SCOM 2050
What percentage of TV shows in the US are majority female? 41% 31% 1% 21% 11%
21%
Which of the following statements about violence and aggression is true? Aggression requires an intent to injure, violence does not All aggression is also violence Media research about the effects of consuming media violence is all narrowly focused on real-world violence and never real-world aggression There is no overlap between violence and aggression All violence is also aggression
All violence is also aggression
Which of the following was a piece of technology that amplified wireless signals? Phonoautograph Liquid barretter Audion tube Monotrope Sonotron
Audion tube
According to research, consuming negative characterizations of Black people in the media leads to unfavorable beliefs about Black people in what area? Values Criminality Work ethic Intelligence All of these choices are correct
All of these choices are correct
Which of the following things is a key predictor of the willingness to spread fake news? Lack of critical thinking skills Lack of conscientiousness Lack of education Lack of interest in politics Lack of education
Lack of conscientiousness
Where was the oldest dated book in existence printed? England Russia China France Germany
China
Which of the following was a device invented by the Lumiere brothers that allowed films to be projected onto a screen? Daguerreotype Kinetograph Nickelodeon Zoopraxiscope Cinematographe
Cinematographe
Which of the following is a theory that argues that meaning is negotiated by media and audiences as they interact? Social cognitive theory Grand theory Meaning-making theory Reinforcement theory Cultural theory
Cultural theory
A study determines that controversial rap songs have a limited impact on the public because potential listeners tend to turn off any songs that make them uncomfortable. Which of the following theories best explains this finding? Two-step flow theory Social cognitive theory Mediatization theory Critical cultural theory Dissonance theory
Dissonance theory
Which of the following is an example of the idea of intersectionality in research about media and race? In early radio, white singers were more likely to be popular In newspapers, virtually no South Asian people hold editorial positions On television, Black people are more likely to be depicted as violent In magazines, Asians are more likely to be depicted as female In movies, Latin people are not likely to be represented as all
In magazines, Asians are more likely to be depicted as female
What was the Great Moon Hoax about? It claimed that the moon's orbit was changing dangerously It claimed that the moon had active volcanic activity It claimed that the moon was made of cheese It claimed that there was extensive life on the moon It claimed that several primate corpses were actually invaders from the moon
It claimed that there was extensive life on the moon
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of the definition of the Internet we are using? It is linked together by a globally unique address space It is a global communication system It uses TCP/IP It provides both public and private services It is centered in the United States
It is centered in the United States
What is the term for the fact that journalism claims to provide a fair view of the world when in fact journalists usually provide a male view of the world Gender misinformation Hegemonic masculinity Symbolic annihilation Lie of authenticity Sexual normativity
Lie of authenticity
Which of the following is a term referring to the knowledge and skill necessary to think critically abou the content we consume? Mass Media Media Literacy Mass Communication Technological Determinism Mediated Communication
Media Literacy
A study determines that gender reveal parties were very rare until a small number of Instagram videos spread their popularity. In other words, social media encouraged people to change how they celebrated pregnancy. Which of the following theories best explains this finding? Social cognitive theory Mediatization theory Dissonance theory Two-step flow theory Critical cultural theory
Mediatization theory
Which of the following court cases pioneered the modern, three-tiered definition of obscenity? Chandler v. Florida Irvin v. Dowd Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson Miller v. State of California CBS v. Democratic National Committee
Miller v. State of California
Which of the following is the best summary of the invention of the Internet? It was invented in 1965 when the first computer network was built It was invented when J.C.R. Licklider started publishing academic papers about it It was invented when Leonard Kleinrock published the first packet switching paper Multiple different individuals and organizations were involved It was invented when the ARPAnet became fully functional in 1970
Multiple different individuals and organizations were involved
What have recent studies about video game consumption and violence found? The release of new violent video games correlates with sudden jumps in violent crime rates People who are playing new games are actually less likely to hurt anyone badly After the release of new violent games, heavy consumers of video games are more likely to be cruel to others Even casual consumers of violent video games are more likely to commit crimes Only heavy consumers of violent video games are more likely to commit crimes
