Seizure disorders

Which conditions can cause a seizure? Select all that apply A head injury Infection of the brain High fever Parkinson's disease Hypertension

A head injury Infection of the brain High fever

This has a muscle or nerve reaction, but also causes the person to be confused or disoriented. There is no loss of consciousness with this

Complex focal seizures

Which of the following is a cause of an scuff symptomatic seizure? Select all that apply Drug or alcohol withdrawal Insulin overdose Genetic predisposition Abnormally low sodium level Acute traumatic head injury

Drug or alcohol withdrawal Insulin overdose Abnormally low sodium level Acute traumatic head injury

Which is the most accurate test to confirm a seizure? CT scan of the brain Electromyogram Electroencephalogram An MRI of the brain

Electroencephalogram

Usually affects one extremity or area of the body and is characterized by sporadic muscle contraction/relaxation of that area

Focal seizure

Which of the following could increase the risk of having a seizure or injury from a seizure? Select all that apply If an aura is experienced, ignore it Understanding and avoiding seizure triggers Head injury prevention Avoiding medication combinations that increase the risk of seizures Poor management of diabetes and insulin

If an aura is experienced, ignore it Poor management of diabetes and insulin

Which statement best describes an aura? It is a visual or olfactory hallucination occurring after a seizure It is a bright light surrounding an individual due to a visual abnormality It is a visual or olfactory hallucination, occurring before the onset of a seizure It is a sound that is experienced during a seizure

It is a visual or olfactory hallucination, occurring before the onset of a seizure

Which of the following are suspected pathophysiologic conditions that occur during a seizure? Select that all apply Neurotransmitter imbalances A large amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the neurotransmitter junction Excitatory neurotransmitters over-powering inhibitory neurons A change in permeability of the neuronal membrane Reduced ability of neurons to exercise inhibitory control

Neurotransmitter imbalances Excitatory neurotransmitters over-powering inhibitory neurons A change in permeability of the neuronal membranes Reduced ability of neurons to exercise inhibitory control

Which of the following is accurate about gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Select all that apply Produced in the brain but can be found in some foods Causes an inhibitory response to brain neurons Has anti-seizure effects Causes an excitatory response to brain neurons Blocks the transmission of neurotransmitters

Produced in the brain but can be found in some foods Causes an inhibitory response to brain neurons Has anti-seizure effects Blocks the transmission of neurotransmitters

Which statement best describes a seizure? Random neuronal excitatory stimulation involving one or both sides of the brain Twitching in the arms and legs which are consciously caused Sudden loss of consciousness due to the reduction in blood flowing to the brain Chaotic neurological activity in the heart that leads to ventricular fibrillation

Random neuronal excitatory stimulation involving one or both sides of the brain

These affect a very small area of the brain and can be a twitch in an extremity or a change in a sensation

Simple focal seizure

Which of the following actions should be taken when witnessing someone having a seizure? Select all that apply. Start timing the seizure and stay with the person until they are completely alert again and the seizure is done If the seizure continues for more than 2 mins call 911 Clear the area around them and loosen any restrictive clothing around the neck area Turn them on their side to help with breathing and prevent airway occlusion Ease the person to the floor Protect the head and neck from injury

Start timing the seizure and stay with the person until they are completely alert again and the seizure is done Clear the area around them and loosen any restrictive clothing around the neck area Turn them on their side to help with breathing and prevent airway occlusion Ease the person to the floor Protect the head and neck from injury

Which of the following will likely reduce the occurrence and severity of his seizures? Select all that apply Stress avoidance Fever-reducing medications Increased activity Anti-seizure medication Increase dietary sodium

Stress avoidance Anti-seizure medications

Refers to the sudden cyclic tightening and loosening of all major muscle groups

Tonic-clinic seizure

Both sudden cyclic tightening and loosening of all major muscle groups

Tonic-clinic seizures

Epilepsy may be diagnosed when someone experiences _____ _____ seizures(s) occurring more than ____ hours apart

Two unprovoked 24

The person may stare and become unresponsive for a short period of time

Absence seizure

While no muscle activity is noted, there is a loss of awareness for a short period of time

Absence seizure

Tim's symptoms are consistent with which type of seizure? Absence seizure Complex focal seizures Simple focal seizures Tonic-clinic seizures

Absence seizures