SCIENCE - Chapter 16

Engine

Heat -> engine -> work

Does the temperature of a material always increase as it is heated? Explain briefly.

No. When many materials are changing phase from solid to liquid and liquid to gas their temperature remains constant until the change of phase is complete.

First law of thermodynamics

the amount of energy into a system equals the amount of energy coming out

Closed system

total energy of the system doesn't change

Radiation

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Convection

transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place

Calculate the Celsius scale equivalent of 233 Kelvin.

-40 degrees Celcius

Why is absolute zero the lowest possible temperature?

Absolute zero represents the point at which a body has the lowest possible amount of thermal energy. With the lowest possible amount of thermal energy, absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature.

Specific heat

The higher specific heat an object has, the more it takes time to heat up or cool down

Name the lowest and highest temperature possible.

The lowest possible temperature is -273°C or absolute zero. No upper limit for temperature has been determined.

Conduction

Transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter

Pump

Work -> pump -> heat

A change of 100oC is equal to a change on the Kelvin scale of: a. -273 b. 100 c. 273 d. 373

b. 100

The smallest change in temperature is represented by: a. one Celsius degree b. one Fahrenheit degree c. one Kelvin d. one centigrade degree

b. one Fahrenheit degree

The physical property of matter upon which the operation of all thermometers depends is: a. crystal color b. thermal energy c. electrical resistance d. volume change

b. thermal energy

The temperature at which water molecules have the LEAST amount of thermal energy is: a. 0oC b. 32oF c. -273 K d. 0 K

d. 0 K

Kelvin temperature equivalent to 25oC is: a. -248 K b. 25 K c. 248 K d. 298 K

d. 298 K

Physical properties used to indicate temperature changes include all of the following EXCEPT: a. color changes of liquid crystals b. volume changes of fluids and solids c. changes in electrical resistance d. odor changes in solids

d. odor changes in solids

Second law of thermodynamics

heat moves from high temperature to low temperature unless work is done