People who are playing new games are actually less likely to hurt anyone badly
Which of the following terms involves quesstions like how many members of a group are involved in writing or directing television shows? Production Intersectionality Presence Quality Effects
Production
Which of the following is the best example of macro-level research? Researchers expose groups of people to violent media and then test the change in their attitudes using surveys Researchers analyze national data to determine if there is a correlation between media consumption and perception of violent crime rates Researchers use Facebook posts to determine if members of a community are being influenced by television arguments for and against a local ballot initiative Researchers examine a political debate between two mayoral candidates to determine how media coverage differs from expert reaction to the candidates' performance Researchers use focus groups to determine if a company's new ad campaign will be successful
Researchers analyze national data to determine if there is a correlation between media consumption and perception of violent crime rates
Which of the following is NOT one of the stereotypical norms and values characteristics of hegemonic masculinity? Heterosexuality Emotional restraint Status seeking Risk avoidance Aggression
Risk avoidance
What genre was the movie that brought narrative film-making to the US? Fantasy Science fiction Horror Drama Western
Science fiction
Which of the following refers to attractive, artful business cards that were used to promote specific tradespeople? Ad-azines Siquis Shopbills Affiliates Newsbooks
Shopbills
What's the correct term for the person who has overall creative authority and management responsibility for an entire TV show? Owner Director Producer Showrunner Distributor
Showrunner
Which of the following statements about gender representation in entertainment media is true? Since the late 2010s, it's been getting better, but only in TV Since the late 2010s, it's been getting better in most mediums Since the late 2010s, it's been getting better, but only in film Right now it's about the same as it was in the 1970s Since the late 2010s, it's been getting worse in most mediums
Since the late 2010s, it's been getting better in most mediums
Which of the following refers to a theory that suggests people learn to behave in their social world through interacction with signs and symbols? Critical cultural Social cognitive Social construction of reality Adminsitrative Attitude change
Social construction of reality
What is the term for a situation where a group of people has been eliminated from the media, both in the sense that they are not present and in the sense that their lived reality is not being accurately represented? Hegemonic masculinity Gender misinformation Symbolic annihilation Sexual normativity Lie of authenticity
Symbolic annihilation
Imagine that you decide to buy a swimsuit on Amazon. Soon, your Facebook feed is full of advertisements for swimsuits. What advertising technique best describes this development? Relationship marketing Targeting Bandwagon Awareness Association
Targeting
According to the textbook, which of the following historical events helped lead to the growth of fake news? The 1969 moon landing The 2016 presidential election The 2008 financial crisis The 2008 presidential election The collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s
The 2016 presidential election
Which media event spurred research that led to the development of the limited effects theory? The Great Moon Hoax The televised presidential debate between JFK and Richard Nixon FDR's radio address announcing the attack on Pearl Harbor Newspaper coverage of the sinking of the Titanic The War of the Worlds radio broadcast
The War of the Worlds radio broadcast
Which of the following statements is true? There has been a steady increase in the amount of violence on television since 1970 The primary reason people consume more violence now is that they consume more total media People do not consume more violence now than in 1970 While many films are violent, G-rated films hardly ever contain violence In 1970, there wasn't much violence on TV
The primary reason people consume more violence now is that they consume more total media
Who gave a speech that resulted in the popularization of the term "muckraker?" Edward Cave Theodore Roosevelt Abraham Lincoln Ida Tarbell Upston Sinclair
Theodore Roosevelt
Which of the following statements about the methodologies used in research about violent media is most accurate? Media researchers rarely use surveys, relying instead of hyper-realistic laboratory experiments Most research of violent media use rhetorical criticism as a methodology Almost all research in this area only counts actual criminal violence as a valid example of aggression Studies of large-scale populations are tightly focused on violent crime as a potential outcome of violent media consumption Very little research has actually examined severe forms of violent behavior
