Simon Bolivar
Battle of Pichincha
Antonio Jose de Sucre's victory on a volcano near Quito, which would ensure the liberation of what is now Ecuador.
deceleration of war to the Death
Any Spaniard or Criollo not found to be directly aiding the revolution was to be killed.
Battle of Boyoca
Battle which would free Columbia from Spanish rule under the command of Bolivar.
Congress of Upper Peru
Body created in honor of Bolivar after he wrote a constitution for the namesake country.
Ocana Convention
Convention called to order in an effort to keep Gran Colombia together. Bolivar wanted to apply elements of his Bolivian constitution.
Organic Decree of Dictatorship
Document issued by Bolivar after the failure of the Ocana constitutional convention due to "grave political differences".
Alexander Petion
First president of the republic of Haiti, who backed Bolivar to return from exile.
Ferdinand the seventh
His return to power after the peninsular war made Bolivar want to flee Jamaica.
Assassination attempts
His servant Pio tried to stab Bolivar but accidentally stabbed some other gut in a hammock. Occurred in Jamaica in response to his Jamaica letter.
Gran Colombia
Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolívar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations.
Francisco Miranda
Known as El Precursor, lead early revolts in Venezuela and created the supreme Junta of Caracas.
Admirable Campaign
Military action led by Simón Bolívar in which much of Venezuela was conquered in response to the failure of the first republic. Lead to the Decree of War to the Death.
Baron von Humboldt
Prussian polymath who would have a famous rendezvous with Bolivar in Rome.
Simon Rodriguez
Rationalist philosopher and early tutor to Bolivar.
Cundinamarca
Region of Gran Colombia, which is now part of Columbia. Taken by Bolivar as he was reentering Bogota, as it was the site of a large Republican resistance.
Francisco Santander
Separatist Vice President to Bolivar who would ultimately resign over conflicts around presidential power.
Guayaquil Conference
Simon Bolivar and San Martin (Argentinian) met in Guayaquil to discuss a resolution between the two on how they could conquer Peru. After lengthy negotiations neither side could come to a resolution and San Martin bowed out leaving his army to Bolivar. San Martin wanted to rule with a European style imposing monarchs whereas Bolivar wanted to establish republics in the new lands.
Battle of Junin
Simon Bolivar won this cavalry battle in highland Peru against Jose de Canterac.
Aroa River
Site of a number of goldmines which would act as Bolivar's main source of revenue.
Battle of Ayacucho
The final stand of Spanish royalist forces in which they suffered a defeat against the liberating army of Bolivar and San Martin. Thwarted the final Spanish effort to retain their empire in the Americas.
Andrés Bello
Venezuelan humanist with whom Bolivar collaborated in asking for Francisco de Miranda to return.
Cartagena Manifesto
Written by Simón Bolívar during the Colombian and Venezuelan War of Independence, after the fall of the First Republic, explaining with great detail and precision what he believed to be the causes of this loss, which occurred under the leadership of Francisco de Miranda. Began the Admirable Campaign.
Jamaica Letter
Written by Simón Bolívar in response to a letter from Henry Cullen, in which he put forward the reasons that caused the fall of the Second Republic of Venezuela within the context of the independence of the nation; fundamental objective was to gain the attention of the most powerful liberal nation of the 19th century, Britain, with the aim that it would decide to involve itself in American independence
Battle of Carabobo
•Northern South America •Venezuela •1821 •Royalists vs Patriots and British Legions •Venezuela gains independence
