Self Check Early Psychology

According to Sigmund Freud, the unconscious part of personality responsible for drives like sex and aggression is the:

The id, according to Freud's theory, is the part of personality responsible for drives such as sex and aggression.

The most accurate definition of psychology is the scientific study of

The mind and behavior ??

How did racism and prejudice impact the research and findings of early psychologists, such as G. Stanley Hall and James McKeen Cattell, who were predominantly focused on studying Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic populations?

The research findings of early psychologists like G. Stanley Hall and James McKeen Cattell were influenced by their own biases and limited perspectives, which could have resulted in skewed findings.

Francisco notices that a lot of people he sees avoid making eye contact while they walk by him on their cell phones. He develops a tentative explanation that people are too focused on their conversation to be distracted by an outside passerby. Francisco's observation is an example of a:

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of why something occurs in the environment (lack of eye contact while on the phone).

Which of the following is a core belief of Gestalt psychology?

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Which researcher was more likely to use objective measures to examine the activities of the mind and what it does?

William James

Psychoanalysis

a type of talk therapy originally developed by Freud but still practiced today that focuses on the interaction between conscious and unconscious elements and involves a person talking about their past experiences to uncover and understand the reasons for behavior

Who was Wilhelm Wundt?

father of psychology, placed a stronger emphasis on introspection in order to examine the mind

Functionalism

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment; functionalism placed an emphasis on how the mind worked as a whole.

Which school of psychology was more likely to focus on the operation of the entire mind instead of specific parts?

functionalism placed an emphasis on how the mind worked as a whole.

Which school of thought emphasized observable behavior and objectivity?

Behaviorism focused on studying how behaviors and actions could be directly observed and changed through conditioning.

The unconscious and early childhood experiences are emphasized by the:

psychodynamic school of psychology originated with Sigmund Freud who believed that to understand human behavior, one needed to focus on the role of unconscious thoughts and feelings, as well as experiences that occurred during early childhood.

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is a way to access the unconscious mind?

seemingly innocent slips of the tongue, Freudian slips

Psyche is a Greek word meaning ______

soul

Psychologists learn about people and behavior using empirical research, meaning they rely on and develop scientific theories that are:

supported by evidence.

Who was the first Black American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology, also sometimes referred to as the "Father of Black Psychology"?

Francis Cecil Sumner was the first Black American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology and is often referred to as the "Father of Black Psychology." He made pioneering contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of race relations and criminal justice

The school of psychology that involved a study of how mental activities help a person adapt to their environment is known as:

Functionalism, which was pioneered by William James, focused on how mental activities and different aspects of the mind interacted to help organisms adapt to their environment.

G. Stanley Hall and James McKeen Cattell were functionalist psychologists who both felt that natural selection and the "survival of the fittest" resulted in some people being "more advanced" than others. While they made important contributions to the advancement of psychology as a profession and as a science, they still supported the practice of selective breeding known as:

G. Stanley Hall and James McKeen Cattell supported the practice of eugenics, which was a pseudoscientific belief in the selective breeding of humans to improve the genetic quality of the population, based on the flawed notion of some people being "more advanced" than others.

Who was the founder of the American Psychological Association who wrote extensively on child development and education?

G. Stanley Hall was a prominent psychologist who founded the American Psychological Association (APA) and made significant contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of child development and education. He authored numerous works on these topics and is considered a pioneering figure in developmental psychology.

__________ psychologist Kurt Koffka is known for saying "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

Gestalt

Two people may look at the identical image but perceive different things. This phenomenon is studied by

Gestalt psychologists

Behaviorism

the psychological focus on observing and controlling behavior. Behaviorism as a theory holds that behaviors are learned or conditioned through environmental experiences.

Structuralism

understanding the conscious experience through introspection; Structuralism emphasized understanding individual parts of the mind through introspection.

What is psychoanalysis?

Psychoanalysis used introspection, to uncover repressed thoughts or early childhood memories, not understand how the mind operated.

William James

Sigmund Freud

Wilhelm Wundt's usage of introspection to measure and understand the specific workings of the mind was part of his philosophy that became known as:

Structuralism emphasized the understanding of the conscious experience through introspection.