Science ch.8 cell reproduction

what is mitosis and how does it differ in plant and animals?

-animal cells- the cytoplasm divides as the cell membrane pinches in the middle of the cell plant cell-the apperance of the cell plate indicates that the cytoplasm is being divided. Mitosis- a process in which a cell nucleus divides into two nuclei, each of which as the same genetic information.

what are the four kinds of nitrogen bases?

Guanine,cytosine,adenine,thymine

What is a zygote and how is it formed?

A zygote is a cell that forms. it forms through fertilization.

Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction?

Asexual: -Only need one parent -Time efficient -no variation -the creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent,without sperm and eggs Sexual:-needs two parents -requires more energy -Genetic variation -Offspring generally resemble their parents more closely than other individuals of the same species, but they are not identical

Give two examples of asexual reproduction in many-celled organisms?

Budding,regeneration,potatoes,celluar

Which of the following is a double helix molecules with pairs of nitrogen bases?

DNA

During a cells life cycle, when do chromosomes duplicate

Interphase

How are the codes forproteins carried from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Messenger RNA carries the codes from the nucleus to the ribosome.

compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis: -is the process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical to the original nucleus -used to make body cells -has four phases after interphase Meiosis: -produces haploid sex -used to make sex cells -has better genetic variability -meiosis helps organisms evolve better -has eight phases after interphase

What type of nucleic acid carries the codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome?

RNA

what does meiosis produce?

Sex cells

If the sequence of bases on one side of DNA is ATCCGTC, what is the sequence on its other side?

TAGGAG

A single strand of DNA has the bases ATGTAAC.using letters, show a matching DNA strand from this pattern?

TCATTG

you begin as one cell.compare the DNA in one of your brain cells to the DNA in one of your heart cells?

The DNA is identical

How many chromosomes are in the original cell compared to those in the new cells formed by cell division?

The same amount

after a cell undergoes mitosis, how are the new cells alike?

They both have the same genetic info.

How is TRNA used when cells build protein?

Transfer(RNA)in the cytoplasm brings amino acids to the ribosomes -there are 3 nitrogen bases on the MRNA template match with 3 bases on the trna -the amino acids bond and protein synthesis begins

give two examples of sex cells and where are sex cells formed?

Two examples of sex cells is an egg and sperm. the sperm forms in male reproductive organs and the egg is formed in the female reproductive organs.

What is RNA but not in DNA?

Uracil

mitosis

is the second stage of the cell cycle during which cells replicated DNA divided and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells that are produced.

Will a mutation in a human skin cell be passed on to the persons offspring? explain

no because only mutations in the sex cells can affect the next generation, because its only genetic info. in the sex cells that only get passed on

was is it important for the nuclear membrane to distintegrate during mitosis?

otherwise, the chromosomes would not be able to move to the opposite ends of the cells.

plants grown from runners and leaf cuttings have the same traits as the parent plant.plant grown from seeds can vary from the parent plants in many ways. suggest an explanation for why this can happen.

-plants produce by asexual reproduction are the result of mitosis -mitosis duplicates the genetic material of the parent -plants grown from seeds have a combination of traits from their parents -Why this happens .because seeds are produced by sexual reproduction(more variation)

How does DNA make a copy of itself?

-two sides unwind and separate -the new DNA has 1 original strand and 1 new strand -complimentary strand is formed for each

If diploid tomato cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the tomato sex cells have?

12

How could a zygote end up with an extra chromosome?

a zygote can extra chromosomes when during meiosis, the sperm or the cell does not divide equally this make the zygite have 24 chromosomes instead of 23

When do chromatids separate during mitosis?

anaphase

what can budding,fission,and regeneration be used for?

asexual reproduction

what happened to chromosomes before mitosis begins?

the chromosmes duplicate (duplicate)

Prophase

the first stage of mitosis is where the cells chromatin condenses into chromosomes

telophase

the last stage of mitosis in which nucleoi reappear,two nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell has not yet completely divided.

Anaphase

the third stageof mitosis is where sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

Metaphase

this is the second stage of mitosis in which motor proteins pull sister chromatids to the cells equator