science test thingy

-The oxygen atom with atomic number 8, has 8 protons and 8 electrons. Its two electrons short of being filled.

-In the ionic bond between magnesium and oxygen, magnesium transfers its two valence electrons to the oxygen atom.

-The magnesium atom, atomic number 12, has 12 protons and 12 electrons.

-In the magnesium atom, the first two shells are full, and the third shell has two electrons. This is therefore a highly reactive atom.

How many electrons does magnesium now have? -It now has 10 electrons, or two full electron shells. Since oxygen picks up two electrons, it now has two full electron shells.

-The magnesium atom and oxygen atom now become ions.

Therefor its atomic number is two. since an atom normally has the same number of protons as electrons the atomic number also reveals how many electrons an atom contains

. Carbon one of the main building blocks of most matter has an atomic number of six. Thus a carbon atom normally has six protons six neutrons and six electrons. Oxygen has atomic number eight with eight protons eight neutrons and eight electrons.

For this reason the hydrogen Aton is rarely found by itself. Two hydrogen atoms often bond together and become a more stable hydrogen molecule. They share their electrons with gives each atom a full shell. The electrons in the outermost shell are are known as valence electrons

. When atoms share valence electrons to form a bond. This is known as a covalent bond. A very well known molecule is water, otherwise known as H2O.

These are areas where an electron I most likely to be. lets understand how this model makes it technically possible to walk through a wall. Since there is a lot of space in the electron cloud it could be possible to walk through a wall

.In this illustration the darker regions show areas of higher electron density.But this won't happen because electrons exert a strong repealing force on electrons of other atoms. It's this force of repulsion that makes it impossible to walk through a wall.

The element chlorine is a highly toxic greenish colored gas. Both of these elements are very dangerous on their own. However when these elements bond they for a harmless element known as sodium chloride or known as table salt. Why can these two atoms bond?

An atomic number of 11 in sodium indicates 11 protons and hence 11 electrons. That makes shell one and two fill with one remaining electron in the valence shell. Lets look at chlorine, an atomic number of 17 mans 18 protons and electrons. This is how they fill up the shells.

Electron shells and stable atoms. If all atoms are made up of electrons protons and neutrons how can we tell them apart?

Atoms of different elements are identified are identified by the number of protons in their nuclei. This numbers called the atoms atomic number. The element helium one of the lightest elements in the universe has only two protons in its nucleus.

Atoms are composed of much smaller particles called subatomic particles positively charged protons neutrons and negatively charged electrons. The electrical attraction between these charges keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

Atoms of different elements are identifies by the number of protons in their nuclei.An atom is most stable when it has a full outer shell of eight electrons. When atoms share valence electrons to form a bond, it is known as a covalent bond. In an ionic bond electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

The nucleus makes up almost all the What is the overall electrical charge of the nucleus.mass of an atom? protons have a positive electric charge. Neutrons have a neutral charge or no charge. Orbiting at a high speed around the nucleus are smaller and much lighter particles called electrons

Electrons have a negative electric charge. Any atom normally has the same number or positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. This carbon atom has six protons and six electrons.

An electron shell is a region surrounding the nucleus in which electrons are found. Each shell can only hold a certain amount of electrons. Try thinking of an atom as a stadium.

Everyone wants to be as close to the nucleus as possible but there are finite amount of seats. The first row or the innermost electron shell there are two seats. Once these seats are filled the electrons go to the next row with generally has eight seats.

Both elements complete their outer shells and become stable.Ionic bonds The number of valence electrons helps scientists determine how atoms and elements will interact with each other. The 2 indicates that the water molecule

H2O has two hydrogen atoms sharing electrons with one oxygen atom to form covalent bonds thus creating a water molecule. For example the element sodium is a colored metal that reacts so badly it will burst into flames if touches water.

The electrons in the outer most shell are called the valence electrons. An atom is most stable when it has a full outer shell of eight electrons. When atoms share valence electrons to form a bond, it is known as a covalent bond.

In an ionic bond electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.

Structure of the atom Atoms-walking through walls could be technically possible are you wondering how?

