Skeletal System Test Review
The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by
collagen fibers
Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is
comprised of more massive bones, which are adapted for weight bearing
The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a
condyle
Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?
connective tissue
The bony compartment that supports the brain is called the ________
cranium
The areas of fibrous connective tissue that exist between cranial bones at birth are called ________
fontanels
Found outside or inside a joint capsule, structures that join bone to bone are called ______
ligaments
The bones of the limb are classified as
long bones
Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk?
lumbar
_____________ is a movement that occurs in the anterior-posterior plane and increases the angle between the articulating bones
extension
Typical movements at a hinge joint include
extension and flexion
Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decrease the angle between articulating bones is which movement?
flexion
Which of the following is the most important normal hip movement, one that is primarily limited by the surrounding muscles?
flexion
Two hormones that work together to elevate calcium levels in the body are ________ and _________.
parathyroid hormone, calcitriol
A crest on a bone is defined as a(n)
prominent ridge
In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called ________.
pronation
A compound fracture
results in bone projecting through the skin
The coxal bone forms by the fusion of which components?
the ilium, ischium, and pubis
The primary curves of the vertical column are the
thoracic and sacral
Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of bone marrow?
blood cell production
What is defined as a small packet of connective tissue containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction in a joint and acts as a shock absorber?
bursa
Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue?
calcium phosphate
Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?
decrease friction within joint
The shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
Which of the following associations is most accurate?
diarthroses; synovial
Which of the following joints is located between the spinal vertebrae?
symphysis
A fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by a ligamentous connection is a
syndesmosis
Functions of the curves of the vertebral column include which of the following?
aligns the body's weight in line with the body axis
One role of the frontanels is to
allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth
AN increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth.
appositional
Which joint type can perform rotation movements?
ball-and-socket
A joint with flattened or slightly curved articulating surfaces is called a _________ joints.
gliding
A joint that binds each tooth within a bony socket is called a
gomphosis
The ______________ joint is the most frequently dislocated joint of the body as it provides an excellent demonstration of the principle that stability must be sacrificed to obtain mobility.
hip
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed
inversion
Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include
maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids
Which is the anatomical term for a passageway through a bone?
meatus
Fibrous cartilage discs that act as shock absorbers in joints are called ______
menisci
The primary function of _________ is exemplified when bones function as levers.
movement
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed
scoliosis
The only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is where the
clavicle articulate with the manubrium
Tarsal bones are classified as __________ bones
short
Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?
shoulder
Which coxal bone feature supports the body's weight when one is sitting?
ischial tuberosity
During the process of _________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone
ossificstion
Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed
osteoblasts
Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed
osteoclasts
Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
ribs
The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center
3, 1, 5, 4, 2
Which of the following occurs in the intramembranous ossification?
Fibrous connective tissue is converted to bone tissue, which first resembles spongy bone
Why might a person suffering from osteoporosis benefit from increased calcium ingestion?
In osteoporosis, a decrease in the calcium content of bones leads to bones that are weak and brittle. Increased calcium ingestion raises blood calcium levels and triggers osteoblasts to form new bone. This new formation of bone can help dimish the bone decrease due to overactive osteoclasts.
Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structual support?
Individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs
Mary has just finished pitching a fast-pitch softball game. What joint is most likely to be sore, and why?
Pitching a softball repeatedly requires the shoulder's ball-and-socket joint to sustain a great deal of circumductive forces. The shoulder is most likely to be sore as a result of these repeated forced circumductions and the friction and tension associated with them.
When playing a contact sport, which injury would one expect to occur more frequently: a dislocated shoulder or dislocated hip? Why?
Shoulder dislocations would occur more frequently than hip dislocations because the shoulder is a more mobile joint. Because of its mobility, the shoulder joint is not bound tightly by ligaments or other structures and is easier to dislocate when excessive forces are applied. The hip joint, although mobile, is stabilized by four heavy ligaments; bones fit together snugly in the joint. The synovial capsule of the hip joint is larger than the shoulder, and the range of motion is not as great. These factors contribute to the joint being more stable and less easily dislocated.
Why is the elbow joint considered to be extremely stable?
The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock.
A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is
abduction
The depression that receives the head of the femur is the
acetabulum
Moving the arm in a loop is an example of which angular movement?
circumduction
The pectoral girdle consists of the
clavicle and scapula
When one closes the mouth, the movement is called ________
elevation
Dorsiflexion involves _______ at the ankle joints and _______ of the foot.
flexion; elevation of the sole
The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a(n)
joint capsule
The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold onto it is called
opposition
Skull bones are joined by tight connections called
sutures
Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs
true
Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of _________ deficiency.
vitamin D3
Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured?
wrist
The anterior connection between the two pubic bones is
an example of a symphysis
The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing.
an epiphyseal plate