Very little research has actually examined severe forms of violent behavior
Which of the following is a narrow term that describes relatively extreme behavior that is intended to cause injury? Mean world Viciousness Aggression Causality Violence
Violence
In the 1800s, ________ was developed, making printing possible from photographic plates rather than metal casts. the hot print machine offset lithography movable type the linotype machine the daguerreotype
offset lithography
The common assumption that others are influenced by media messages but you are not is the otherness effect the 6th characteristic of media literacy the third-person effect a violation of the second principle of media literacy the CNN effect
the third-person effect
Roughly what percentage of journalists are women of color? 10% 20% 15% 25% 5%
10%
What percentage of the public trusts public relations? 19% 5% 12% 26% 33%
12%
Roughly when did the first printing press arrive in the American colonies? 1708 1638 1578 1608 1668
1638
One study of 1,200 top films found what percent of those movies had Asian directors? 1% 3% 5% 11% 8%
3%
Roughly what percentage of US adults read a newspaper (printed or otherwise) in an average week? 50% 40% 60% 80% 70%
60%
What percentage of female journalists have experienced online violence? 80% 90% 50% 60% 70%
70%
The National Broadcasting Corporation is an example of which of the following? A spectrum A trustee A bureau A Network An affiliate
A Network
Which ethnic group is most commonly represented on TV as a model minority? Native American people Latin people Middle Eastern people Black people Asian people
Asian people
Which of the following is a term referencing the language at the heart of the World Wide Web? Mainframe ARPAnet HTML Analytical engine TCP/IP
HTML
According to the lectures, rising concentration and conglomeration have a tendency to produce what? Monopolies Democracy Broadcasting Diversity Oligopolies
Oligopolies
In what year did the show Sesame Street premier on television? 1979 1989 1959 1949 1969
1969
What percentage of all global on-demand music play time does YouTube account for? 17% 62% 77% 32% 47%
47%
Which of the following is the best example of cultural homogenization? A very popular band makes a new album that sounds very much like their last album The music industry grows in popularity because of several new genres of music that were all created in South America During a five-year period, the 10 most popular global albums are all made in Korea The two largest global music companies merge, creating one company that controls over 40% of the market A band is signed to a big contract predominantly because they sound like other bands who are already popular
A band is signed to a big contract predominantly because they sound like other bands who are already popular
"Disintermediation" involves eliminating barriers between which two groups? Producers and artists Artists and audiences Owners and producers Audiences and producers Artists and investors
Artists and audiences
Which of the following was one of the people primarily responsible for developing what we now call the Mathematical Model of Communication? Johannes Gutenberg Art Silverblatt Marshall McLuhan Claude Shannon James W. Carey
Claude Shannon
"Greenwashing" is a kind of public relations aimed at countering efforts aimed at its clients by a specific kind of interest group. What kind of group does "greenwashing" aim to counter? Interest groups that focus on money laundering Fake interest groups that are really run by other companies in the same industry Anti-corruption activists Brand new interest groups Pro-environmentalism activists
Pro-environmentalism activists
In which of the following court cases did the Supreme Court rule that sex and obscenity are not synonymous? Time, Inc. vs. Hill Roth v. United States Schenck v. United States Valentine v. Christensen Hustler Magazine Co. v. Falwell
Roth v. United States
Which of the following forced an end to single-sponsor TV shows? Time-shifting Zipping C3 rating Spot commercial sales GTAM meter
Spot commercial sales
Which of the following statements about television advertising is true? TV advertising ranks second in "building product awareness" only to magazines TV represents 50% of all US ad spending While TV advertising is powerful in many ways, it ranks near the bottom in building consumer interest TV advertising ranks highest of all media in creating "intention to purchase" TV advertising revenue in the US is around $100 billion annually
TV advertising ranks highest of all media in creating "intention to purchase"
Which of the following is a term referring to the idea that it is machines and their development that drive economic change? Media Literacy Technological Determinism Mediated Communication Mass Communication Mass Media
Technological Determinism
Which of the following was a one-page news sheet that became popular in England in the 1600s? Publick Occurrences both Forreign and Domestick The Ram's Horn Broadsides The Acta Diurna The Corantos
The Corantos
What were the eastern and western endpoints of the Transcontinental Railroad when it was first completed? Chicago and Sacramento The Missouri River and Sacramento Boston and Los Angeles The Missouri River and Los Angeles New York and San Francisco
