Semester Bonus Review
Which Andrew Carnegie quotation best explains why he funded libraries?
"The best means of benefiting the community is to place within its reach the ladders upon which the aspiring can rise."
Why did the United States decide to enter World War I?
A European nation had taken aggressive actions against the United States.
It was at first impossible for any one to realize what had actually happened. The smoke and fumes hid everything from sight, and hundreds of men were thrown into a comatose or dying condition, and within an hour the whole position had to be abandoned, together with about fifty guns. —British Field Marshal Sir John French, report on the second battle of Ypres, 1915 What caused the scene described in this excerpt?
A poison gas attack on soldiers in the trenches
Which of the following contributed most to increased settlement of the Great Plains?
A series of federal land grants
Which of the following was a defining characteristic of the United States during the 1930s?
An extended period of economic depression
How did the Booker T. Washington, in 1909 work to improve the lives of African Americans?
By promoting vocational training for African Americans
How did the expansion of railroad transportation most benefit farmers in the United States?
By providing farmers with affordable access to distant markets
Which of the following was the main reason for the rapid settlement of the Great Plains during the late 1800s?
Congress passed a law allowing people to claim public land and convert it to private property through homesteading.
Which pull factor contributed to the Great Migration?
Economic opportunities in industrialized cities
How did the invention of the light bulb affect industry?
Factories could extend working hours.
And shortly afterward . . . a physician, made the discovery that the carcasses of steers which had been condemned as tubercular by the government inspectors . . . were left upon an open platform and carted away to be sold in the city. . . . —Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906 Public response to revelations such as the one in this excerpt led to the establishment of regulations that were eventually enforced by the —
Food and Drug Administration
How did the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle contribute to a change in the relationship between government and business?
Government regulations requiring the inspection of food products were implemented.
After winning the right to participate in the American experiment of self government, African Americans were systematically and ruthlessly excluded from it: From 1901 to 1929, there were no blacks in the federal legislature. —"Black Americans in Congress: An Introduction," Historical Essays on the Black Americans in Congress, www.baic.house.gov (accessed March 29, 2011) How did W. E. B. Du Bois combat prejudice like that described in the excerpt?
He established an early civil rights group.
An estimated thousand people lived in St. Louis's Hooverville, located on the banks of the Mississippi near the city dump. In New York, noted one observer in 1931, hobos were "coming into the city in larger numbers than ever before and have set up a 'jungle' for themselves in the heart of the East Side" on vacant lots owned by the city. —Kenneth Kusmer, 2002 Which of the following contributed most to the situation described in this excerpt?
High unemployment and widespread home foreclosures
Which outcome was an important effect of the 1898 event illustrated by this map?
Increased U.S. public support for the construction of a canal through Central America
Which of the following best characterizes the Gilded Age?
Industrialists used their connections with corrupt government officials for material gain and political power
? • The rise of militarism upset the balance of power in Europe. • Political interference in the unstable Balkan Peninsula increased tensions throughout Europe .• Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire aligned against France, Russia, and Great Britain. Which of the following is the best title for this list?
Issues Contributing to the Outbreak of World War I
Which of the following was a major contribution of the Harlem Renaissance to U.S. culture?
It established jazz as a prominent musical form.
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. . . . — 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution What was one way the constitutional amendment excerpted above helped advance the cause of gender equality?
It gave women a greater opportunity to influence government.
How did the military innovation of tanks affect the course of World War I?
It helped break the stalemate of trench warfare.
For the purpose of enabling each State to furnish financial assistance, as far as practicable under the conditions in such State, to aged needy individuals, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated . . . for each fiscal year a sum sufficient to carry out the purposes of this title. —Social Security Act of 1935, Title 1, Section 1 How did the legislation excerpted above affect the relationship between the U.S. government and its citizens?
It made the government more responsible for the people's economic welfare.
How did the Zimmermann telegram influence U.S. entry into World War I?
It revealed a proposed military alliance between Mexico and Germany.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Purpose: To protect U.S. agriculture and industry from foreign competition Outcome: ? What best completes the above?
Led to a decrease in U.S. international trade
When citizens can only meet in public for certain purposes, they regard such meetings as a strange proceeding of rare occurrence, and they rarely think at all about it. When they are allowed to meet freely for all purposes, they ultimately look upon public association as the universal, or in a manner the sole, means which men can employ to accomplish the different purposes they may have in view. —Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1840 Which value is best reflected in this excerpt?
