science chapter 2

Which of the following statements about fission is true? A) The amount of energy released in the fission of large nuclei is very large. B) Bombarding a nucleus with neutrons always leads to fission. C) The amount of energy released in the fusion of small nuclei is very large. D) The fragments of a fusion reaction are always the same size. E) none of the above

A) The amount of energy released in the fission of large nuclei is very large.

Which of the following statements about chain reactions is true? A) The key requirement for a chain reaction is that more neutrons are produced than are absorbed. B) It is not possible to stop or control a chain reaction once it has been started. C) Three or more neutrons must be released to sustain a chain reaction. D) A chain reaction will only take place when a critical mass of material has been assembled. E) Only uranium isotopes are capable of supporting a chain reaction.

A) The key requirement for a chain reaction is that more neutrons are produced than are absorbed.

Which of the following statements best describes an element? A) a material consisting of only one type of atom B) a material that is pure C) a material with more than one type of atom D) a material that has consistent chemical properties E) a material that has consistent physical properties

A) a material consisting of only one type of atom

Rainbows are not usually seen as complete circles because A) the ground is usually in the way. B) raindrops are not perfectly round. C) they are actually elliptical. D) they have no bottom part. E) rainbows are actually arched shaped.

A) the ground is usually in the way.

The magnetic north pole of the Earth is nearest A) Australia. B) the Hudson Bay region of Canada. C) both of these

A) australia

A wire carrying a current is normally charged A) not at all B) negatively C) positively

A) not at all

Which of the following is fundamentally different from the others? A) sound waves B) radio waves C) gamma rays D) light waves E) X rays

A) sound waves

Most of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of visible light. A) True B) False

B FALSE

The electrical force between charges is strongest when the charges are A) far apart. B) close together. C) The electric force is constant everywhere.

B close together

How many vibrations per second are associated with a 101-MHz radio wave? A) more than 101,000,00 B) 101,000,000 C) less than 101,000,000

B) 101,000,000

Which of the following statements about fusion is the most accurate? A) The mass of the reactants is less than the mass of the products. B) The mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants. C) A nuclear fusion will always release energy. D) Overcoming the strong nuclear force results in the release of a large amount of energy. E) Fission releases more energy than fusion.

B) The mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants.

Why might the following nuclear reaction not be very good for energy production in a fission reactor? U → Ba + Kr + 1 neutron A) Interatomic attraction between the products will impede the efficient separation of the atoms from the unstable nuclei. B) The material only produces one neutron so the chain reaction will not be very efficient. C) There are too many products produced. D) The mass of the byproducts is too high and therefore the energy released will not be high enough. E) The products are too large.

B) The material only produces one neutron so the chain reaction will not be very efficient.

Radioactivity is a tendency for an element or a material to ________. A) emit light B) emit radiation C) emit electrons D) glow in the dark E) radiate heat

B) emit radiation

Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block the following from gamma radiation? A) suntan lotion B) lead suit C) T-shirt D) thick leather E) none of the above

B) lead suit

When a 10-V battery is connected to a resistor, 2 A of current flow in the resistor. What is the resistor's value? A) 20 ohms B) 5 ohms C) 2 ohms D) more than 20 ohms E) 10 ohms

B) 5 ohms

To say that electric charge is conserved is to say that electric charge ? A) is a whole-number multiple of the charge of one electron. B) can neither be created nor destroyed. C) will interact with neighboring electric charges. D) may occur in an infinite variety of quantities.

B) can neither be created nor destroyed.

Which pole of a compass needle points to a south pole of a magnet? A) south pole. B) north pole. C) both of these

B) north pole

Which of the following is not a transverse wave? A) light B) sound C) radio D) all of these E) none of these

B) sound

In a longitudinal wave, the compressions and rarefactions travel in A) opposite directions. B) the same direction. C) neither

B) the same direction

What does Einstein's energy equation (E = mc2) say about the energy that is derived from nuclear fission reactions? A) The energy is derived from the light that is emitted when the atom splits. B) The energy equation does not apply towards fission, only fusion. C) The energy released is due to the missing mass of the products compared to the mass of the starting materials. D) The energy is proportional to the mass of the atom undergoing fission. E) none of the above

C) The energy released is due to the missing mass of the products compared to the mass of the starting materials

Which are older, the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby? A) an elderly person because they have been around much longer B) a baby because this is surely a trick question C) They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system. D) It depends upon their diet.

C) They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.

Does it make sense to say that a textbook is about 99.9 percent empty space? A) No. A textbook could only be considered to be 99.9 percent empty space if it were combusted. B) No. A textbook is a solid and thus is quite dense. Therefore it is not 99.9 percent empty space. C) Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space. D) No. Only gases are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space. Liquids and solids are not.

C) Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space.

Electrons are made to flow in a wire when there is A) more potential energy at one end of the wire than the other. B) an imbalance of charges in the wire. C) a potential difference across its ends.

C) a potential difference across its ends.

A Doppler effect occurs when a source of sound moves A) toward you. B) away from you. C) both of these D) none of these

C) both of these

Magnetism is due to the motion of electrons as they A) spin on their axes. B) move around the nucleus. C) both of these D) none of these

C) both of these

Thrust a magnet into a coil of wire and the coil A) has a current in it. B) becomes an electromagnet. C) both of these D) neither of these

C) both of these

The source of all magnetism is A) ferromagnetic materials. B) tiny domains of aligned atoms. C) moving electric charge. D) tiny pieces of iron. E) none of these

C) moving electric charge.

An iron nail is more strongly attracted to the A) north pole of a magnet. B) south pole of a magnet. C) north or south pole—no difference really.

C) north or south pole—no difference really.

The Doppler effect is characteristic of A) light waves. B) water waves. C) sound waves. D) all of these E) none of these

D) all of these

The current in a 100-W bulb connected to a 120-V source is A) 1.2 A. B) 12,000 A. C) 0.5 A. D) none of these

D) none of these

Which of the following best explains what is happening when an atom emits light? A) An electron is jumping from a low energy state to a high energy state with the difference in energy being converted to light. B) Heat energy is converting a neutron into a proton and an electron, which is ejected into the orbit of the nucleus, releasing light energy. C) A proton is undergoing a nuclear change in the nucleus and is emitting a high energy light wave in the process. D) Heat energy is speeding up the orbit of the electrons and the resulting Doppler shift causes light to be emitted from the electrons. E) An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light.

E) An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light.

Where does the Earth receive most of its energy? A) internal combustion B) internal fusion C) internal fission D) external fission E) external fusion

E) external fusion

The source of all sounds is something that is A) accelerating. B) moving. C) undergoing simple harmonic motion. D) a net emitter of energy. E) vibrating.

E) vibrating

Atmospheric refraction makes the daylight hours a bit A) shorter. B) longer in summer but shorter in winter. C) longer.

c) longer

Which force binds atoms together to form molecules? A) centripetal B) nuclear C) electrical D) gravitational E) none of these

c. electrical