cheeks and the bridge of the nose, creating a characteristic butterfly pattern. The rash may vary in severity from malar erythema to discoid lesions (plaque). Papular and pustular rashes aren't associated with SLE. The bull's eye rash is classic in client's with Lyme disease.
A nurse is providing care for a client who has just been diagnosed as being in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should anticipate the administration of what medication?
Methotrexate Explanation: Once the diagnosis of RA is made, treatment should begin with either a nonbiologic or biologic DMARD. Recommended treatment guidelines include beginning with the nonbiologic DMARDs (methotrexate [Rheumatrex], leflunomide [Arava], sulfasalazine [Azulfidine]), or hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) within 3 months of disease onset. Allopurinol is used to treat gout. Opioids are not indicated in early RA. Prednisone is used in unremitting RA.