Liberty (freedom)
Which statement best explains how the application of electricity in the early 1900s affected the development of the U.S. economy?
Manufacturing processes became more efficient.
During the 1920s, what was one result of innovations in U.S. transportation technology?
Mass-produced automobiles made travel more affordable for many people.
Which groups were most influential in passing the Pure Food and Drug Act?
Muckrakers and women's organizations
There is hereby created [an agency] . . . , which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations. —Mission statement for the ____________________ , 1916 Which agency name belongs on the blank line?
National Park Service
Decline in worldwide trade ? Bank failures What best completes this -
Over speculation in the stock market
Which of the following directly contributed to the economic instability of the United States in 1929?
Over speculation in the stock market
What is one ongoing result of the New Deal?
People can rely more on the federal government during times of economic distress.
Which of these factors contributed most to the Dust Bowl?
Prolonged drought and poor farming practices
What is the main function of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation?
Protecting personal savings in the event of bank failure
• Escape from religious persecution • Hope for freedom and equality • Hope for better economic conditions • Escape from political turmoil and war A high school teacher wrote these bullet points on the whiteboard. What was the most likely topic of discussion?
Reasons for immigration to the United States
Speaker 1: The plan interferes with the Senate's power to ratify treaties. Speaker 2: The plan threatens the principle of popular sovereignty. Speaker 3: The plan takes too much power away from the states. Speaker 4: The plan gives the executive branch too much power Which speaker expresses the main argument against President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court?
Speaker 4
Statement 1: The U.S. oil industry boomed due to oil deposits found in conquered territories. Statement 2: Rebuilding its devastated army cost the United States an enormous amount of money. Statement 3: The acquisition of new territories allowed for the expansion of U.S. commercial trade. Statement 4: Territorial losses forced the United States to purchase expensive natural resources from other countries. Which statement would most likely be found in a history of the economic impact of the Spanish-American War on the United States?
Statement 3
We are not now required to ascertain the scope of the phrase "general welfare of the United States" or to determine whether an appropriation in aid of agriculture falls within it. Wholly apart from that question, another principle embedded in our Constitution prohibits the enforcement of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. . . . It is a statutory plan to regulate and control agricultural production, a matter beyond the powers delegated to the federal government. —United States v. Butler, 1936 Which constitutional amendment did the Supreme Court use as a basis of this ruling?
Tenth Amendment (10th Amendment - The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.)
Cause: ? U.S. control of the Philippines Cuban independence U.S. control of Puerto Rico U.S. control of Guam Effect? Which sentence provides information needed to complete both the cause and effect portions above?
The 1898 Spanish-American War led to world power status for the United States
A student learning about U.S. history is instructed to write a paper about W. E. B. Du Bois and race relations in the United States. Which of the following facts would be most relevant to the student's assignment?
The NAACP was organized to help secure full legal equality for minority citizens.
Militant Americanism was dominant in Washington today—in those quarters of the capital where action counts in this perilous time. By one bold strike President Wilson had emboldened the timid, scattered his enemies, and brought honest critics to his side. The exposure of the German Government's attempt to line up Japan and Mexico with Germany in a war against the United States caused hesitating Senators and Representatives to come out in the open with declarations of support of the President and his method of dealing with the German submarine menace. While the international situation is more critical, the atmosphere has been cleared of doubt and misunderstanding, and Germany's enmity is now clearly revealed. —New York Times, March 2, 1917 What was one result of the events reported in the excerpt above?
The U.S. government abandoned its official policy of neutrality.
Which of these was a major goal of Jane Addams's Settlement House movement in Chicago?
The assimilation of immigrants
Increased population growth > Increased demand for higher crop yields > ?
The conversion of natural habitat to farmland
Which of the following occurred as a result of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
The federal government could dissolve (remove) business monopolies.
What does the FDIC represent to bank patrons?
The federal government's assurance of protection on individual bank deposits
To His Excellency William McKinley, President, and the Senate, of the United States of America . . . We, the undersigned, native Hawaiian citizens . . . who are members of the Hawaiian Patriotic League of the Hawaiian Islands, and others who are in sympathy with the said League, earnestly protest against the . . . [addition] of the said Hawaiian Islands to the said United States of America in any form or shape. — Petition, 1897 What were these Hawaiian citizens protesting?
The forced annexation of the islands as a U.S. territory after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy
Which of these contributed to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment?
