second quarter exam (ch 11, 19,20)

Hazing, which includes drinking contests and other humiliating behaviors, is experienced by what percetage of college athletes? Answers: 80% 60% 20% 40%

80%

People involved in sport often claim that sport participation helps build good character in young people. Which of the following statements is not true? Answers: Good sporting behavior is affected by the level of competition and the importance attached to winning. Good sporting behavior is affected by coaches' beliefs, behaviors, and teachings. It has been impossible to determine a cause-and-effect relationship between sport participation and ethical, moral behavior. Athletes exhibit better moral behavior than nonathletes exhibit.

Athletes exhibit better moral behavior than nonathletes exhibit.

Which of the following is true about gambling and sport? Answers: College athletes gamble more than nonathletes. Male and female athletes gamble at the same rate. Nonathletes use bookies more than athletes do Students who gamble do not drink as much as other students.

College athletes gamble more than nonathletes.

Which of the following statements is false about concussions and sport? Answers: Concussion involves traumatic injury of the brain. The majority of concussions at the high school level occur in football. Adults take longer to recover from a concussion than children do. Concussion symptoms may include confusion and blurred vision.

Concussion symptoms may include confusion and blurred vision.

According to the functionlist approach, those who violate rules in society usually do so because they lack moral character. True False

False

Alcohol seldom plays a role in the behavior, which at times has risen to the level of violence. True False

False

Athletes who learn to use violent strategies on the playing field never use these strategies off the field because they know the difference between sports and the rest of their lives. True False

False

Fifty percent of the top 25 Division I college football recruits have a criminal record. True False

False

It is well established that participation in organized sport automatically builds good character in athletes. True False

False

Male student-athletes make up 3 percent of the population on college campuses but account for 50 percent of sexual assaults and 35 percent of domestic assaults on campuses. True False

False

Of the major US sport leagues, the NFL has the toughest penalties for drug use. True False

False

Punishments for violations (i.e., breaking the rules) have decreased in the NCAA. True False

False

The evidence is clear, violent strategies learned in sport carryover to the rest of life. True False

False

The penalty for a first violation in baseball for violating the drug use policy is a 50 game suspension. True False

False

The role of a coach is to teach skills, not rules. True False

False

If we wanted to increase good sporting behavior at youth hockey games, which of the following ideas would we implement? Answers: Changing the location of the locker rooms Disallowing youth players from watching professional hockey Teaching all parents and coaches how to model good behavior Changing the rules of youth hockey

Teaching all parents and coaches how to model good behavior

In the discussion on hooliganism, violence, and crowd dynamics, the author concludes that specator violence varies with a number of factors. Which of the followig is not one of those factors? Answers: Alcohol consumption by the spectators. The location of the event. The cost of tickets for the event. The meaning and importance of the event for the spectators.

The cost of tickets for the event.

A problem one faces when studying deviance is sports is that the forms and causes of deviance in sports are very diverse. True False

True

A sporting tradition can be a barrier to good sporting behavior. True False

True

According to the text book fans can influence player behavior by how they treat players during games and contests. True False

True

Children tend to change in moral capacity around the age of 10 or 11. True False

True

Coaches and officials need to penalize players who do not follow the rules. True False

True

Deviance among athletes is likely when athletes are separated from the rest of the community and people view the athetes with awe and admiration. True False

True

Females who complete in aesthetic or judges sports (i.e., gymnastics, figure skating) are at higher risk for eating disorders. True False

True

Good sporting behavior can be reinforced through recognition and awards for individuals, teams, and schools that demonstrate good sportsmanship. True False

True

Most high school athletes report that they admire their coaches and learn positive life skills and values from them. True False

True

One consequence of the culture of sport is the pressure to return too quickly from an injury. True False

True

Players, officials, and coaches become targets of speculation about fixing game outcomes and controlling point spreads. True False

True

Researchers Stoll and Beller have reported that their research suggests that the longer athletes play competitive sport, the lower their moral reasoning tends to be. True False