It all comes down to atoms For much of the history earth, air, fire, and water were thought tore the elements of matter About 2,500 years ago, Democritus, an Ancient Greek philosopher began to question that belief.

The helium atom for, example, has two protons and two electrons. The first electron shell is thus, full. This makes the helium atom very stable and non-reactive. Hence, it is often found on its own. This leaves sodium stable with two full electron shells.

Since chlorine picks up an electron, it is now stable. When atoms loose or gain electrons they form Ions. Ions are electrically charged. What is the charge on the sodium and chlorine atoms?

Since there are now 11 positively charged protons in its nucleus and only ten negatively charged electrons, the sodium ion has a positive charge.

Since there are now 17 positively charged protons in its nucleus and 18 negatively charged electrons, the chlorine ion has a negative charge.

The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other and form a bond. Such bonds are called ionic bonds.Another example of an ionic bond is the element magnesium is a mineral required by our muscles and nerves to function properly.

Some people supplement their diets with magnesium oxide in order to get enough of the mineral magnesium.Can you figure out how magnesium is formed?

Different atoms he thought could be joined to form various types of matter in the same way that bricks can be put together to build various structures . He was right! Everything is made of atoms. One hundred million atoms side by side measure the same as one centimeter.

That makes a piece of paper about 1 million atoms thick.atoms are composed of much smaller particles called subatomic particles.two of these subatomic particles with are the protons and neutrons are found in the center or the nucleus of atoms.

The number is called the atoms atomic number. the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is known as an atoms mass number. Atoms usually bond together to form molecules.

The electrons in the outer most shell are called the valence electrons. The number is called the atoms atomic number. the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is known as an atoms mass number. Atoms usually bond together to form molecules.

-As the magnesium ion now has a charge of plus two, and the oxygen ion now has a charge of minus two, they are attracted to each other.

This forms magnesium oxid

The valence shell is only one electron short of being full. Chlorine, has an atomic number of 17 means 17 protons and 17 electrons.

This is how they fill up the shells. The valence shell is only one electron short of being full. When sodium and chlorine react to make salt, the single electron in the valence shell of sodium is transferred to the chlorine atom.

An atom is considered most stable when it has a full outer shell of eight electrons. The helium atom for example has two protons and two electrons. The first electron shell is thus full.

This makes the helium atom very stable and non reactive. Hence it is often found on its own. neon an atom a gas that is commonly used to crate lighted signs. The neon atom with atomic number 10, has then protons and ten electrons.

The mass number of an element is calculated by adding up the total number of protons and neutrons.

What is oxygens mass number? :the mass number of the element oxygen is eight protons plus eight neutrons which equals 16.

Their combined charges make the atom electrically neutral. Like gravity holds the planets in orbit around the sun, The electrical attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus.

While atoms are drawn to look like the solar systems with electrons in fixed orbits, in reality electrons are held in cloud-like regions surrounding the nucleus. This is known as the electric cloud modelIn the electron cloud model electrons can be anywhere within their cloud at any time.

So, in this neon atom the first shell Is full two electrons, and and the second shell is full with eight electrons. This makes it not reactive and stable. Covalent bonds The hydrogen atom has one proton in its nucleus and one electron in its electron shell.

Why does this make the hydrogen atom unstable:there is a place for one more electron in the outermost shell. Due to this empty seat the atoms not stable.

He theorized that matter was that all matter was made up of the same tiny particles To find the smallest peace he thought he could just cut a large piece in half and over and over again that he could reach a size that wasn't cutable anymore. This is the root word atom meaning atoms in greek

meaning uncuttable. John dalton a British chemist was the first to use the term atom he thermonized that all elements were made of tiny particles called atoms.

Electrons being so much smaller than protons and neutrons hardly have any mass and they are therefor not counted as part of elements mass number. But how can these tiny atoms form all the matter around us? :

most atoms bond together to form molecules from different kinds of matter. The way an atom bonds together with another to form a molecule depends a great deal on the atomic structure of each atom. Most atoms have several shells of electrons.