The growing political influence of women
Which of these cause-and-effect relationships is accurate?
The ideas of the Harlem Renaissance influenced the growth of the Civil Rights movement.
U.S. Cattle Industry in the Nineteenth Century • Wild cattle multiplied for centuries in the Southwest . • Growing cities created more demand for beef .• Cowboys rounded up cattle and drove them to shipping centers on railroad lines .• The introduction of barbed wire and windmills led to large fenced ranches. • ? Which statement best completes this list?
The need to process large amounts of cattle made meatpacking a major industry.
The establishment of speakeasies in the 1920s was an unintended consequence of which federal government action?
The prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages
Why did the "Return to Normalcy" agenda of U.S. presidential candidate Warren G. Harding appeal to many voters in the 1920 election?
The public wanted to concentrate on domestic economic issues.
What was one reason for the expansion of machine politics in the late nineteenth century?
The rapid influx (arrival or entry of large numbers of people) of immigrants made it difficult for local governments to provide basic services.
Which of these resulted from the prohibition of alcohol during the 1920s?
The rise of organized crime
Warfare During the First World War ? Soldiers dug trenches. A stalemate developed along the western front. Which action is missing?
The use of machine guns resulted in massive casualties
The USS Maine sinks in Havana Harbor > The U.S. Congress declares war. > The Treaty of Paris is signed. How did these events affect the United States?
They helped establish the United States as an imperial power similar to European nations.
Attorney-General A. Mitchell Palmer conducted a series of raids. . . . The most spectacular of the "Palmer raids" occurred in January 1920. —"Start-up of the Department and World War I, 1913-1921," U.S. Department of Labor, www.dol.gov (accessed November 21, 2013) What was the primary reason for the raids described in this excerpt?
To halt the spread of communist ideas by radicals
Why did the Populist Party want free coinage of silver?
To increase the amount of money in circulation
What was a primary purpose of posters promoting Victory gardens?
To increase the food supply during a farm-labor shortage
Why did the federal government create the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) in 1933?
To provide jobs and improve the regional standard of living.
What was the main reason the federal government built the Hoover dam?
To provide resources for a growing population
The United States is the world's best hope, but . . . if you tangle her in the intrigues of Europe, you will destroy her power for good, and endanger her very existence. . . . —Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Senator Lodge made this statement in opposition to —
U.S. membership in the League of Nations
Which headline describes the primary issue faced by the federal government at the onset of the Great Depression?
Unemployment Rates Reach Record High
Which of the following occurred between 1865 and 1900 as a result of the rapid industrialization of the United States?
Union membership increased as workers sought better pay and conditions.
The Progressive goal to implement women's suffrage was accomplished by —
a constitutional amendment
Achievements of Ida B. Wells 1889 - Becomes editor and co-owner of the Memphis newspaper Free Speech and Headlight 1892 - Publishes "Southern Horrors" 1895 - Publishes "A Red Record" 1896 - Helps found the National Association of Colored Women 1909 - Helps found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 1913 - Forms a suffrage club for African American women in the state of Illinois
an advocate of equality
In response to the national crisis posed by the Great Depression, the U.S. government —
assumed a principal role in protecting economic stability
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was primarily a response to —
competition for jobs on the West Coast
During the 1920s, Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were most closely identified with the —
conflict between modernism and traditionalism
The Fourteen Points reflected President Woodrow Wilson's belief that —
cooperation among international leaders was essential to maintaining world peace
In the late 1800s, the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson —
created a legal justification for segregation laws
The Social Security Act affected the role of the federal government by —
creating a government-administered benefits program
President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to reassure the American public during uncertain economic times by —
delivering a series of evening radio speeches known as fireside chats
President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points supported Poland by calling for its —
establishment as an independent nation
America's present need is not heroics but healing; . . . not revolution but restoration; . . . not submergence in internationality but sustainment in triumphant nationality. —Warren G. Harding, presidential campaign speech, 1920 This excerpt illustrates Harding's campaign promise to be a president who would —
help the country recover from the turmoil of the previous decade (normalcy).
The Federal Housing Administration is a New Deal agency that continues to assist many Americans primarily by —
helping them obtain mortgage loans from banks
The ideas contained in the Declaration of Independence helped —
inspire people in other countries to question the authority of their government
The Roaring Twenties were characterized by —
installment plans, Prohibition, and flappers
During World War I, tanks were used on the western front primarily to —
lead infantry advances across no-man's-land and into enemy territory
During the nineteenth century, one way political bosses gained voter support was by —
making improvements in urban infrastructure.