The Missouri River and Sacramento
Roughly when did the word "journalism" become widely used? The latter half of the 1800s The first half of the 1800s The latter half of the 1700s The latter half of the 1900s The first half of the 1900s
The latter half of the 1800s
One of the "reasons this class exists" is that we are relatively ignorant about mass media. Which of the following is the best example of that truth? More people read books digitally than on paper Students are usually taught how to read books and understand literature Very few elementary and secondary schools offer classes about media literacy The amount of time Americans spend interacting with media continues to increase Media literacy is not an important life skill
Very few elementary and secondary schools offer classes about media literacy
Increasing the amount of advertising and mixing commercial and noncommercial content is known as hypercommercialism audience fragmentation conglomeration globalization convergence
hypercommercialism
What percentage of global Internet usage takes place via mobile devices? 22% more than 60% 32% 42% 52%
more than 60%
Which of the following people was a journalist famous for exposing the disgusting conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry? John Frost Upston Sinclair Andrew Bradford Ida Tarbell David Graham Philips
Upston Sinclair
The three largest American movie chains are AMC, Regal, and Cinemark. Roughly what percentage of the country's movie screens do these three companies control? 50% 60% 70% 80% 40%
50%
On average, how many murders will an American child have seen on various media before middle school? 10000 14000 6000 8000 12000
8000
Which of the following is a good example of misinformation? Previouslty published academic research is proven wrong by subsequent science A political campaign knowingly releases false information about an opponent A reporter makes a mistake attributing a source A government employee distributes a press release A corporation publishes a tweet explaining its perspective on a product recall
A reporter makes a mistake attributing a source
Which of the following is one of the best-demonstrated effects of the media? Agenda-setting Symbolic interaction Selective exposure Cultivation analysis Selective retention
Agenda-setting
Which of the following is a broad term that describes a wide range of hostile behaviors? Viciousness Violence Mean world Aggression Causality
Aggression
The definition of journalism we're using is fairly complicated. According to the textbook, it has five components. Which of the following is NOT one of those components? It's about current or recent events It requires neutrality It's about public edification It's characterized by independence It's a pursuit of truth
It requires neutrality
Which of the following was NOT true of the first full service advertising agency to open in the US? It opened in 1869 It placed ads in various media It created ads It did advertising campaign planning It was owned by G. Ayland Gray & Sons
It was owned by G. Ayland Gray & Sons
According to researchers who studied nearly forty years of data, what is the best predictor of public fear of violent crime? Overall violent crime rates Murder rates The amount of violence in the top-grossing movies Crime rates 10 years prior The amount of crime on television
The amount of crime on television
Which of the following statements best reflects the arguments in the textbook chapter about media and race? Race is not scientifically real, so it can't have an impact on our lives We know that race isn't scientifically real, but we're not sure if it has a social impact yet Race is scientifically real, so it has enormous social impact We're fundamentally unsure as to whether race is real, and we don't know what its social impact is While race is not scientifically real, it has enormous social impact
While race is not scientifically real, it has enormous social impact
Which of the following terms describes a main area of study for the rhetorical criticism perspective on media research and theory? Argumentation Observational learning Modeling Imitation Internal tension
Argumentation
Why did so many conservative news outlets feel compelled to publish fake news stories during the 2016 presidential campaign? Because journalistic standards changed dramatically in the previous four years Because Donald Trump lied so much during his campaign Because Hillary Clinton was leading in the polls Because there was a shortage of investigative reporters, and those who were left increasingly relied on press releases Because of Russian influence
Because Donald Trump lied so much during his campaign
In the Mathematical Model of Communication, which of the following terms refers to the path a messages takes from sender to receiver? Noise Message Source Channel Destination
Channel
Which of the following historical stages of Public Relations in the US started around WWI? Early PR Propaganda-Publicity Early Two-Way Advanced Two-Way Early Three-Way
Early Two-Way
