Section 3- CPT exam study questions
Which of the following is true about the biologically active forms of vitamins?
Biologically active forms are most effective for augmenting body levels.
Which of the following is a component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)?
EAT, NEAT, RMR, and TEF
What are two ways to best improve the timely passage of food through the intestinal tracts and prevent constipation?
Ensure adequate water intake, and engage in an exercise program that is inclusive of both aerobic and resistance training
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United Kingdom?
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
What breathing change occurs at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)?
Expiration becomes more forceful
Compared to water-soluble vitamins, which of the following is true about fat-soluble vitamins?
Fat-soluble vitamins take longer to accumulate in and deplete from the body.
The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?
Hamstrings and erector spinae
Vitamin and mineral supplements are which kind of supplements?
Health Supplements
Which of the following effects of the cardiovascular system occurs during exercise?
Increased ventricular filling
What component of breathing improves blood flow back to the heart?
Inspiration with a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
What structure in the heart transfers the electrical signal from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node?
Internodal Pathway
What term is used to describe muscle tension that is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint?
Isometric
Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?
Lateral Subsystem
Which heart chamber gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs?
Left atrium
Which of the following is magnesium classified as?
Macromineral
What is adaptive thermogenesis?
Metabolic adaptations and changes in energy expenditure due to changes in energy intake
Why is nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) important?
NEAT can be protective against obesity.
One of the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous system. What is the second division?
Peripheral Nervous System
When ADP is converted to ATP, what is this process called?
Phosphorylation
What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system's role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?
Reciprocal inhibition
How are dietary supplements defined?
Regulated dietary materials used to increase intake of a desired nutritional component
Which component contributes the most to total energy expenditure?
Resting metabolism
Which plane of movement can be described as an imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides?
Sagittal
Which of the following is the functional unit of a muscle cell?
Sarcomere
What is a characteristic of a type II muscle fiber?
Short-term contractions
What statement best describes the category of simple sugars?
Single- or double-molecule sugars that are easily absorbed by the body
What anatomical heart structure is referred to as "the pacemaker of the heart"?
Sinoatrial node
You hear a client remark that she does not want to include any fat in her diet because she wants to avoid gaining weight. How might you respond, while staying within your scope of practice?
Some fats are essential and required in the diet for important physiological processes. Avoiding all fats might lead to deficiencies.
Which of the following hydration options would be most appropriate for exercise lasting over 90 minutes, or shorter-duration exercise in warm temperatures with heavy perspiration?
Sports drink or electrolyte tablets mixed with water
When a client's heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?
Sympathetic Nervous System
If someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most to ATP production?
The ATP-PC system
Which of the following would be a credible source of nutrition information?
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
What is end-systolic volume?
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction
Which of the following examples describes a muscle that is functioning as an antagonist?
The biceps brachii being active during elbow extension
Which of the following is a major nutritional contributor to muscle protein synthesis?
The essential amino acids
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in Australia?
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?
They act as shock absorbers.
The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups?
Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus
What is the primary purpose of the peripheral nervous system?
To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?
Transverse
What are the three categories within the lipid family?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?
Troponin
Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?
Type I
Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?
Type II
What type of vessel is responsible for carrying blood back to the heart?
Veins
The water-soluble vitamins include which vitamins?
Vitamin C, and the B complex vitamins
What is the definition of energy balance?
When daily food intake is matched to energy needs
Which of the following conditions would produce nutritional ketosis in the body?
a very low-carb diet
What percentage of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) converts to a biologically available form called eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)?
about 5-15%
What are the two components of a sarcomere?
actin and myosin
What are the components of ATP?
adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups
What types of foods provide all the essential amino acids?
animal proteins
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
axial and appendicular
During short, high-intensity exercise, what is the primary fuel source for the body?
carbohydrates
Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way?
Anthrokinematic
Which of the following is a potential benefit of omega-3 fatty acids?
Anti-inflammatory properties
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United States?
FDA
According to current research, what is the optimal range of daily protein intake to maximize muscle protein synthesis?
1.6 to 2.2 g/kg of body weight
Low-intensity activity burns a higher proportion of fat as fuel, but if someone wanted to burn the most total calories from any substrate, which of the following activities would be most effective?
20 minutes of moderate-intensity activity
What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for carbohydrate in the diet?
45-65%
How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?
A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted
Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?
concentric
What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?
concentric
During a squat, the lowering phase would be described as what type of muscle action?
eccentric
What is the term for the higher-than-normal energy expenditure during the recovery period after exercise?
excess postexercise oxygen consumption
What is the name of the stored form of glucose?
glycogen
A client plans to go for a 10-mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles, so they stop. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue?
glycogen stores were exhausted
Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?
golgi tendon organs
The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones?
insulin (and glucagon)
Which part of a cell is responsible for using nutrients to create energy for the cell?
mitochondria
What is the term for the chemical messengers that cross the synapse between the neuron and muscle and assist with nerve transmission?
neurotransmitters
Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skull?
nonsynovial
Which of the following is not an appropriate expectation for a CPT?
prescribing a supplement
When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions?
pyruvate
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body?
red blood cells
What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed?
remodeling
Which of the following contributes the most to the total calories burned in a day?
resting metabolic rate
Which heart chamber gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins?
right atrium
What are the three types of muscles in the body?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Which characteristic is exhibited by type I muscle fibers?
slow to fatigue
Which of the following effects may occur if the amortization phase of a plyometric exercise is prolonged?
stored energy will dissipate, and the unloading phase will be less powerful
Which joints are most associated with human movement?
synovial (make up 80% of total joints in the body and have the greatest capacity for movement)
Which part of a food label would help a client review the ingredients in a food product?
the ingredients list
What are triglycerides?
the stored form of fat
Which of the following is iron considered to be?
trace mineral
What does the electron transport chain (ETC) do?
uses a hydrogen gradient to create ATP.
Anti-inflammatory properties
Vitamin A
Can supplements contain food allergens?
Yes, and if they do contain allergens, they should be listed on the label.
Before carbohydrates, fat, or protein can enter the citric acid cycle (CAC), they need to be converted to what common molecule?
Acetyl CoA
What mechanism is responsible for increasing the rate of heart conduction?
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of the bloodstream occurs in what structure or structures?
Alveolar sacs
What are the building blocks of body proteins?
Amino Acids
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?
As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.
Food is composed of which three compounds?
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
What is a primary difference between a food label and a supplement label?
A supplement label only needs to list what is present, not specific amounts.
A client reports that he is following a limited diet of chicken and rice every day to avoid eating extra calories from other foods in order to lose weight. What would be an appropriate response within your scope of practice as a fitness professional?
A varied diet of whole foods provides important micronutrients, and this limited diet may be lacking adequate amounts of them.
Food in the stomach is processed and then passes into what anatomical structure?
Duodenum of the small intestine
What is the best definition of complex carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates that are comprised of polysaccharides and that contain both fiber and starch
Where is the heart located in the thoracic cavity?
Central to the left and anterior to the spine
Vitamin C has a role in which of these functions?
Collagen synthesis and immunity
