section b multiple choice

Consider this scenario: Classic puzzle "Murderer at the Door" Imagine there is a Nazi at your door, asking "Do you have any Jews in your house?" If you answer truthfully, he will come in and kill them, but if you lie the Nazi will believe you and move on. What would Mill's Principle of Utility tell us is the right thing to do in this situation? Why? A. Lie, because that will produce the least suffering overall (Nazi will move along happy, Jew will live) B. Lie, because that is treating the Jew with respect by manipulating the Nazi to go away C. Tell the truth, because that is treating the Nazi with respect. If the Nazi is going to do the wrong thing with the information, that is his failing, not yours. D. Tell the truth, because it is painful for you to lie and you should avoid your own suffering

A. Lie, because that will produce the least suffering overall (Nazi will move along happy, Jew will live)

Consider the following scenarios. Determine if someone acted paternalistically or not. "Ori found his roommate trying to commit suicide by an overdose of pills. Ori removed the pills and set up an appointment with a counselor. Months later, Ori's roommate thanked him for saving his life." Did Ori act paternalistically? A. Yes, Ori was acting paternalistically when he did what he thought was best for his roommate. B. No, Ori was not being paternalistic.

A. Yes, Ori was acting paternalistically when he did what he thought was best for his roommate.

Care Ethics places value on: A. asymmetirical relationships (mother/child or doctor/patient) B. independence C. following abstract principles D. impartiality and rationality more than partiality

A. asymmetirical relationships (mother/child or doctor/patient)

According to De Bord, the purpose of Informed Consent A. is to allow a pateint to decide for oneself what happens to their body B. to make sure patients always follow their doctor's advice C. to make sure there are enough people available to participate in medical research D. is absolute and should never be overridden by other people

A. is to allow a pateint to decide for oneself what happens to their body

According to Mike Oliver, being disabled can be a problem because A. of society's systematic exclusion of people with disabilities B. disability is a personal tragedy that limits a person's ability to function C. doctors do not have enough freedom to make the necessary medical decisions for people with disabilities

A. of society's systematic exclusion of people with disabilities

The historical significance of the Tuskegee Syphilis study is that A. outcry over the study lead directly to the National Research Act, a legally binding code of Bioethics in the U.S. B. is it the main reason that members of the African American community are distrustful of U.S. medical practice. C. it is the most unethical medical research to have been conducted in the United States

A. outcry over the study lead directly to the National Research Act, a legally binding code of Bioethics in the U.S.

According to Immanuel Kant, what gives someone their moral worth is their: A. rationality and the ability to make choices ("good will") B. ability to feel pain C. membership to species "human"

A. rationality and the ability to make choices ("good will")

Vanessa Northington Gamble argues that A. The Tuskegee Syphilis study is the primary reason that African Americans mistrust medical institutions B. African Americans mistrusted medical institutions long before the Tuskegee Syphilis study C. Studies show that whites and blacks are both treated equally by doctors

B. African Americans mistrusted medical institutions long before the Tuskegee Syphilis study

Identify four important principles in Bioethics (check all that apply) A. Magnificence B. Nonmaleficence C. Beneficence D. Distributive Justice E. Obsolescence F. Autonomy G. Wingardium H. Leviosa

B. Nonmaleficence , C. Beneficence, D. Distributive Justice, F. Autonomy

According to John Stuart Mill and his Principle of Utility, the way to determine the right action in any situation is by A. doing whatever makes you happiest, regardless of how it affects other people B. doing whatever creates the most happiness overall, for all people affected by the decision C. doing what feels right, regardless of the consequences

B. doing whatever creates the most happiness overall, for all people affected by the decision

In African American folktales, "Night doctors" are A. doctors who risk their reputation by sneaking out at night to help slaves who have no one else to turn to B. thieves who kidnap black people to use them in medical experiments C. slaves who tend to other slaves as they die, or ease into the "night"