Which of the following is NOT one of the problems fake news creates for journalists? Fake news damages trust in reporting Fake news makes it easy for bad actors to accuse the press of being fake Fake news can turn journalists into targets of violence Fake news causes journalists to lose money because no one wants to pay for real news when fake news is free Fake news can infiltrate the larger press, changing what they report and how
Fake news causes journalists to lose money because no one wants to pay for real news when fake news is free
Which of the following is the best example of how the Great Depression impacted public relations? Governments and corporations used PR to regain public trust, but the public also distrusted PR The Depression forced the government to develop completely new PR strategies for WW II Governments and corporations used PR to regain public trust, and the public response was almost uniformly positive Because so many people were poor, PR became largely irrelevant to most Americans even after the Depression had ended The Depression made PR much easier because so many people were desperate to have enough money to buy things from well-known companies
Governments and corporations used PR to regain public trust, but the public also distrusted PR
If a news story gets published because of the actual impact that story might have on the lives of readers, what factor of newsworthiness is responsible? Negativity Proximity Importance Agenda Human Drama
Importance
In which of the following court cases did the Supreme Court rule that a convicted killer's sentence must be reversed because of prejudicial press coverage? Miller v. State of California Chandler v. Florida Irvin v. Dowd Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson CBS v. Democratic National Committee
Irvin v. Dowd
In the early 1960s, Paul Baran produced a plan to create a packet switched network for the US military. There were two advantages to this scheme. One was that any sort of computer could be connected to the network. What was the other advantage? It would make international connections less costly It would make rerouting easy It would use technology only available in the United States It would be encrypted It would centralize the network, making top-down control mechanisms easier to implement
It would make rerouting easy
Which of the following people is not generally recognized as the father of public relations because he always thought of himself as a publicity worker, not a PR worker? Amos Kendall Edward Bernays Teddy Roosevelt George Creel Ivy Lee
Ivy Lee
Which of the following people is best known for helping found cable television? Paul Nipkow John Walson John Logie Baird David Sarnoff Philo Farnsworth
John Walson
Which of the following was responsible for the reation of a large number of nonprofit radio stations with limited reach? Local Community Radio Act of 2010 Radio Acts of 1927 The Communications Act of 1934 Radio Act of 1912 Telecommunications Act of 1996
Local Community Radio Act of 2010
Which of the following is an example of hegemonic masculinity? Female characters in movies are rarely Latina Male characters in movies are predominantly portrayed as emotionally restrained Male characters in movies are less aggressive than in previous decades Male characters in TV shows are now sometimes portrayed as gay Female characters in TV shows are increasingly shown in positions of authority
Male characters in movies are predominantly portrayed as emotionally restrained
In which of the following court cases did the Supreme Court rule that the First Amendment also protects entertainment content? Roth v. United States Schenck v. United States Hustler Magazine Co. v. Falwell Valentine v. Christensen Time, Inc. vs. Hill
Time, Inc. vs. Hill
Which of the following statements about the First Amendment is NOT true? The government is still allowed to reasonably restrict the manner of speech The First Amendment has not effectively stopped the government from trying to restrict speech The government is still allowed to reasonably restrict the time of speech The First Amendment usually applies to both government and corporate attempts to restrict speech The word "press" in the First Amendment applies to media of all kinds
The First Amendment usually applies to both government and corporate attempts to restrict speech
On average, what percentage of an American studio movie's ticket sales happen outside the U.S.? 60% 50% 30% 40% 70%
70%
What percentage of Americans belong to at least one social networking site? 90% 56% 80% 70% 96%
80%
Which of the following is the best example of "false equivalence?" A documentary film journalist shows both police bodycam footage as well as video recorded by innocent bystanders A magazine reporter interviews a former president for a story on the actions of the current president A television reporter chooses to interview an "expert" because they are better looking rather than because they are knowledgeable A radio news host invites a member of the Flat Earth society to joins a debate about the future of the International Space Station. A newspaper reporter interviews both the Democratic and Republican candidates in an important mayoral race
A radio news host invites a member of the Flat Earth society to joins a debate about the future of the International Space Station.
