science earth core ridgeview JHS

What causes the up and down wiggles on the seismogram show below and to the right?

ground vibrations

What can the difference in travel times between P and S waves be used to determine?

how far away the epicenter is

If only density increases with increasing depth within the Earth, the velocity of a P wave should

increase

Which layer of the earth is made up of liquid iron and nickel?

outer core

What causes seismic waves to suddenly change direction while traveling through the Earth's interior?

sudden changes in density

Kingston, Jamaica (A) is located at 150 from the epicenter and Miami, Florida (B) is located 140 from it. Despite being so close together, Miami doesn't receive the same waves as Kingston. Why?

P-waves are refracted and S-waves are absorbed by the Earth's outer core.

How do rock particles move during the passage of a P-wave through rock?

back and forth parallel to the direction of wave travel

Geologists belive that the source of the earth's magnetic field is the

core

The diagrams to the lower right show cutaway views of the inferred layers of the planets Mercury and Venus.What is the reason for the development of the interior layers of these two planets?

Gravity separated the cores and mantles due to their density differences.

No P-waves or S-waves are received in the shadow zone in the diagram above because

P-waves are refracted and S-waves are absorbed by the the Earth's outer core

Using the seismic velocity profile of the earth graph to the right. Explain what happens to the P and S waves between D and E.

P-waves slow down and S-waves are absorbed by the earth's outer core.

Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves?

P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through the earth's liquid zone

Which correctly lists the difference wave arrivals from first to last?

P-waves/S-waves/L-waves

which statement best explains why only one type of seismic wave was recorded at location B on the diagram?

S-waves cannot travel through the liquid outer core

What caused the earth to form into layers?

The earth melted and denser materials sank

What determines the boundaries of Earth's internal layers?

a sudden change in density and a sudden change in chemical composition

If an S wave were to go from a solid to a liquid- what would happen to its velocity?

decrease to 0.0

A lag-time in a seismogram illustrate the relationship between the time it takes a seismic wave to travel from the earthquake epicenter to a seismometer and the

distance between the earthquake and the seismometer

The point where the earthquake happens is called the

epicenter

Compared to Earth's crust, Earth's core is belived to be

more dense, hotter, and composed of more iron

how do temperature and density of Earth change as you go from Earth's surface to Earth's center?

temperature increases and density increases

Scientists have inferred the structure of Earth's interior mainly by analyzing

the earth's seismic data