section 5 b cognition

The nurse is caring for a child recently fitted with braces on both legs due to cerebral palsy (CP). Which of the following would the nurse emphasize in the discharge teaching?

"Check the skin that is covered by the braces for redness and breakdown."

After teaching a class of students about genetics and inheritance, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the basic unit of heredity?

A gene is the basic unit of heredity of all traits.

Assessment of a child reveals a tension pneumothorax. The nurse would prepare the child for which of the following?

A needle thoracotomy is indicated for tension pneumothorax to relieve the air collected in the space.

When assessing a child with a traumatic injury, which of the following would be the priority assessment?

Airway patency and airflow

The nurse is assessing an infant diagnosed with trisomy 13. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? Select all that apply.

An infant with trisomy 13 would exhibit wide sagittal suture and fontanels, small eyes, and extra digits. Short sternum, fingernail hypoplasia, and prominent occiput are associated with trisomy 18.

neural tube defect

Anencephaly Spina bifida occulta Encephalocele

After teaching a group of students about neural tube disorders, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify which of the following as a neural tube defect?

Arnold-Chiari malformation is a deformity of the cerebellar tonsils being displaced into the upper cervical canal.

A 10-year-old boy with congenital heart disease is in shock. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for this child?

Assessing for pulmonary edema from fluid overload

After teaching a group of students about medications commonly used for neuromuscular disorders, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which agent as a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant?

Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant used to treat painful spasms and decrease spasticity in children with motor neuron lesions.

The nurse assesses a child and finds that the child's pupils are pinpoint. The nurse interprets this finding as indicating which of the following?

Brain stem dysfunction

The nurse is describing some of the developmental milestones the mother of a 3-month-old boy with Down syndrome can expect to see in her child. Which statement describes the milestones that are expected in a child with Down syndrome?

Children with Down syndrome will accomplish eating with their hands by about 12 months of age. They will develop the skills of typical children, but at an older age.

A nursing student is reviewing information about inheritance and genetic disorders. The student demonstrates understanding of the information by identifying which of the following as an example of a disorder involving multifactorial inheritance?

Cleft palate is attributed to multifactorial inheritance.

The nurse knows that the heads of infants and toddlers are large in proportion to their bodies, placing them at risk for which of the following?

Closed head injury

A 6-year-old has had a viral infection for the past 5 days and is now having severe vomiting, confusion, and irritability, although he is now afebrile. During the assessment, the nurse should ask the parent which of the following questions?

Did you use any medications like aspirin for the fever?" Severe and continual vomiting, changes in mental status, lethargy, and irritability are some of the signs and symptoms of Reye syndrome, which can occur as a result of ingesting aspirin or aspirin-containing products during a viral infection.

A nurse is preparing a presentation about genetic disorders in children. Which of the following would the nurse include as the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability?

Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability.

A group of students are reviewing information about possible causes of cerebral palsy. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a postnatal cause?

Head trauma such as from abuse or motor vehicle accidents is a postnatal cause of cerebral palsy.

plan for infant with myelomenigocele in hosptial would be to monitor for

ICP by monitoring anerior fontanel for bulging

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a toddler with suspected autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess?

Large, posteriorly rotated ears

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old boy with myelomeningocele. The nurse is teaching the mother how to promote appropriate bowel elimination and avoid constipation. Which response from the mother indicates a need for further teaching?

My son's activity is too limited to stimulate his bowels." The nurse needs to point out to the mother that even minimal activity increases peristalsis. Together they can come up with appropriate activities within the child's limits or restrictions to promote peristalsis.

A 14-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. His parents state that they think he took "too many of his pain pills." The child had been prescribed oxycodone every 4 hours for pain secondary to a bone infection. Which agent would the nurse expect to be administered to counteract the analgesics?

Naloxone

A child with cerebral palsy is referred for physical therapy. When describing the rationale for this therapy, the nurse would emphasize which of the following as the primary goal?

Physical therapy focuses on assisting in the development of gross motor movements such as walking and positioning and helps the child develop independent movement.

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for an infant who has undergone surgery to repair a myelomeningocele. The nurse would include placing the infant in which position postoperatively? Select all that apply.

Postoperatively, the nurse would position the infant in the prone or side-lying position to allow the incision to heal.

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old boy with cerebral palsy (CP). The medical record indicates "hypertonicity and permanent contractures affecting both extremities on one side." Based on these findings, the nurse identifies this type of CP as which of the following?

Spastic hemiplegia involves hypertonicity and permanent contractures on both extremities on one side.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a health fair focusing on prevention of congenital neuromuscular disorders. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize as most important in preventing neural tube defects?