Reasons for Economic Problems of the Gilded Age • Rapid growth of trusts and monopolies • Ruthless business tactics of robber barons • Use of unfair practices by the railroads such as rebates, pools, and differential rates One way the U.S. government responded to the problems caused by the conditions in this list was by —
passing the Interstate Commerce Act
Upon entering World War I, the United States enlarged its military by —
passing the Selective Service Act
Many Progressives opposed social Darwinism because it promoted the idea that —
people in lower classes were not capable of economic success
The primary objective of the Dawes Act was to —
promote cultural assimilation of American Indians
During the Progressive Era, one goal of state-level political reformers was to —
promote the principle of direct democracy
Nineteenth-century nativist organizations advocated —
promoting an ethnically homogeneous society through restrictions on immigration.
We conclude that this overpowering, irresistible tendency toward aggregation of capital and increase of size... cannot be arrested or even greatly impeded, and... instead of attempting to restrict either, we should hail every increase as something gained.... —Andrew Carnegie, The Century The business practice described above eventually led to the enactment of legislation that —
protected consumers by prohibiting monopolies
In January 1932 Congress approved the formation of an independent government agency called the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). The RFC was funded by the U.S. Treasury and was authorized to make loans to banks, railroads, life insurance companies, and other large businesses devastated by the Great Depression. President Herbert Hoover believed that funds disbursed through the RFC would eventually benefit the average citizen through job growth, higher wages, and the protection of bank accounts and insurance policies. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation is similar to later New Deal legislation in that both —
protected the economy through government intervention in private business.
The 1924 cartoon satirizes (makes fun of) the Tea Pot Dome scandal that led to —
public disappointment over revelations of government corruption
Resolved, that it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise. —Resolution from Seneca Falls Convention, July 1848 The goal of this resolution was eventually achieved with the —
ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment
Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully . . . utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States . . . shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. . . . —Espionage Act, May 1918 This law demonstrates that at one time the federal government was willing to —
suspend freedom of speech
In response to public concern over issues raised by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, the federal government expanded its role in —
taking responsibility for the safety of consumers
No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent is of such consequence to the American people as the building of a canal across the Isthmus connecting North and South America. Its importance to the Nation is by no means limited merely to its material effects upon our business prosperity. . . . —President Theodore Roosevelt The policy outlined in the excerpt was directly influenced by problems that the U.S. Navy had recently confronted during —
the Spanish-American War
The creation of initiative, referendum, and recall procedures during the Progressive Era resulted in —
the expansion of citizens' direct participation in the democratic process
Under the U.S. Constitution, the government may not take private property unless —
the government pays the owner fair compensation for the land
During the Gilded Age there was a notable increase in federal support for —
the growth of big business
Last Thursday I described the American form of Government as a three horse team provided by the Constitution to the American people so that their field might be plowed. The three horses are, of course, the three branches of government—the Congress, the Executive and the Courts. Two of the horses are pulling in unison today; the third is not. —President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937 Many members of Congress disagreed with President Roosevelt's proposed solution to the problem described above because —
the power of the executive branch would increase
Founded in 1913 as the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (CU), the National Woman's Party (NWP) was instrumental in raising public awareness of the women's suffrage campaign. . . . The NWP effectively commanded the attention of politicians and the public through its aggressive agitation, relentless lobbying, clever publicity stunts, and creative examples of civil disobedience and nonviolent confrontation. —Library of Congress The political activism of the group described in the excerpt contributed directly to —
the ratification of the 19th Amendment
Chronic wrongdoing, . . . which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing . . . to the exercise of an international police power. —President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904 President Roosevelt issued this statement in response to —
the threat of European intervention in Latin America.
General John J. Pershing made a major contribution to the Allied victory in World War I by —
transforming inexperienced troops into an effective military force
The Allied and Associated Governments, however, require, and Germany undertakes, that she will make compensation for all damage done to the civilian population of the Allied and Associated Powers and to their property during the period of the belligerency of each as an Allied or Associated Power against Germany. —The Treaty of Versailles, Article 232, June 1919 One reason this provision was included in the Treaty of Versailles was to —
weaken the power of Germany in the international community
Breadlines were partially the result of —
widespread business failures