True

Unquestioned acceptance of the prevailing sport ethic sometimes results in deviant behavior because athletes adopt behaviors that are outside the norms of society. True False

True

A baseball player is often encouraged to brush back a batter who homered the previous time up. A functionalist theroist would justify this action as Answers: a. a baseball tradition b. just trying to win the game c. an unintentional act d. a legal action

a. a baseball tradition

Poor sporting behavior is more likely to occur in Answers: a. recreational sport b. high performance sports - youth c. youth sport d. high performance sports - professional

b. high performance sports - youth

Gender and race get connected with aggression in sports when people have stereotypes that lead them to see Answers: black women as vulnerable white men as dangerous white men and black men as natural enemies black men as intimidating.

black men as intimidating.

Some forms of violence are accepted widely by athletes and even used as a basis for gaining status among fellow athletes. These include Answers: physical violence and organized violence criminal violence and borderline violence borderline violence and brutal body contact brutal body contact and quasi-criminal violence

borderline violence and brutal body contact

Deviance may involve either underconformity or overconformity to norms. The author suggests that Answers: deviance based on overconformity is harmless while deviance based on underconformity is dangerous. too much deviance based on overconformity often leads to anarchy. deviance based on underconfromity is so rare that sociologists have ignored it in the past. both forms of deviance are dangerous although deviance based on overconformtiy is often more difficult to control.

both forms of deviance are dangerous although deviance based on overconformtiy is often more difficult to control.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the development of good sporting behavior? Answers: a. Sport administrators must place good sporting behavior as a high priority. b. Programs to teach acceptable behavior must be adopted. c. Officials must enforce the rules fairly. d. Parents must teach that winning is the most important aspect of playing sports.

d. Parents must teach that winning is the most important aspect of playing sports.

Football players who hold thge opposing players to gain an advantage rationalize their actions by explaining that everyone does it and try not to the officials see it. According to Kohlberg's levels of moral reasoning, these players are operating at the level of Answers: a. preconventional - punishment and obedience b. postconventional - social contract c. conventional - law and order d. conventional - good boy or girl

d. conventional - good boy or girl

Which of the following is not an example of "rational" rule breaking? Answers: committing a foul because "everyone is doing it" tripping a player so that your team has a better chance of winning ignoring a rule that everyone dislikes intentionally injuring another player

intentionally injuring another player

Many arguments for banning the use of performance enhancing drugs are based on the belief that such drugs can be harmful to the health of athletes. There arguments are difficult to make to athletes because Answers: most drugs have not negative side affects. their coaches and trainers have sheltered them from knowledge about injuries. medical researchers can tell us little about health risks and substance use. many athletes have learned to live with health risks in their sports.

many athletes have learned to live with health risks in their sports.

It is difficult to discuss violence in sport because Answers: sport officials do not admit that their sports are violent violence is never accepted in sport many sports do not involve physical contact many sports inherently require actions that would be illegal outside of sport

many sports inherently require actions that would be illegal outside of sport

One of the problems faced when studing deviance in sports is that much of the deviance involves behavior grounded in Answers: a rejection of norms and expectations in society and sports. strong feelings of despair and alienation among athletes and coaches. a strong desire on the part of athletes to avoid responsibility. overconformity to norms and expectations in sports.

overconformity to norms and expectations in sports.

Which of the following is not an example of a drug? Answers: protein prescription medicine stimulant anabolic steroid

protein

Which sports are the least likely to be associated with athletes who deveop eating disorders? Answers: swimming and figure skating gymnastics and dancing softball and baseball cheerleading and wrestling

softball and baseball

Athletes sometimes show emotion due to which of the following? Answers: their role as a starter or reserve the stress of competition how well they are handling their coursework (collegiate athletes) whether it is a weekday or weekend event

the stress of competition

Studying deviance is sports presents unique problems primarily because Answers: coaches enforce rules so strictly that deviance seldom occurs. psychological research shows that athletes have conforming personalities. athletes have enough money to hire lawyers and avoid prosecution. what is normal in sports may be deviant outside sports.

what is normal in sports may be deviant outside sports.