Which of the following is an example of something that is mediated communication but not mass communication? An email from your boss Reading a magazine on your iPad When you find a friend in the hallway and tell them about your day A television news broadcast A message someone posts on Twitter wishing their best friend a happy birthday
An email from your boss
What does it mean to say that media literacy is required for full participation in our society? It's very hard to find the right things to buy without the mass media People who aren't media literate aren't Americans in the way originally imagined by the Founding Fathers As citizens, we need to be well-informed about current events and our own culture People who are less media literate tend to vote less than those who understand media well We need the mass media to tell us who to vote for
As citizens, we need to be well-informed about current events and our own culture
The federal government is getting ready to pass new legislation that puts limits on companies that make tires for cars. The tire companies hate this idea, so they fund the creation of groups that lobby key politicians to stop the legislation from passing. These groups are made up of people hired by the tire companies, but they pretend to be volunteers who are only motivated by their concerns about tires. Which of the following terms best describes this situation? Pseudo-event Astroturf Viral marketing Permission marketing Parity product
Astroturf
Which of the following is the best example of vertical integration? AMC owns almost 1,000 movie theaters globally Comcast owns the Philadelphia Flyers, NBC, Universal Films, and the Golf Channel Amazon sells over 60% of the print books purchased in America The same company owns Nickelodeon, CBS, and Showtime People increasingly don't care whether they watch movies on a big screen, their laptop, or their phone
Comcast owns the Philadelphia Flyers, NBC, Universal Films, and the Golf Channel
What has happened to newspaper circulation in the U.S. since World War II? Current circulation is about 1/3 of what it was at the end of WWII Current circulation is 50% greater than it was at the end of WWII Current circulation is roughly the same as it was at the end of WWII Current circulation is only 5% of what it was at the end of WWII Current circulation is lower than at the end of WWII, but ad revenues have increased rapidly
Current circulation is about 1/3 of what it was at the end of WWII
Which of the following is a term for a process of recording images on polished metal plates covered with a thin layer of silver iodide emulsion? Nickelodeon Daguerreotype Zoopraxiscope Kinetograph Cinematographe
Daguerreotype
Which of the following is one of the arguments made against the trend toward media concentration? Democracy requires an independent media so people can be informed enough to participate in politics effectively Democracy requires a thriving economy, and competition helps fuel the economy It's bad for people to have too much money Democracy requires powerful business interests who can fund political campaigns When media gets too concentrated, it pushes the country to the left politically
Democracy requires an independent media so people can be informed enough to participate in politics effectively
Which of the following terms refers to the fact that media audiences are becoming more defined, and that the idea of a "mass audience" is increasingly outdated? Meme Niche marketing Hypercommercialism Globalization Fragmentation
Fragmentation
Which of the following is a device that measures what people are watching on TV? GTAM meter Nipkow disc Calotype Iconoscope Kinescope
GTAM meter
Which of the following is a term for communication to a large audience that occurs via the dissemination of messages by mass media? Mass Media Technological Determinism Mass Communication Mediated Communication Media Literacy
Mass Communication
After WW II, there was a massive expansion in advertising in the U.S. What was one of the reasons for this expansion? People were having more children There was a shortage of goods, so advertising was necessary to help companies compete with each other Radio came into its own as the dominant force in advertising There was a lot of poverty after the war, and advertising was necessary to help companies compete for scarce dollars There was no advertising during the war, so ad agencies had a lot of ideas that hadn't been used
People were having more children
When a journalist engages in story-balancing, what is she doing? Ensuring that the number of positive comments about a public figure is equal to the number of negative comments Determining whether an issue is too controversial to cover Making sure that the conflict in a story is balanced out by conciliatory or hopeful notes Consulting with an editor or producer to make sure her story isn’t tilting the entire broadcast or publication too far in the direction of conflict and negativity Presenting all sides of an issue without appear to favor any of them
Presenting all sides of an issue without appear to favor any of them
When movie attendance started to decline in the US, what was the biggest reason? Economic downturn Ticket prices Television The arrival of sound in film Fewer movie theaters
Television
Johannes Gutenberg is perhaps the most famous person in the history of European printing. What book did he famously print 180 copies of in 1455? The Koran The Talmud The Bible The Prince The Canterbury Tales
The Bible
Which of the following Acts outlawed the practice of selling only to those who agree not to deal with a competitor? The Telecommunications Act of 1996 The Federal Trade Commission Act The Sherman Antitrust Act The Clayton Antitrust Act The Edison Antitrust Act
The Clayton Antitrust Act
Which of the following created the Federal Communications Commission? Wireless Ship Act of 1910 Telecommunications Act of 1996 Radio Act of 1912 The Communications Act of 1934 Radio Act of 1927
The Communications Act of 1934
