Science Midterm
physical change
Evaporation is what kind of change?
thermonuclear fusion
Fusion brought about by high temperatures is called __________?
mass number
How are isotopes identified?
smaller
How is the mass of a beta particle in comparison to an alpha particle?
Astherosphere
In which interior layer does convection occur?
same number of protons and neutrons
Isotopes of an element have....
gaseous
Particles in the _______ phase(s) are moving so rapidly that they separate from one another altogether.
1800
Protons are about ___ times massive as electrons
emit radiation
Radioactivity is a tendency for an element or a material to...
related to one another, but are not the same thing
Science and technology are...
humankind's beginnings
Science is a body of knowledge that goes back to...
all three have different domains.
Science, art and religion do not contradict one another because:
same
The atomic number of an element is the _________as its protons and neutrons
critical mass
The minimum mass of fissionable material in a reactor or nuclear bomb that will sustain a chain reaction is?
Before humans appeared on earth
The origins of radioactivity go back to...
none of the above
The phase in which atoms and molecules no longer move is the...
one
There are _________ electrons in a single covalent bond.
Molecules are so sticky
Water has such a relatively high boiling point because water?
a pattern of distinct frequencies of light
What does an atomic spectrum tell us about an element?
Imbalance of neutrons and protons
What does unstable atomic nuclei mean?
Products that start a new reaction are released.
What happens in a chain reaction?
the force of attraction between two atoms that holds them together within a compound
What is a chemical bond?
a separation of charge that occurs in a chemical bond because of differences in the electronegativites of the bonded atoms.
What is a dipole?
It is the time it takes for 1/2 of the material to undergo radiodecay.
What is a half-life?
A rem is a unit for measuring radiation exposure.
What is a rem?
any molecole that is made mostly of carbon with no metals in it
What is an organic compound?
an electron ejected from a nucleus
What is beta particle?
Period
What is each horizontal row called in a periodic table?
A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
Nuclear Fuel, Control Rods, Moderator, and liquid
A Fission reactor contains which four components?
Physical; Chemical
A ____ change imposes a new set of conditions on the same material while a _____ change forms a new material that has its own unique set of properties.
mixture;physical
A _____ is a collection of two or more pure substances. It can be separated by a _____ means.
compound
A combination of two or more substances in which they no longer retain their chemical properties is called a(n)
different
A compound is a substance that consists of atoms of ____ elements
The atoms (mass) of gasoline are converted into exhaust fumes.
A friend argues that if amss were really conserved he would never need to refill his gas tank. What explanation do you offer your friend?
to help evaporation occur in its mouth and bronchial tract.
A hot dog pants....
particles
All solids, liquids and gases are made up of?
positive
Alpha a type of radiation carries which charge?
ground state
An atom reaches the lowest energy level called the _______.
ion
An atom that has a net electric charge is called a/an ________
Conducting heat
Metals are BEST indicated by...
are strong but can be bent.
Metals are useful for the structural support of buildings because they
The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close.
Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't objects pass through one another?
Because there is a lot of space between gas particles
Why are gases so much easier to compress into smaller volumes?
The sea of electrons helps pass charges through the metal.
Why are metals able to conduct electricity?
Metals can be efficiently extracted from them.
Why are ores so valuable?
Atoms are smaller than wavelengths of visible light
Why can't atoms be seen with visible light?
The periodic table lists only elements made of one kind of material. Dirt is a mixture of elements and compounds.
Why isn't dirt listed in the periodic table?
Your first friend is correct. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha particles which, in turn, capture electrons and become helium atoms.
Your friend says that the helium used to inflate balloons is a product of radioactive decay. Another friend says "no way." With whom do you agree?
radiation
_____ is the process in which unstable atomic nuclei transform and emit radiation.
diffusion
_______ is the tendency of molecules to move from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration.
chemical
_______ properties are properties that characterize the ability of a substance to react with other substances or to transform from one substance into another.
Atoms
__________ make up all matter around us.
blue
___________ light has the most energy per photon.
The air we exhale has more mass; breathing causes you to lose weight.
When we breathe we inhale oxygen, No Image, and exhale carbon dioxide, No Image, plus water vapor, No Image. Which likely has more mass, the air that we inhale or the same volume of air we exhale?
in the explosions of ancient stars
Where did the atoms that make up a newborn baby originate?
Inside the nucleus of a neutron
Where does a beta particle originate?
Oxygen
Which of the following is necessary for burning (combustion)?
light
Which of the following would not be considered matter?
covalent bond
An electrical attraction in which atoms are held together by their mutual attraction for shared electrons is called ________.
atom
An element is a material made of one kind of ______
proton
An ion is an ____ that has lost or gained one or more electrons.
The heat from a nuclear reaction is used to boil water.
How do fission power plants work?
12 hours
If a material has a half-life of 24 hours, how long do you have to wait until the amount of radioisotope is 1/4 its original amount?
75.5%
If an alcoholic beverage has a proof of 151, what is the percentage of alcohol in the beverage?
the results are not considered valid
If experimental findings are not reproducible...
Kinetic
In Nuclear Fission the energy is released in the form of _____ energy.
Energy is released, so the products have less mass-the initial uranium has more mass
In a nuclear fission reaction, which has more mass, the initial uranium or its products?
The amount of energy released in the fusion of large nuclei is very large.
In fission....
a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge
In science, a theory is...
.01
One rad is equal to ____ J of radiant energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue.
distance from
The potential energy of an electron depends on its _____ the nucleus
speculation
The statement, "There are regions beneath Earth's crust that will always be beyond the reach of scientific investigation," is a...
Alpha, Beta, Gamma
The three types of radiation are ___ , ____ , and _____.
Atomic mass
The total mass of an atom is called_______
Subtracting its atomic number from its mass number
The total number of neutrons in an isotope can be calculated by ____________
Carbon tetrabromide
What is the name of the Compound with the formula CBr4?
Atom
What is the smallest unit of an element?
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom
What is the valence shell?
chemical change
What kind of change occurs when copper reacts with carbon dioxide and water?
gets no second chance in the scientific community.
When a scientist is dishonest and reports false information, he or she...
Ion
When an atom gains or loses an electron, it is classified as a ___________.
Alpha particles are more harmful than Gamma rays.
Which of the following is not true about an Alpha Particle.
determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing.
Which of the following would be considered applied research?
C) Gamma
Which of the three rays is most like an X-ray?
gamma
Which radiation carries no charge?
a material that is made up of a combination of atoms bonded together
Which statement best describes a compound?
Isaac Newton
Who discovered Gravity?
max planck
Who identified each discrete parcel of light energy as a quantum?