Strong evidence exists that folic acid supplementation by the mother before conception decreases the incidence of neural tube defects by 50%.

A mother has brought her 5-month-old son to the clinic because he has been drowsy and unresponsive. The child has hydrocephalus and had a shunt placed about a month previously. Which of the following symptoms indicate that the shunt is infected?

The child is not responding or eating well.

The nurse is counseling a couple who are concerned that their children might inherit sickle cell disease. Which of the following responses from the couple indicate a need for further teaching?

The father cannot pass the disorder onto his son or the mother to her daughter."

While observing a child, the nurse notes that the child's arms and legs are extended and pronated. The nurse interprets this as indicating damage to which of the following?

The observations indicate decerebrate posturing, which occurs with damage to the midbrain.

The nurse is caring for an infant with a myelomeningocele who has paralysis of the lower extremities. Which action would be most appropriate to help reduce friction resulting from this paralysis?

To protect the myelomeningocele, the child must always be placed in the prone position. Special attention to the infant's legs needs to occur when positioning them. Using a folded diaper in between the legs can help reduce pressure and friction from the legs rubbing together.

A nurse is describing the underlying cause of trisomy 21 to a group of parents, integrating knowledge that the disorder is due to which of the following?

Trisomy 21 is a disorder caused by nondisjunction or error in cell division. It is not due to the loss of a portion of the chromosome (deletion), an extra segment being present (duplication), or transfer of one part of the chromosome to another (translocation).

he nurse is providing education to the parents of a 2-year-old boy with hydrocephalus who has just had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt placed. Which information is most important for the parents to be taught?

Watch for changes in his behavior or eating patterns."

The nurse is teaching the parents of a female child with a myelomeningocele how to perform clean intermittent catheterization. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the parents return demonstrate the procedure and state which of the following?

When the urine stops flowing, we should press on the lower belly to ensure the bladder is empty."

child with Down syndrome are at risk for

acute leukemia

child with CP, nurse plan of care for locomotion, self care and socialization

child put on wheeled scooter board

nurse explains Cp to parents

chronic disability caused by characterized by muscle movement and posture,

sign of mengitis after lumbar puncture

cloudy CSF,elevated protein, and decreased glucose levels

While observing a child, the nurse notes that the child's arms and legs are extended and pronated. The nurse interprets this as indicating damage to which of the following?

damage to the midbrain.

after spinal bifda surgery nurse will

elevate the head with the infant in the prone position

early sign of icp

increased blood pressure, sunset eyes

late sign of icp

pressure include bradycardia, fixed and dilated pupils, and irregular respirations.

autistic disorder pt would be put in a

private room because they do not like a lot of social interaction and become easily upset

priority nursing intervention for hydrocephalus

repositon the infant freq to prevent pressure ulcers

nursing diagnosis for myelomeningocele in pre-op care would be

risk for infection

spina bifda care

sterile normal dressing

nurse will teach parents with hydrocephalus

when picking up your child, support the baby's head and neck with an open palm of your hand

The nurse is assessing a child with spastic cerebral palsy. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? Select all that apply.

Poor control of balance,Hemiplegia,Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes,Hypertonicity

During the physical assessment of a 2r-month-old infant, the nurse suspects the child may have hydrocephalus. Which of the following signs or symptoms was observed?

Dramatic increase in head circumference

The nurse is using the pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale to assess a child's level of consciousness. Which of the following would the nurse assess? Select all that apply.

The pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale assesses level of consciousness using three parts: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

The nurse is assessing a child with spina bifida occulta. During the assessment, the parents say, "It's going to be so difficult taking care of our child. He'll never be able to walk." The nurse identifies which nursing diagnosis as the priority?

Deficient knowledge related to diagnosis and condition The parents' statement indicates a lack of understanding about the condition. Spina bifida is a term that is often used to refer to all neural tube disorders that affect the spinal cord. This can be confusing and a cause of concern for parents. There are well-defined degrees of spinal cord involvement, and it is important for healthcare professionals to use the correct terminology. Spina bifida occulta is a defect of the vertebral bodies without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges. This defect is not visible externally and in most cases has no adverse affects. In most cases, spina bifida occulta is benign and asymptomatic and produces no neurologic signs; it may be considered a normal variant. Mobility typically is not impaired with spina bifida occulta. The child is at no greater risk for injury as any other child. The parents demonstrate a lack of knowledge, not problems with coping.

The nurse is preparing a presentation for a local health fair on autism spectrum disorders. Which of the following would the nurse include as part of the presentation?

There are no medications or treatment available to cure autism.