B. thieves who kidnap black people to use them in medical experiments

During the Tuskegee Syphilis experiment, researchers: A. deliberately infected study subjects with syphilis B. withheld treatment from study subjects, but did not infect them C. treated all subjects for syphilis as soon as treatment was available, thereby invalidating the study's results

B. withheld treatment from study subjects, but did not infect them

Consider this scenario: Classic puzzle "Murderer at the Door" Imagine there is a Nazi at your door, asking "Do you have any Jews in your house?" If you answer truthfully, he will come in and kill them, but if you lie the Nazi will believe you and move on. What would Kant's Formula of Ends and Kingdom of Ends tell us is the right thing to do in this situation? A. Lie, because that will produce the least suffering overall (Nazi will move along happy, Jew will live) B. Lie, because that is treating the Jew with respect by manipulating the Nazi to go away C. Tell the truth, because that is treating the Nazi with respect. If the Nazi is going to do the wrong thing with the information, that is his failing, not yours. D. Tell the truth, because it is painful for you to lie and you should avoid your own suffering.

C. Tell the truth, because that is treating the Nazi with respect. If the Nazi is going to do the wrong thing with the information, that is his failing, not yours.

According to the Nuremberg Code: A. medical research should never be performed on human subjects B. both humans and animals in medical research need to be protected C. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.

C. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential.

Racial bias in the U.S. and its negative effects A. are not longer a problem in the 21st Century B. still exist in the medical system, but no where else C. are a problem in all areas of life, including health care, housing, employment, law enforcement, and education

C. are a problem in all areas of life, including health care, housing, employment, law enforcement, and education

Alison Davis argues that A. physicians should evaluate newborns with disabling conditions to determine if they will have a worthwhile life, and determine treatment based on their assessment B. given her experience with spina bifida, she wishes her parents had left her at the hospital to die, rather then give her a life of operations and incontinence, and an inability to walk C. given her experience with spina bifida, she is glad her parents took her home from the hospital, since her life - which includes operations, incontinence, and an inability to walk -- has been full and happy

C. given her experience with spina bifida, she is glad her parents took her home from the hospital, since her life - which includes operations, incontinence, and an inability to walk -- has been full and happy

Some details of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study are frequently misunderstood by the general public. For example, no study subjects were deliberately infected with syphilis during this study, but many people mistakenly believe study subjects were. If no one was deliberately infected, then what are some ethical issues with the study? A. Researchers withheld treatment from study subjects, but did not infect them. B. Researchers told study subjects that they were getting treatment, when they were not C. Researchers deliberately choose poor African Americans to be study participants because the researchers thought African Americans would be less likely than white participants to seek treatment on their own or question the researchers. D. All of these answers

D. All of these answers

Authors Nicole Sirotin and Bernard Lo attempt to shift the conversation from whether to disclose sensitive medical information to patients, to when and how to disclose that information. They recommend that physicians consider A. who discloses the information B. where to disclose the information C. when to disclose the information D. what to say to the patient E. all of the above

E. all of the above

According to De Bord, competent patients have the right to refuse treatment, even those treatments that may be life-saving. True False

True

From the perspective of Relational Autonomy, it is very easy to know when someone is giving informed consent. True False

True

Someone can be a moral patient even if they are not a moral agent. True False

True

Neuroscientist Lore Thaler compared brain scans of blind and sighted people and she reported that she found a) some blind people have very active visual cortexes b) it might be possible to 'see' without eyes c) a & b d) none of the above

c) a & b

According the Cheryl Chase, when infants are born with ambiguous genitalia, this creates a problem because a) doctors must always perform surgery on the infants for the infants' medical safety b) people born outside of gender expectations are stigmatized and traumatized. The stigma is the problem, not the genitalia. c) parents are often uninformed about the frequency of being intersex and how/whether it affects quality of life, and so are unprepared to make decisions on behalf of their child d) b & c

d) b & c

Dax Cowart argues that the right to refuse medical treatment a. should be overridden in cases of life or death b. is absolute for mentally competent human beings c. can at times be considered "foolish, unreasonable, or absurd" by some people d. b & c

d. b & c