Simple Carbohydrates
What is glucose?
A monosaccharide with the chemical formula C6H12O6 used by cells for energy. It provides chemical energy for the living thing.
What is deoxyribose?
A monosaccharide; the sugar component of DNA
What is ribose?
A monosaccharide; the sugar component of RNA
Living things use carbohydrates—specifically, the __________ glucose—as a source of chemical energy.
Monosaccharide
What is the general ratio of atoms and what does it mean?
The atoms are in a general ratio of 1:2:1, which means there are an equal number of carbon and oxygen atoms, and twice as many hydrogen atoms, in every carbohydrate.
What is a common monosaccharide found in fruits?
Fructose
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Fueling the growth of their miniature bodies is a disaccharide commonly found in milk products called lactose. All mammals produce lactose for their offspring in the form of rich milk. Also called milk sugar, lactose is formed when a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule form a chemical bond.
What is a common monosaccharide?
Glucose
What is the main carbohydrate converted into energy by living things?
Glucose
________ is a common disaccharide found in milk products.
Lactose
Monosaccharide... Mono=?? and saccharide=??
Mono means one and saccharide means sugar.
What is the basic unit of all carbohydrates?
A single sugar called monosaccharide.
Integral components of the molecules DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are the sugars ___________ and _______, respectively—both monosaccharides with five carbon atoms.
Deoxyribose and Ribose
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Most plants do not make sucrose, but the ones that do—such as sugarcane and sugar beets—are very important commercially. Sucrose is harvested naturally from these plants.
To draw the sugar ring, scientist often use shapes such as _______ or ______. At each corner of the shape, there is a _____ atom. In some cases this atom is left out of the drawing as a matter of shorthand.
Pentagons or hexagons. Carbon atom.
Single sugars like glucose usually have a ____ or ____ carbon atoms(C) that are formed in a ______ structure.
5 or 6 in a ring structure.
Glucose has a chemical formula of C6H12O6 and exists in two main structural forms: ???
A boat shape and a chair shape.
Deoxyribose and ribose are monosaccharides found in ____and ___, respectively.
DNA and RNA
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DNA contains the instructions for building proteins; RNA is integral to the synthesis of those proteins. Monosaccharides are an essential part of both.
What is disaccharide?
A carbohydrate molecule composed of two monosaccharides bonded together. Di means two.
Lactose
A disaccharide sugar that is commonly found in milk; consists of galactose and glucose
What is sucrose? And what is it widely used as?
A disaccharide, with glucose and fructose subunits. It's widely used as a sugar. Sucrose is composed of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule bonded together.
Simple ___________ are often used as a source of energy.
Carbohydrates
What are carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are a class of organic compounds made exclusively from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Living things digest and break down carbohydrates through a series of ___________.
Chemical reactions
