Sherman- Spinal Biodynamics 2- QUIZZES

From the Saggital View discs have one of three orientations, flexed, extended, or level. Which are the level discs a. C4/5, T6/7, L2/3. L3/4 b. C4/5, T5/6, L2/3 c. C5/6, T6/7, L2/3, L3/4 d. C6/7, T4/5, L3/4

a. C4/5, T6/7, L2/3. L3/4

Flexion does what to flexed discs a. Increase the shear on the disc b. Decrease the shear on the disc c. Does nothing to the shear on the disc d. Puts tension on the lateral part of the disc

a. Increase the shear on the disc

Spondylolisthesis is classified by grade using which measurement classification system? a. Meyerding's line b. Risser's line c. Nash Moe's line d. Georges's Line

a. Meyerding's line

How can you tell the difference between the primary curve and the secondary or recurve in a scoliosis a. The Primary curve is closest to the causative factor b. The primary curve is milder c. The primary curve is above the secondary curve d. The primary curve is below the secondary curve

a. The Primary curve is closest to the causative factor

When the disc is tractioned a. The nucleus consolidates inward and upward b. This is a natural state c. The nucleus bulges outward and upward d. The annulus is not affected

a. The nucleus consolidates inward and upward

Which is not part of the Gille's Fixation Theory? a. capsular b. articular c. ligamentous d. muscular

a. capsular

The spine is a a. class 1 lever system b. class 2 lever system c. class 3 lever system d. not a lever system at all

a. class 1 lever system

Which motion has greater range of motion? a. passive b. active

a. passive

What is the name of the end of active range of motion? a. physiologic barrier b. anatomic limit c. elastic barrier d. paraphysiological space

a. physiologic barrier

Besides the preloading of the IVD, what other structures did we previous discuss that is preloaded? a. the ALL b. the PLL c. the nuchal ligament d. none of the above

a. the ALL

What part of the vertebral body has the least amount of trabecular fibers? a. the anterior vertebral body b. the spinous c. the lamina d. the pedicle

a. the anterior vertebral body

The fulcrum of the FSU is a. the facet joint b. the pedicle c. the vertebral arch d. the disc

a. the facet joint

Which structure is not lined up with the rest in gravitational weight? a. tragus b. heels c. buttocks d. scapula

a. tragus

The orientation of the laminae of the annulus (outside to inside) a. vertical to horizontal becoming more diagonal as you move towards the nucleus b. horizontal to vertical becoming less diagonal as you more towards the nucleus c. vertical to horizontal becoming less diagonal as you move toward the nucleus d. horizontal to vertical becoming more diagonal as you move towards the nucleus

a. vertical to horizontal becoming more diagonal as you move towards the nucleus

Which of the following FSU ligaments is preloaded? a. PLL b. ALL c. Interspinous d. Ligamentum flavum

b. ALL

Which trabecular fibers confirm that the load on the FSU is transferred from the anterior column to the posterior column? a. oblique fibers b. AP fibers c. horizontal fibers d. vertical fibers

b. AP fibers

In a Lovett Excess Scoliosis which is NOT a characteristic? a. High Nash Moe classification b. Concavity on the low side of sacrum c. Superior Angle is greater than inferior angle d. Sacrum drops on one side

b. Concavity on the low side of sacrum

Cobb's angle measures the: a. The degree of the Maturity of the spine in a scoliosis b. Degree of the lateral curve in a scoliosis c. Degree of the Kyphosis in a scoliosis d. The degree of the rotation in a scoliosis

b. Degree of the lateral curve in a scoliosis

Before there can be concentric damage to the annulus you first must have: a. Radial fissure b. Delamination c. Subligamentous damage d. Sequestration

b. Delamination

The differential diagnosis between a bulge and a broad based protrusion is: a. The annulus outside the ID space is more than 25% of the circumference b. If the annulus is less than or more than 3 mm outside of the IVD space c. The annulus outside of the ID space is less than 25% of the circumference d. Whether the damage to the annulus is radial or concentric

b. If the annulus is less than or more than 3 mm outside of the IVD space

Which is NOT true about Idiopathic Scoliosis? a. It is classified by when it first diagnosed either Juvenile, Adolescent, or Adult b. It won't compromise heart and lung function c. It is often visually deforming d. It typically shows external signs between the ages of 10-14 year old

b. It won't compromise heart and lung function

What is the apex of the lumbar curve? a. L2/3 b. L3 body c. L3/4 d. none of the above

b. L3 body

Medically speaking a Cobb's angle in the 10-20 degree range indicates a. Moderate Scoliosis treated with bracing b. Mild scoliosis treated with exercises and monitoring c. Mild scoliosis treated with bracing d. Moderate scoliosis treated with exercises and monitoring

b. Mild scoliosis treated with exercises and monitoring

Risser classification is for a. The degree of lateral curvature in a scoliosis b. The maturity of the spine for a scoliosis c. The degree of rotation in a scoliosis d. None of the above

b. The maturity of the spine for a scoliosis

What happens to the disc during axial compression? a. The annulus stretches Inferior to Superior b. The nucleus pancakes and bulges outward circumferentially c. The nucleus is forced to the open side of the wedge d. One side of the annulus opens and the other side wedges closed

b. The nucleus pancakes and bulges outward circumferentially

An outpatient surgical procedure to correct anterior compression fracture is called: a. instrumentation b. balloon kyphoplasty c. angioplasty d. balloon kyphotic