Three different entities do the majority of advertising regulation in the United States today. Which entity is primarily responsible for regulating the commercial practices of the broadcasting industry? The Better Business Bureau The Federal Advertising Administration The individual U.S. states The Federal Communication Commission The Federal Trade Commission
The Federal Communication Commission
Which of the following was a penny paper that pioneered the correspondent system of reporting? The Ram's Horn The New York Morning Herald Freedom's Journal The North Star The Chicago Defender
The New York Morning Herald
Which of the following was the most influential African-American newspaper prior to the Civil War? The New York Morning Herald The Ram's Horn The Chicago Defender The North Star Freedom's Journal
The North Star
In 1943, NBC argued in front of the Supreme Court that the FCC is analogous to a broadcasting traffic cop. By their logic, that meant the FCC should only be allowed to regulate the "flow of traffic" on the airwaves. However, the Court used this analogy against NBC. Which of the following statements most closely represents what the Supreme Court said in this instance? The court said that drivers have a reasonable expectation that they might be pulled over by a traffic cop, which means NBC should expect to be fined The court said that traffic cops are always given legal deference, which means the court shouldn't restrict their activities The court said that traffic cops are immune from being prosecuted for their actions, which means that NBC had no standing to sue The court said that traffic cops are allowed to use probable cause to stop and fine motorists, which means that NBC is subject to fines when the FCC thinks it has broken the law The court said that even traffic cops have the right to control not just the flow but the composition of traffic
The court said that even traffic cops have the right to control not just the flow but the composition of traffic
Which of the following statements about media regulation is true? The second half of the 1900s was characterized by increased regulation of media In the 21st century, economic downturns have weakened the strength and influence of large media entities The first half of the 1900s was characterized by increased regulation of media The first half of the 1900s was characterized by no change in the regulation of media The second half of the 1900s was characterized by no change in the regulation of media
The first half of the 1900s was characterized by increased regulation of media
Which of the following statements is true about the publication of "broadsides"? The first paper published in the American colonies was a broadside, though it only lasted for one day They were also known as Corantos The first broadside was published in the colonies in the 1800s They were imported to the U.S. from France They were usually composed of 4 sheets of paper
The first paper published in the American colonies was a broadside, though it only lasted for one day
What of the following is the best description of the conclusions of the best and most comprehensive research on news media bias? The news media as a whole is biased, but not toward any major political party's beliefs The news media as a whole is not biased in any way The news media as a whole is biased toward conservative politics The news media as a whole used to be objective, but is now heavily biased toward liberal politics The news media as a whole is biased toward liberal politics
The news media as a whole is biased, but not toward any major political party's beliefs
What is the best summary of the impact of the quiz show scandals on television? They led to a rapid decline in federal regulation over television, due to public perception that the FCC had gone too far in restricting content They led to the rise of censors like Joseph McCarthy, and the growth of paranoia about communism They led to a significant downturn in the popularity of quiz shows, which never again regained widespread public acceptance They led to the growth of federal regulation over television, specifically significantly greater powers delegated to the FCC They led to the end of single-advertiser-sponsored shows and the rise of spot commercial sales
They led to the end of single-advertiser-sponsored shows and the rise of spot commercial sales
Which of the following is an example of niche marketing? Using colorful graphics to sell diet pills to consumers Using a national newspaper to sell beer to consumers Advertising cars by purchasing ad time during the Super Bowl Advertsing soda through product placement in an action movie Using a fashion magazine to sell clothing to consumers
Using a fashion magazine to sell clothing to consumers
Roughly how many magazines are being published in the U.S.? 20,000 45,000 10,000 35,000 15,000
20,000
Magazines have a high level of "engagement," which measures the depth of the relationship between readers and what? Owners Sellers Content Advertising Writers
Advertising
What does the textbook have to say about the responsibility of media consumers when it comes to the stories the media tells us? We have a responsibility to interpret the media's stories in ways consistent with larger cultural truths We have a responsibility to be thoughtful about the media's stories We have a responsibility to reflect on the meanings of media stores, especially what they say about us and our culture All of these are responsibilities the books says we have We have a responsibility to question the tellers and their stories
All of these are responsibilities the books says we have
News organizations often believe their audiences will be more attracted to stories if those stories involve famous people. Which factor of newsworthiness explains this belief? Prominence Human Drama Timeliness Negativity Importance
Prominence
Which of the following regulatory Acts was passed first? The Edison Antitrust Act The Federal Trade Commission Act The Clayton Antitrust Act The Sherman Antitrust Act The Telecommunications Act of 1996
The Sherman Antitrust Act
