Section 3 Exam AAOS 12th Edition Study guide

severe twitching of all the body's muscles.

A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by:

Rapid, thready pulse

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, except:

pain and distention

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

the speed of the fall.

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:

profound tachycardia.

Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, except:

poor vessel function and severe volume loss.

Patients develop septic shock secondary to:

urinary bladder

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the:

cut grass

Phosgene (CG) has an odor that resembles:

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

physical

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse.

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex.

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

a rapid heart rate that originates from above the ventricles.

The term "supraventricular tachycardia" means:

baby is expelled from the vagina.

The third stage of labor begins when the:

Influenza

Three months after returning home from West Africa, a 50-year-old man begins experiencing a fever, cough, and muscle aches. The EMT should suspect:

perform a 360° walkaround of the scene.

To evaluate hazards present at the scene and determine the number of patients, you should:

use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.

To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should:

100 lbs

Trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately _______ per cubic foot.

the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene.

Typical components of an oral patient report include all of the following, except:

The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

falls

Which of the following is the most common mechanism of injury in older patients?

spleen

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

Weight loss and polyuria

Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Painful urination is a common symptom of gonorrhea in men and women.

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea is correct?

They carry information from the CNS to the muscles.

Which of the following statements regarding motor nerves is correct?

External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.

Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?

They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct?

It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?

The process of aging is gradual, and the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.

Which of the following statements regarding the aging process is correct?

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

lifting the pt by the belt to move him/her

Which of the following steps is not proper procedure when performing an emergency move?

Asking questions related to the chief complaint

Which of the following will MOST reliably allow you to determine the nature of a patient's illness?

drowsiness

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

energy transmission to the spine

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicle. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should:

apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound?

acute cholecystitis

A 35-year-old obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is:

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:

maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.

A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should:

high blood pressure

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke three years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is most likely causing his nosebleed today?

Retreat and notify law enforcement personnel

A 75-year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should:

distal radius

A Colles fracture involves a fracture of the:

dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance.

A folding or portable stretcher is most beneficial when:

1 L

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

pulmonary contusion

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress, and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally, and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

cover the exposed bowel with a moist sterile dressing and then secure it in place with a dry bandage.

A man has a large laceration across his lower abdominal wall and a loop of bowel is protruding from the wound. He is conscious and alert and there is minimal bleeding from the wound. You should:

use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ

A medical transport helicopter is incoming, and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone (LZ). You should:

bilateral

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

5 minutes

A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every:

rapid breathing

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will most likely experience:

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

A simple pneumothorax:

colostomy

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n):

assess for an exit wound

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

until he or she loses consciousness

Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:

Insert a peripheral intravenous catheter

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office to:

binds to the substance and prevents absorption.

Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

place additional dressings over the wound

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

report the incident to your supervisor after the call.

After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should:

BLS efforts must continue throughout the patient care continuum.

After assuming care of a cardiac arrest patient from an EMT, the paramedic should remember that:

spleen

After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the:

provide emotional support to the mother.

After delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:

easier breathing.

After the fetus has descended into the pelvis at the end of the third trimester, many mothers experience:

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:

the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:

the overlying skin is no longer intact.

An open fracture is most accurately defined as a fracture in which:

cause the child to vomit

An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it might:

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

Lateral Collisions

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.

As a triage supervisor, you:

shoulder fracture

Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would most likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked?

renal insufficiency

Blood levels of medications might rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is most likely due to:

pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass.

Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because:

brain

Cerebral palsy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the:

cherry-red spots or a purplish rash.

Children with N. meningitides would most likely present with:

spastic limb movement.

Common associated conditions in patients with spina bifida include all of the following, except:

ask a family member, law enforcement officer, or bystander to sign the form verifying that the patient refused to sign

Despite your numerous, sincere efforts to convince a 40-year-old man to consent to EMS treatment and transport, he refuses. After explaining the potential consequences of his refusal and determining that the patient has decision-making capacity, you ask him to sign an EMS refusal form, but he refuses to do that as well. You should:

Diaphragm

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is most indicative of a ruptured:

deep vein thrombosis

During your assessment of a 70-year-old woman, she tells you that she takes blood-thinning medication and has to wear compression stockings around her legs. This information should make you suspect that she has:

provide ventilation assistance with a BVM

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

such injuries can affect the respiratory system

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are most important because:

Radiation

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

Oxycodone (Percocet)

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

involves physical injury to the brain tissue

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

inadequate patient care was administered

In the eyes of the courts, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates:

A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist?

high blood pressure

Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, except:

coughing up blood

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include:

Wheezing

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, except:

a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column.

Spina bifida is defined as:

the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.

Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when:

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

possible spinal injury.

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

stand by at the command post until the person is located.

The EMT's role at the scene of a search and rescue attempt is to:

residual volume

The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the:

after the primary assessment has been completed.

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:

defining clear roles and responsibilities before the call is received.

The effectiveness of pit crew CPR is dependent on:

femoral arteries

The iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the:

brain

The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the:

Maxillae

The lower jawbone is called the:

Retina

The optic nerve endings are located within the:

behind the medial malleolus, on the inside of the ankle

The posterior tibial pulse can be palpated:

wash your hands in between patient contacts.

The simplest, yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to:

foramen magnum

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

just anterior to the tragus

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

15:2

What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing two-rescuer child CPR?

allows movement of the head

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Epidermis

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

Conduction

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

signs and symptoms of shock

When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will most likely find:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

maintain her ABCs and transport without delay.

When caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecologic emergency, the EMT's main focus should be to:

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:

avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.

When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is most important for the EMT to:

use plain language and simple terms

When explaining the need for a particular procedure to an elderly patient, you should:

after assessing distal neurovascular functions.

When immobilizing a seated patient with a short backboard or vest-style immobilization device, you should apply a cervical collar:

ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient.

When interacting with an intellectually disabled patient, the best approach is to:

in a functional position.

When splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed:

quadruples.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

secondary triage is performed, and the appropriate treatment is rendered

When victims involved in a multiple-casualty incident are moved to the treatment area:

given the option of being treated by a female EMT.

Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:

A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

Which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)?

Rohypnol

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?

Any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be most concerned with:

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketoic coma (HHNC)

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads "high." She is conscious but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:

jugular vein distention

You are assessing a patient with respiratory distress and are unsure if the cause is congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following clinical signs would be the MOST helpful in determining whether the patient has chronic heart failure or COPD?

determine if she was injured when she fainted.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to:

law enforcement is at the scene.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.

You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:

49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing

You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category?

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is most important to recall that:

8

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min, and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is:

keep him warm and ventilate with a BVM

You have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should:

partially remove the dressing

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you.

You receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month-old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infant's mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed four times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should:

compressing the sternum between the nipples.

You should deliver chest compressions to an unresponsive adult patient in cardiac arrest by:

expressed

You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. Which of the following types of consent describes her agreement?