b. balloon kyphoplasty

The functional spinal unit (FSU) is a a. class 2 lever system b. class 1 lever system c. class 3 lever system d. class 4 lever system

b. class 1 lever system

Collagen gets ____________ under tensile stress. a. relaxed b. stiffer c. twisted d. sheared

b. stiffer

The nucleus is mostly made up of _________. a. fibroblasts b. water c. collagen d. elastin

b. water

The most common reason for Spondylolysis is: a. Spondylolisthesis b. Congentail defect of the pars articularis c. Stress fracture of the pars articularis d. None of the above

c. Stress fracture of the pars articularis

What is the disc's response to asymmetrical load? a. The nucleus is pushed to the ipsilateral side b. The nucleus does not move c. The annulus is stretched on the contralateral side d. The disc wedges open ipsilaterally

c. The annulus is stretched on the contralateral side

Nash Moe classification is for a. The degree of lateral curvature in a scoliosis b. The maturity of the spine for a scoliosis c. The degree of rotation in a scoliosis d. None of the above

c. The degree of rotation in a scoliosis

Coupling is due to one of two factors a. ligament attachments and muscle attachments b. the motion the joint is moving through and how the ligaments are attached c. articular design and ligamentous factors d. size and type of joint

c. articular design and ligamentous factors

When does the cervical curve develop? a. fetus b. 5 months- 3 years c. birth- 5 months d. 3 years- 10 years

c. birth- 5 months

Which of the following is NOT used for proprioception? a. eyes b. vestibular apparatus c. cerebrum d. muscles spindles

c. cerebrum

Deformation under continuous load is called a. lubrication b. tendonitis c. creep d. bending moment

c. creep

Too many shots of corticosteroids into a joint will a. increase the inflammation b. do nothing to the joint c. damage the fibroblasts and lose ability to produce more collagen d. make the joint more stable

c. damage the fibroblasts and lose ability to produce more collagen

How many functional curves are there in the human axial skeleton? a. three b. two c. four d. five

c. four

The anterior column of the FSU a. is where force is exerted b. is the active side c. is the passive side d. is controlled by the CNS

c. is the passive side

The posterior column is a. adapts based on the properties and materials that make up the posterior column b. passive c. motion and guidance d. weight bearing

c. motion and guidance

Why are there sagittal curves in the human spine? a. for maximum stability b. for maximum flexibility c. the best of both worlds, flexibility and stability d. none of the above

c. the best of both worlds, flexibility and stability

The human spine has ____________ more times resistance to axial compression than if it had one curve. a. 2 b. 17 c. 8 d. 8.5

d. 8.5

Disc herniation is when a. Any part of the ID is outside of the IVD space b. The annulus is torn all the way through and the nucleus is outside of annular containment c. There is a radial fissure of the annulus d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a false statement? a. Traumatic damage to the spine or legs can cause scoliosis b. Atlas/Axis subluxation can cause scoliosis c. Postural imbalances can cause scoliosis d. All of the above are true e. Congenital defects can cause scoliosis

d. All of the above are true

What is the disc's response to torque a. 1/2 the annulus in under tension b. The annulus tends to pull the endplates closer together c. Fibers opposite of the tension are relaxed d. All of the above

d. All the above

What joint allows for the greatest amount of combined flexion/extension? a. C6-C7 b. C1-C2 c. L5-S1 d. C0-C1

d. C0-C1

What effect does flexion have on extended discs a. No effect on the disc b. Increases the shear c. Damages the posterior annulus d. Decreases the shear

d. Decreases the shear

The IVD is a preloaded structure because a. it has a set volume b. its hydrophilic c. the forced wedging of the lordotic curve d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The intervertebral disc allows for freedom of movement a. 3 translations b. 3 rotations c. traction d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What happens to the annulus when you age? a. less hydrophilic b. loses recharge potential c. more fibrotic d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Where does the adjustment take place? a. just after the elastic barrier b. in the paraphysiological space c. in the end play zone d. anywhere alone the range of motion rainbow

d. anywhere alone the range of motion rainbow

The annulus is mostly made up of ________________. a. water b. muco-polysaccharides c. elastin d. collagen

d. collagen

The intertransverse ligament resists what movement? a. lateral flexion b. flexion c. extension d. contralateral lateral flexion

d. contralateral lateral flexion

Lumbar lateral flexion is coupled with a. ipsilateral lateral flexion b. contralateral lateral flexion c. ipsilateral rotation d. contralateral rotation

d. contralateral rotation

The cervical flexibility and stability (in that order) is? a. low, low b. high, high c. low, high d. high, low

d. high, low

Restriction in passive joint movement is NOT due to: a. ligamentous resiliency b. capsule tightness c. articular design d. muscle tension

d. muscle tension

Where does cavitation take place? a. anatomical limit b. end play zone c. paraphysiologic barrier d. paraphysiological space

d. paraphysiological space

A Delmas Index of .96 gives you a more __________ normal spine. a. level b. dynamic c. flexible d. static

d. static

The anterior column of the FSU is a. the spinous processes b. the vertebral arch c. the vertebral bodies d. the vertebral bodies and the disc

d. the vertebral bodies and the disc

Coupling is when a. one motion in a specific direction happens with another motion in the opposite direction b. there are specific joint structures c. two motions happen sometimes at the same time d. two motions necessarily happen at the same time

d. two motions happen necessarily at the same time