simple and difficult chp 23

Which of the following carry oxygenated blood only? (1) systemic arteries (2) systemic veins (3) pulmonary arteries (4) pulmonary veins

1 and 4

Arrange the names given to successive portions of the vessel that continues from the brachiocephalic trunk to supply the right upper limb: (1) radial artery (2) axillary artery (3) brachial artery (4) subclavian artery

4, 2, 3, 1

Because, at rest, they hold about ____________ of the body's blood, ____________ function as blood reservoirs.

60%; veins

A blood vessel with thin walls, a relatively wide lumen, numerous one-way valves, and a diameter greater than 100 micrometers is

a vein

the left fourth aortic arch vessel in an embryo becomes the

aortic arch

In contrast to other arteries, arterioles

are only 3 mm in diameter or smaller

The ductus arteriosus closes at birth, leaving a fibrous remnant, the ligamentum

arteriosum

What vascular disorder is characterized by altered endothelia and the buildup of fatty plaques in arterial lumens?

atherosclerosis

drains right posterior intercostal veins

azygos vein

sends oxygenated blood to right upper limb

brachiocephalic trunk

What are the three main arterial branches that emerge from the aortic arch?

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

Which structures are called the "functional units" of the cardiovascular system?

capillaries

Which vessels have thin walls and small diameters that facilitate rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients between blood and body tissues?

capillaries

composed of endothelium and basement membrane only

capillary

Capillaries do not function independently, but rather form interconnected networks called

capillary beds

some venous blood from the upper limb drains through the

cephalic vein

What is the name of the anastomosis of arteries surrounding the sella turcica?

cerebral arterial circle

Of the following arteries, which does not contribute directly to an anastomosis?

common carotid

bifurcation of descending abdominal aorta

common iliac artery

Which type of true capillaries are enveloped, in certain locations, by the perivascular feet of astrocytes?

continuous capillaries

Which of the following selections is paired incorrectly?

continuous capillaries; found in intestinal villi and the kidneys

The internal carotid arteries do not

deliver blood to structures of the neck, pharynx, larynx, mandible, and face

Which artery projects from the aortic arch, extending several branches that supply the thoracic wall before changing names inferior to the diaphragm?

descending thoracic aorta

Fetal blood is shunted from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta through which of the following?

ductus arteriosus

In the fetus, oxygenated blood returning from the placenta is shunted away from the liver by the

ductus venosus

drains venous blood from the brain

dural venous sinus

The aorta and its primary branches are all ____________ arteries, as is the pulmonary trunk.

elastic

which of the following is not a type of capillary?

elastic

Blood leaving the heart enters large, extremely resilient vessels called

elastic arteries

Compared with larger arteries, smaller arteries tend to have less ____________ in their walls and more ____________.

elastic tissue; smooth muscle

In terms of both composition and relative position, the ____________ of the heart is most similar to the ____________ of vessel walls.

endocardium; tunica intima

vasa vasorum are found in the tunica _ of the large blood vessels

externa

The following sequence lists veins carrying a drop of blood from the leg to the heart. Which vein is missing? posterior tibial > popliteal > femoral > common iliac > inferior vena cava

external iliac

In a fetus, most of the blood is shunted from the right to the left atrium through the

foramen ovale

At birth, the ____________ replaces the hole in the interatrial septum that has the same name as a hole in the sphenoid bone of the skull.

fossa ovalis

all of the following are direct branches of the celiac trunk except the

gastric artery

Compared with those of the systemic circulation, arteries of the pulmonary circulation

have lower blood pressure, have less elastic tissue and wider lumens, carry blood that contains less oxygen

left posterior intercostal veins drain into it

hemiazygos vein

which of the following veins typically does not drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

hepatic portal

The veins of the gastrointestinal tract all merge into some part of the ____________, which shunts the blood to the liver for absorption and processing of transported materials.

hepatic portal system

Upon leaving the capillaries supplied by the celiac and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, blood flows into the

hepatic portal system

superior mesenteric vein drains into it

hepatic portal vein

Which one of the following is not a postnatal circulatory change?

increased pressure within the right atrium opens the foramen ovale

Which vein collects most of the blood from the lower limbs, pelvis, perineum, and abdominal structures?

inferior vena cava

Which structures are found only in arteries?

internal and external elastic laminae

Which three arteries branch from the celiac trunk to supply digestive organs?

left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic

The thickest layer of an artery wall is the tunica ____________, but veins have a thicker tunica ____________.

media; externa

common site for veinpuncture

medial cubital vein

which type of vessel has a LG number of smooth muscle cell layers in its tunica media as well as elastic tissue confined to an internal elastic lamina and external elastic lamina?

muscular artery

Which pair correctly matches an artery with the organ or region it serves?

obturator, medial thigh

continuation of femoral artery

popliteal artery

Diapedesis occurs mostly in which vessels?

postcapillary venules

The cyclical contracting and relaxing of ____________ that alters blood flow through capillary beds about 5-10 times per minute is called ____________.

precapillary sphincters; vasomotion

Valves in veins serve to

prevent backflow of blood in the absence of high blood pressure

drains directly into L atrium

pulmonary vein

Which statement accurately describes the azygos vein?

receives blood from veins on both sides of the vertebrae

after birth the umbilical vein becomes the ?

round ligament of the liver

Gaps in their walls and relatively large lumens, along with basement membranes that are either discontinuous or absent, allow ____________ to transport materials as large as proteins or blood cells in and out of the blood very quickly.

sinusoids

correct pathway that blood follows through the upper limb arteries

subclavian -> axillary-> brachial -> radial and ulnar

In which of the following vessels could blood most likely flow bidirectionally?

superior sagittal sinus

Veins that drain the head, neck, and upper limbs ultimately merge to form the

superior vena cava

which statement is TRUE about veins?

the largest tunic in a vein is the tunica externa

At any given moment, which cardiovascular components contain the most blood?

the systemic veins and venules

A ring of smooth muscle, the precapillary sphincter, encircles the entrance to each ____________.

true capillary

The areolar connective tissue of the ____________ helps anchor the blood vessel to other structures.

tunica externa

From the innermost outward, what three layers are found in the walls of both arteries and veins?

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Which tunic contains circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells?

tunica media

The ____________ are to the walls of large blood vessels as the coronary vessels are to the myocardium.

vasa vasorum

Although both are performed by smooth muscle, ____________ raises blood pressure while ____________ primarily affects nutrient delivery.

vasoconstriction; vasomotion

At rest, about 60% of the body's blood is normally held by the

veins

The word root fenestra most nearly means

window