How much money does the American advertising industry spend each year? $214 billion $134 billion $174 billion $294 billion $254 billion
$254 billion
How much money does the global advertising industry spend each year? $748 billion $628 billion $708 billion $668 billion $588 billion
$628 billion
What percentage of music revenue in the U.S. comes from streaming? 73% 93% 53% 83% 63%
83%
Which of the following eras of PR began after World War II? Propaganda-Publicity Early Three-Way Advanced Two-Way Early Two-Way Early PR
Advanced Two-Way
What has happened to the number of reporters in the U.S. since 1990? It has stayed roughly the same per capita It has declined by 1/3 per capita It has increased by 1/3 per capita It has declined by 2/3 per capita It has increased by 2/3 per capita
It has declined by 2/3 per capita
Which of the following statements is true about Johannes Gutenberg? He got rich from his printing inventions He lost his printing lab in a lawsuit He invented metal movable type He invented the printing press His name is on the oldest printed book in Europe to contain the name of its printer
He lost his printing lab in a lawsuit
Why is Ted Turner so important to the early history of cable television? He started MTV He founded HBO He owned Cox Communications, the first multiple-system operator He funded CSPAN He started the first standard cable station
He started the first standard cable station
In 1734, the publisher of The New York Journal was jailed for criticizing the royal governor of New York. What was the ultimate impact of that trial? It set a new standard for an independent press in the American colonies The public outcry at the publisher's sentence sparked the Revolutionary War The publisher was sentenced to life in prison It caused the press in the American colonies to be much less willing to criticize the colonial government The publisher was freed because of his political contacts
It set a new standard for an independent press in the American colonies
The end of the Civil War marked the beginning of magazines' arrival as a true national mass medium. One reason for that was the end of the war. What was another reason? The arrival of color printing Northern migration The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad Federal legislation to reduce mailing costs National pride
The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad
Which of the following is the best explanation of why so many movie studios moved to California in the early 1900s? Lower taxes To take advantage of media investors in the state To take advantage of the growing population To avoid Thomas Edison Easier access to acting talent
To avoid Thomas Edison
Which of the following statements about flim technology and its impacts is NOT true? The public tends to have an unrealistic perception of what most white skin actually looks like Film-makers have historically been less likely to cast non-white actors in part because they see them as creating lighting problems Non-white actors often appear as though they are in shadow, making them appear threatening Non-white actors are harder to light properly Although there have been a lot of problems with visual equity over the years, improvements in technology mean that those problems no longer exist at all
Although there have been a lot of problems with visual equity over the years, improvements in technology mean that those problems no longer exist at all
Which of the following is one of the impacts of increasing concentration of newspaper ownership in the U.S.? An increasing tendency toward clickbait articles and headlines An increasing diversity of voices on editorial pages Less pressure on individual papers to be profitable Newspapers are more likely to reflect the views of the people than the owners A clearer distinction between ads and news
An increasing tendency toward clickbait articles and headlines
Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of media literacy listed in the textbook? Strategies for analyzing and discussing media messages Development of effective and responsible production skills An awareness of the impact of media on the individual and society An understanding of the economic disparities within the media sector An understanding of the process of mass communication
An understanding of the economic disparities within the media sector
Which of the following terms deals primarily with the tendency of non-media companies to buy smaller media outlets? Hypercommercialism Niche marketing Conglomeration Oligopoly Convergence
Conglomeration
Which of the following refers to the practice of providing consumers with a specific reason to choose one product over another? Mindfulness Specification Distinction Differentiation Repetition
Differentiation
Which of the following court cases specifically applied First Amendment protections to humorous speech? Valentine v. Christensen Schenck v. United States Hustler Magazine Co. v. Falwell Time, Inc. vs. Hill Roth v. United States
Hustler Magazine Co. v. Falwell
Which of the following things was invented last? Packet switching technology ARPAnet The personal computer Email The World Wide Web
The World Wide Web
Which of the following things would PREVENT a film from being ruled obscene under the modern Supreme Court definition? If the film avoided politics If the film only included a little bit of nudity If the film was made in California If the film was only deemed patently offensive within the community where it was made If the film was made by a recognized artist
If the film was made by a recognized artist
Roughly what percentage of the world's population is currently being served by the Internet? 35% 10% Just over 50% 25% Just under 75%
Just over 50%
Which of the following statements about the book industry is NOT true? The book industry in America generates over $100 billion in revenue More books than ever are being published Americans annually buy nearly 700 million books More than 1 million books are being published in the U.S. each year More people are writing books than ever before
The book industry in America generates over $100 billion in revenue
